SpringBoot整合Sharding-JDBC实现读写分离
Sharding-JDBC实现读写分离,记得先要实现数据库的主从结构先。
1、Sharding-JDBC 简介
Sharding-JDBC 是的分布式数据库中间件解决方案。Sharding-JDBC、Sharding-Proxy 和 Sharding-Sidecar(计划
中)是 3 款相互独立的产品,共同组成了 ShardingSphere。Sharding-JDBC 定位于轻量级的 Java 框架,它使
用客户端直连数据库,可理解为增强版的 JDBC 驱动,完全兼容 JDBC 和各种 ORM 框架。
-
适用于任何基于 Java 的 ORM 框架,如:JPA,Hibernate,Mybatis,Spring JDBC Template 或直接使用
JDBC。
-
基于任何第三方的数据库连接池,如:DBCP,C3P0,BoneCP,Druid,HikariCP 等。
-
支持任意实现 JDBC 规范的数据库。目前支持 MySQL,Oracle,SQLServer 和 PostgreSQL。
架构图如下:
支持以下的特效:
-
分库分表
-
读写分离
-
柔性事务
-
分布式主键
-
分布式治理能力
2、工程准备
搭建读写分离的数据库,这里选择的数据库的版本为Mysql5.7,详细信息如下:
数据库类型 | 数据库 | ip |
---|---|---|
主 | cool | 10.0.0.3 |
从 | cool | 10.0.0.13 |
从 | cool | 10.0.0.17 |
在主库里面执行以下的数据库初始化脚本:
USE `cool`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(12) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(12) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `idx-username` (`username`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=12 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
主从数据库已经搭建好了,所以执行完上面的脚本后,2 个从库应该也有 user 表。
3、案例讲解
3.1 pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
<artifactId>sharding-jdbc-master-slave</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sharding-jdbc-master-slave</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.shardingsphere</groupId>
<artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0.M1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.2 配置文件
在 spring boot 工程配置文件 application.yml
做以下的配置:
sharding:
jdbc:
dataSource:
names: db-test0,db-test1,db-test2
# 配置主库
db-test0:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://{master-host}:3306/cool?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&tinyInt1isBit=false&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT
username: root
password: root
# 最大连接数
maxPoolSize: 20
# 配置第一个从库
db-test1:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://{slave1-host}:3306/cool?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT
username: root
password: root
maxPoolSize: 20
# 配置第二个从库
db-test2:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://{slave2-host}:3306/cool?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT
username: root
password: root
maxPoolSize: 20
# 配置读写分离
config:
masterslave:
# 配置从库选择策略,提供轮询与随机(random随机、round_robin轮询),这里选择用轮询
load-balance-algorithm-type: round_robin
name: db1s2
master-data-source-name: db-test0
slave-data-source-names: db-test1,db-test2
# 开启SQL显示,默认值false,注意仅配置读写分离时不会打印日志
props:
sql:
show: true
server:
port: 8085
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:META-INF/mybatis-config.xml
sharding.jdbc.dataSource.names
:配置数据库的名称,就是多个数据源的名称。
sharding.jdbc.dataSource
:配置多个数据源,需要配置数据库名称,和上面配置的对应。以及数据的配置,
包括连接池的类型、连接器、数据库地址、 数据库账户密码信息等。
sharding.jdbc.config.masterslave.load-balance-algorithm-type
:查询时的负载均衡算法,目前有 2
种算法,round_robin
(轮询)和 random
(随机)。
sharding.jdbc.config.masterslave.master-data-source-name
:主数据源名称。
sharding.jdbc.config.masterslave.slave-data-source-names
:从数据源名称,多个用逗号隔开。
3.3 业务类
User
实体类:
package com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -1205226416664488559L;
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
UserRepository
类:
package com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.repository;
import com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.entity.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import java.util.List;
@Mapper
public interface UserRepository {
Long addUser(User user);
List<User> list();
}
UserService
类:
package com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.service;
import com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.entity.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserService {
Long addUser(User user);
List<User> list();
}
UserServiceImpl
类:
package com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.service.impl;
import com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.entity.User;
import com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.repository.UserRepository;
import com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
UserRepository userRepository;
@Override
public Long addUser(User user) {
// 强制路由主库
// HintManager.getInstance().setMasterRouteOnly();
return userRepository.addUser(user);
}
@Override
public List<User> list() {
return userRepository.list();
}
}
mybatis-config.xml
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.entity"/>
</typeAliases>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="META-INF/mappers/User.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
User.xml
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.repository.UserRepository">
<resultMap id="baseResultMap" type="com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.entity.User">
<result column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
<result column="username" property="username" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
<result column="password" property="password" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
</resultMap>
<insert id="addUser">
INSERT INTO user (
id, username, password
)
VALUES (
#{id,jdbcType=INTEGER},
#{username,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
#{password,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
)
</insert>
<select id="list" resultMap="baseResultMap">
SELECT u.* FROM user u
</select>
</mapper>
3.4 控制类
package com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.web;
import com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.entity.User;
import com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping("/users")
public Object list() {
return userService.list();
}
@GetMapping("/add")
public Object add(@RequestParam Integer id, @RequestParam String username, @RequestParam String password) {
User user = new User();
user.setId(id);
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
return userService.addUser(user);
}
}
3.5 启动类
package com.example.shardingjdbcmasterslave;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ShardingJdbcMasterSlaveApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ShardingJdbcMasterSlaveApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.6 主要工作流程
3.7 测试
查看数据库的 CRUD 日志,日志目录在 /var/lib/mysql
目录下。
调用 2 个接口,可以在主库对应主机的日志目录下查看插入数据的日志:
Query select @@session.transaction_read_only
Query INSERT INTO user (
id, username, password
)
VALUES (
134,
'forezp134',
'1233edwd'
)
从库对应主机的日志目录下查看查询数据的日志:
Query SELECT u.* FROM user u
这就说明,Sharding-JDBC 实现了数据库的读写分离。
4、参考资料
https://github.com/apache/incubator-shardingsphere-example/releases/tag/3.1.0.M1
https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/overview/
https://github.com/apache/incubator-shardingsphere