1.JSON简介
JSON（JavaScript Object Notation，JavaScript 对象表示法），是存储和交换文本信息的语法，类似 XML。JSON 比 XML 更小、更快，更易解析，Pandas 可以很方便的处理 JSON 数据。
[
{
"id": "A001",
"name": "百度",
"url": "www.baidu.com",
"likes": 61
},
{
"id": "A002",
"name": "Google",
"url": "www.google.com",
"likes": 124
},
{
"id": "A003",
"name": "淘宝",
"url": "www.taobao.com",
"likes": 45
}
]
可以直接用to_string()处理 JSON 字符串。
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_json('sites.json')
print(df.to_string())
import pandas as pd
data =[
{
"id": "A001",
"name": "百度",
"url": "www.baidu.com",
"likes": 61
},
{
"id": "A002",
"name": "Google",
"url": "www.google.com",
"likes": 124
},
{
"id": "A003",
"name": "淘宝",
"url": "www.taobao.com",
"likes": 45
}
]
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df)
2.可以直接将 Python 字典转化为 DataFrame 数据
JSON 对象与 Python 字典具有相同的格式。
import pandas as pd
# 字典格式的 JSON
s = {
"col1":{"row1":1,"row2":2,"row3":3},
"col2":{"row1":"x","row2":"y","row3":"z"}
}
# 读取 JSON 转为 DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(s)
print(df)
3.假设有一组内嵌的 JSON 数据文件 nested_list.json
{
"school_name": "ABC primary school",
"class": "Year 1",
"students": [
{
"id": "A001",
"name": "Tom",
"math": 60,
"physics": 66,
"chemistry": 61
},
{
"id": "A002",
"name": "James",
"math": 89,
"physics": 76,
"chemistry": 51
},
{
"id": "A003",
"name": "Jenny",
"math": 79,
"physics": 90,
"chemistry": 78
}]
}import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_json('nested_list.json')
print(df)
4.使用 json_normalize() 方法将内嵌的数据完整解析
import pandas as pd
import json
# 使用 Python JSON 模块载入数据
with open('nested_list.json','r') as f:
data = json.loads(f.read())
# 展平数据
df_nested_list = pd.json_normalize(data, record_path =['students'])
print(df_nested_list)
data = json.loads(f.read()) 使用 Python JSON 模块载入数据，json_normalize() 使用了参数 record_path 并设置为 ['students'] 用于展开内嵌的 JSON 数据 students。
5.使用 meta 参数显示元数据
import pandas as pd
import json
# 使用 Python JSON 模块载入数据
with open('nested_list.json','r') as f:
data = json.loads(f.read())
# 展平数据
df_nested_list = pd.json_normalize(
data,
record_path =['students'],
meta=['school_name', 'class']
)
print(df_nested_list)
6.假设数据文件 nested_mix.json嵌套了列表和字典
{
"school_name": "local primary school",
"class": "Year 1",
"info": {
"president": "John Kasich",
"address": "ABC road, London, UK",
"contacts": {
"email": "admin@e.com",
"tel": "123456789"
}
},
"students": [
{
"id": "A001",
"name": "Tom",
"math": 60,
"physics": 66,
"chemistry": 61
},
{
"id": "A002",
"name": "James",
"math": 89,
"physics": 76,
"chemistry": 51
},
{
"id": "A003",
"name": "Jenny",
"math": 79,
"physics": 90,
"chemistry": 78
}]
}7.文件转换为 DataFrame
import pandas as pd
import json
# 使用 Python JSON 模块载入数据
with open('nested_mix.json','r') as f:
data = json.loads(f.read())
df = pd.json_normalize(
data,
record_path =['students'],
meta=[
'class',
['info', 'president'],
['info', 'contacts', 'tel']
]
)
print(df)
8.假设存在nested_deep.json文件
{
"school_name": "local primary school",
"class": "Year 1",
"students": [
{
"id": "A001",
"name": "Tom",
"grade": {
"math": 60,
"physics": 66,
"chemistry": 61
}
},
{
"id": "A002",
"name": "James",
"grade": {
"math": 89,
"physics": 76,
"chemistry": 51
}
},
{
"id": "A003",
"name": "Jenny",
"grade": {
"math": 79,
"physics": 90,
"chemistry": 78
}
}]
}9.使用glom 模块来处理数据套嵌
glom 模块允许使用 . 来访问内嵌对象的属性。第一次使用需要安装 glom。
!pip install glom
import pandas as pd
from glom import glom
df = pd.read_json('nested_deep.json')
data = df['students'].apply(lambda row: glom(row, 'grade.math'))
print(data)
