appium自动化框架综合实践

结合前面的元素寻找、操作、unittest测试框架，搭建一个完整的自动化框架。本篇旨在框架设计、单机用例执行、输出报告，下篇继续实践Bat批处理执行测试、多设备并发测试。

框架功能

数据配置
日志输出
截图处理
基础功能封装（公共方法，查找元素）
业务功能
数据驱动
测试用例封装
断言处理和报告输出

测试需求

测试环境

win10
appium 1.17.1
weixin
真机

测试用例

登录场景1.用户名 xxx 密码 xxx （登录成功）

登录场景2.用户名 xxx 密码 xxx （登录失败）

框架设计

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代码实现

1.日志输出

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "Cc"
import logging
import time
class OutputLog:
critical = logging.CRITICAL # 级别最高，什么也不输出
fatal = logging.FATAL
error = logging.ERROR
warning = logging.WARNING
info = logging.INFO
debug = logging.DEBUG
@classmethod
def output_log(cls, log_level=debug):
my_logging = logging.getLogger(__name__)
my_logging.setLevel(log_level)
if not my_logging.handlers:
local_time = time.localtime()
file_name1 = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', local_time)
file_name2 = r"Logging\\"
file_name = file_name2 + file_name1 + ".log"
file_handler = logging.FileHandler(file_name, "a", encoding="utf-8") # 输出日志到磁盘文件
file_handler.setLevel(log_level)
formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s--%(levelname)s--%(process)d--"
"%(thread)d--%(threadName)s--%(funcName)s--%(lineno)d--%(lineno)d : %(message)s")
file_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
my_logging.addHandler(file_handler)
return my_logging

遇到的问题和解决方法

举个调用的例子：

OutputLog.output_log().debug("==============开始测试，连接手机==============")
OutputLog.output_log().debug("==============第二次调用==============")

上面代码，第一行日志输出只输出了一次，第二行输出了两次，原因是我在一开始实现时，每次调用都会重新创建一个handles，使用完后没有删除，同一log对象有多个handles，日志会重复输出，所以我在创建handles前先加以判断：if not my_logging.handlers，如果存在则不重新创建了。

2.设备初始化

2.1设备信息

保存设备信息在devices.yaml中，可以通过修改此文件，修改设备信息。

oppo_findx_pro:
appActivity: com.tencent.mm.ui.LauncherUI
appPackage: com.tencent.mm
autoGrantPermissions: true
automationName: UiAutomator2
chromeOptions:
androidProcess: com.tencent.mm:toolsmp
chromedriverExecutable: C:\Users\v_yddchen\Desktop\chromedriver_win32 77.0\chromedriver.exe
deviceName: dd
noReset: false
platFormVersion: 10
platformName: Android
resetKeyboard: true
udid: 648d4f29
unicodeKeyboard: true
oppo_reno:
appActivity: com.tencent.mm.ui.LauncherUI
appPackage: com.tencent.mm
autoGrantPermissions: true
automationName: UiAutomator2
chromeOptions:
androidProcess: com.tencent.mm:toolsmp
chromedriverExecutable: C:\Users\v_yddchen\Desktop\chromedriver_win32 77.0\chromedriver.exe
deviceName: df93a63a
noReset: false
platFormVersion: 9
platformName: Android
resetKeyboard: true
udid: df93a63a
unicodeKeyboard: true

2.2 初始化

初始化操作

# 初始化设备
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "Cc"
from appium import webdriver
import yaml
from OutputLog import OutputLog
from login import Login
import time
class InitDevices:
def __init__(self, file_name, device_name):
self.file_name = file_name
self.device_name = device_name
def read_devices(self):
"""
获取设备信息
:return:
"""
try:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("尝试获取设备信息")
with open(self.file_name, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
all_devices = yaml.safe_load(f.read())
except IOError:
OutputLog.output_log().error("设备文件读取错误")
else:
msg = str(all_devices[self.device_name])
OutputLog.output_log().debug(msg)
return all_devices[self.device_name]
def init_devices(self, device_info):
"""
初始化设备
:param device_info:
:return:
"""
return webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", device_info)
if __name__ == "__main__":
OutputLog.output_log().debug("==============开始测试，连接手机==============")
devices_object = InitDevices('devices.yaml', 'oppo_findx_pro')
devices_info = devices_object.read_devices()
devices = devices_object.init_devices(devices_info)
OutputLog.output_log().debug("连接成功") # 连接成功，开始找元素
file_name = 'screenshots/' + '测试' + '.png'
devices.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('new UiSelector().textMatches("(.*)录")')
devices.get_screenshot_as_file(file_name)
devices.implicitly_wait(5)
login_els = Login(devices)
time.sleep(2)
time.sleep(2)

3.获取测试数据

3.1 数据准备

3.2 读取数据

# 读取测试数据
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "Cc"
import csv
class ReadData:
def __init__(self, file_name):
self.file_name = file_name
def read_data(self):
"""
注意文件不能有中文，否则会报错
:return: 二维数组data
"""
with open(self.file_name, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
csv_reader = csv.reader(f)
head = next(csv_reader)
# print(head)
data = [[]]
if len(data):
data.clear() # 如果没有这一步，data会存在一个空值
for data1 in csv_reader:
data.append(data1)
else:
for data1 in csv_reader:
data.append(data1)
# print(data)
return data
if __name__ == "__main__":
re = ReadData("login_msg.csv")
re.read_data()

4.公共方法

寻找元素的公共方法的封装

# 基类，查找元素
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "Cc"
from appium.webdriver import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from OutputLog import OutputLog
class BaseFindEl:
def __init__(self, devices):
"""
传入设备
:param devices:
"""
self.devices = devices
def find_el_by_text(self, **kw):
"""
根据传入text时关键字参数的名称，决定调用text的哪一个方法
:param kw: 查找元素的text
:return: 返回找到的元素
"""
if 'text' in kw:
text = kw['text']
path = 'new UiSelector().text("{}")'.format(text)
return self.devices.find_element_by_android_uiautomator(path)
elif 'textContains' in kw:
text = kw['textContains']
path = 'new UiSelector().textContains("{}")'.format(text)
return self.devices.find_element_by_android_uiautomator(path)
elif 'textStarsWith' in kw:
text = kw['textStarsWith']
path = 'new UiSelector().textStarsWith("{}")'.format(text)
return self.devices.find_element_by_android_uiautomator(path)
elif 'textMatches' in kw:
text = kw['textMatches']
path = 'new UiSelector().textMatches("{}")'.format(text)
return self.devices.find_element_by_android_uiautomator(path)
else:
OutputLog.output_log().error("没有匹配到查找方法")
def find_el_by_class_name(self, **kw):
"""
根据传入的className查找元素
:param kw: className
:return: 找到的元素
"""
if 'className' in kw:
text = kw['className']
path = 'new UiSelector().className("{}")'.format(text)
return self.devices.find_element_by_android_uiautomator(path)
elif 'classNameContains' in kw:
text = kw['classNameContains']
path = 'new UiSelector().classNameContains("{}")'.format(text)
return self.devices.find_element_by_android_uiautomator(path)
else:
OutputLog.output_log().error("没有匹配到查找方法")
def find_el_by_resource_id(self, **kw):
"""
根据传入的resourceId查找元素
:param kw:
:return:
"""
if 'resourceId' in kw:
text = kw['resourceId']
path = 'new UiSelector().resourceId("{}")'.format(text)
return self.devices.find_element_by_android_uiautomator(path)
elif 'resourceIdMatches' in kw:
text = kw['resourceIdMatches']
path = 'new UiSelector().resourceIdMatches("{}")'.format(text)
return self.devices.find_element_by_android_uiautomator(path)
else:
OutputLog.output_log().error("没有匹配到查找方法")
def find_el_by_multi_values(self, **values):
"""
组合多个属性
:param values:
:return:
"""
pass

5.业务功能

# 查找登录界面所有的元素
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "Cc"
from BaseFindEl import BaseFindEl
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from OutputLog import OutputLog
class Login(BaseFindEl):
def __init__(self, devices):
BaseFindEl.__init__(self, devices)
def login(self, text="登录"):
"""
点击登录
:param text:
:return:
"""
self.devices.implicitly_wait(3)
try:
btn = self.find_el_by_text(text=text)
except NoSuchElementException:
msg = "错误：没有找到{}控件".format(text)
OutputLog.output_log().error(msg)
else:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("进入到登录界面")
btn.click()
def sign_in(self, text="注册"):
"""
:param text: 注册
:return:
"""
self.devices.implicitly_wait(3)
try:
btn = self.find_el_by_text(text=text)
except NoSuchElementException:
msg = "错误：没有找到{}控件".format(text)
OutputLog.output_log().error(msg)
else:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("进入到注册界面")
btn.click()
def switch_to_username(self, text_contains="用微信号"):
"""
:param text_contains: 切换到微信号/QQ号登录
:return:
"""
try:
btn = self.find_el_by_text(textContains=text_contains)
except NoSuchElementException:
msg = "错误：没有找到{}控件".format(text_contains)
OutputLog.output_log().error(msg)
else:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("切换到微信号输入界面")
btn.click()
def user_edit(self, text_contains="请填写微信号"):
"""
寻找账号输入框
:param text_contains:
:return: 账号阿输入edit
"""
try:
username_edit = self.find_el_by_text(textContains=text_contains)
except NoSuchElementException:
msg = "错误：没有找到{}控件".format(text_contains)
OutputLog.output_log().error(msg)
else:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("找到了账号输入编辑框")
return username_edit
def pwd_edit(self, text_contains="请填写密码"):
"""
寻找账号输入框
:param text_contains:
:return: 账号阿输入edit
"""
try:
pwd_edit = self.find_el_by_text(textContains=text_contains)
except NoSuchElementException:
msg = "错误：没有找到{}控件".format(text_contains)
OutputLog.output_log().error(msg)
else:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("找到了账号输入编辑框")
return pwd_edit
def input_msg(self, user_name, pwd):
"""
输入信息
:param user_name: 账号名称
:param pwd: 密码
:return:
"""
name_edit = self.user_edit()
name_edit.clear()
pwd_edit = self.pwd_edit()
pwd_edit.clear()
name_edit.send_keys(user_name)
pwd_edit.send_keys(pwd)
def find_toast(self, text="正在"):
text_1 = "//*[contains(@text,'{}')]".format(text)
toast = WebDriverWait(self.devices, 5, 0.00000001).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_xpath(text_1))
return toast.text
def login_fail(self, screenshots_nam):
"""
处理登录失败的弹窗
:param screenshots_nam: 截图保存的名称
:return:
"""
try:
WebDriverWait(self.devices, 3).\
until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('new UiSelector().textContains("密码错误")'))
except TimeoutException:
OutputLog.output_log().error("测试失败，没有找到登录失败的弹窗")
file_name = 'screenshots/' + screenshots_nam + '.png'
self.devices.get_screenshot_as_file(file_name)
return 0
else:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("出现登录失败的弹窗")
file_name = 'screenshots/' + screenshots_nam + '.png'
self.devices.get_screenshot_as_file(file_name)
self.find_el_by_text(text='确定').click()
return 1
def authorization_actions(self, screenshots_nam):
try:
WebDriverWait(self.devices, 3). \
until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('new UiSelector().textMatches("(.*)权限申请")'))
except TimeoutException:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("没有出现权限申请弹窗")
file_name = 'screenshots/' + screenshots_nam + '.png'
self.devices.get_screenshot_as_file(file_name)
else:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("权限申请提示")
file_name = 'screenshots/' + screenshots_nam + '.png'
self.devices.get_screenshot_as_file(file_name)
self.find_el_by_text(text='我知道了').click()
def phone_authorization_actions(self, screenshots_nam, action='允许'):
"""
:param screenshots_nam: 保存的截图
:param action: 允许或者拒绝
:return:
"""
try:
WebDriverWait(self.devices, 4). \
until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('new UiSelector().textMatches("(.*)电话权限")'))
except TimeoutException:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("没有出现电话权限申请弹窗")
file_name = 'screenshots/' + screenshots_nam + '.png'
self.devices.get_screenshot_as_file(file_name)
else:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("电话权限申请提示")
file_name = 'screenshots/' + screenshots_nam + '.png'
self.devices.get_screenshot_as_file(file_name)
self.find_el_by_text(text=action).click()
def sd_card_authorization_actions(self, screenshots_nam, action='允许'):
"""
:param screenshots_nam: 保存的截图
:param action: 允许或者拒绝
:return:
"""
try:
WebDriverWait(self.devices, 4). \
until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('new UiSelector().textMatches("(.*)空间权限")'))
except TimeoutException:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("没有出现空间权限申请弹窗")
file_name = 'screenshots/' + screenshots_nam + '.png'
self.devices.get_screenshot_as_file(file_name)
else:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("空间权限申请提示")
file_name = 'screenshots/' + screenshots_nam + '.png'
self.devices.get_screenshot_as_file(file_name)
self.find_el_by_text(text=action).click()

6.用例执行和报告输出

# 执行用例
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "Cc"
from InitDevices import InitDevices
from OutputLog import OutputLog
from read_msg import ReadData
from login import Login
import unittest
import time
import os
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
import HTMLReport
class LoginUnittest(unittest.TestCase):
devices_object = None
devices = None
data = None
index0 = 0
login_object = None
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""每个用例执行前，__init__都会执行一次"""
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
"""
初始化设备，读取测试数据，获取一个测试对象
:return:
"""
OutputLog.output_log().debug("==============开始测试，连接手机==============")
cls.devices_object = InitDevices('devices.yaml', 'oppo_findx_pro')
devices_info = cls.devices_object.read_devices()
cls.devices = cls.devices_object.init_devices(devices_info) # 返回设备对象
OutputLog.output_log().debug("连接成功") # 连接成功，开始操作
cls.data = ReadData("login_msg.csv").read_data() # 获取登录数据
cls.index0 = 0
cls.login_object = Login(cls.devices)
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
"""
devices.quit()
:return:
"""
# OutputLog.output_log().debug("测试结束")
# cls.devices.quit()
f = os.popen(r"adb shell dumpsys activity top | findstr ACTIVITY", "r") # 获取当前界面的Activity
current_activity = f.read()
f.close()
print(current_activity) # cmd输出结果
# 用in方法判断一个字符串是否包含某字符
appackage_name = 'com.ximalaya.ting.android'
if appackage_name in current_activity:
cls.drivers.quit()
else:
pass
def setUp(self):
"""
每个用例执行前执行，这里切换登录方式
:return:
"""
LoginUnittest.login_object.login()
time.sleep(1)
LoginUnittest.login_object.switch_to_username()
def tearDown(self):
"""
每个用例执行后执行，os.system("adb shell pm clear com.tencent.mm")，执行成功返回0
:return:
"""
time.sleep(1)
if not os.system("adb shell pm clear com.tencent.mm"):
# os.system("adb shell pm grant com.tencent.mm")
OutputLog.output_log().debug("清除应用数据")
LoginUnittest.index0 = LoginUnittest.index0 + 1
time.sleep(3)
# LoginUnittest.devices.start_activity('com.tencent.mm', '.ui.LauncherUI')
os.system('adb shell am start com.tencent.mm/.ui.LauncherUI')
else:
OutputLog.output_log().debug("清除应用数据失败")
time.sleep(2)
# 测试登录失败
def test_login_1(self):
user_name = LoginUnittest.data[LoginUnittest.index0][0]
pwd = LoginUnittest.data[LoginUnittest.index0][1]
LoginUnittest.login_object.input_msg(user_name, pwd)
msg = "登录信息" + user_name + pwd
OutputLog.output_log().debug(msg)
LoginUnittest.login_object.login() # 登录
# try:
# btn = WebDriverWait(LoginUnittest.devices, 7).\
# until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('new UiSelector().text("通讯录")'))
# except TimeoutException:
# OutputLog.output_log().debug('登录失败')
# self.assertEqual(1, 1, '登录失败')
file_name = "test_login_1" + "登录失败"
result = LoginUnittest.login_object.login_fail(file_name)
self.assertEqual(result, 1, '失败')
def test_login_2(self):
user_name = LoginUnittest.data[LoginUnittest.index0][0]
pwd = LoginUnittest.data[LoginUnittest.index0][1]
LoginUnittest.login_object.input_msg(user_name, pwd)
msg = "登录信息" + user_name + pwd
OutputLog.output_log().debug(msg)
LoginUnittest.login_object.login()
file_name_1 = 'test_login_2' + '权限申请提醒'
LoginUnittest.login_object.authorization_actions(file_name_1)
file_name_3 = 'test_login_2' + '存储权限申请提醒'
LoginUnittest.login_object.phone_authorization_actions(file_name_3)
file_name_2 = 'test_login_2' + '电话权限申请提醒'
LoginUnittest.login_object.phone_authorization_actions(file_name_2)
try:
btn = WebDriverWait(LoginUnittest.devices, 7).\
until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('new UiSelector().text("通讯录")'))
except TimeoutException:
OutputLog.output_log().debug('登录失败')
else:
self.assertEqual(btn.text, '通讯录', '测试成功')
if __name__ == '__main__':
test_suite = unittest.TestSuite()
tests = [LoginUnittest('test_login_1'), LoginUnittest('test_login_2')]
test_suite.addTests(tests)
# runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
runner = HTMLReport.TestRunner(
report_file_name="login_reports",
output_path="login_report",
title="登录功能测试报告",
description="测试登录功能",
thread_count=1,
thread_start_wait=0,
tries=0,
delay=0,
back_off=1,
retry=False,
sequential_execution=True,
lang="cn"
)
runner.run(test_suite)