sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo
sudo rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.io-2023.key
yum install fontconfig java-11-openjdk
vim /etc/profile
`
export JAVA_HOME = /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-11.0.13.0.8-4.el8_5.x86_64
export PATH = $JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
` source /etc/profile
直接安装
yum install jenkins
手动安装
rpm -ivh jenkins-2.190.3-1.1.noarch.rpm
yum remove jenkins
rm -rf /etc/sysconfig/jenkins.rpmsave
rm -rf /var/cache/jenkins/
rm -rf /etc/init.d/jenkins.rpmsave
systemctl status jenkins.service 或 journalctl -xe
systemctl start jenkins.service
systemctl stop jenkins.service
systemctl restart jenkins.service
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable jenkins
vim /etc/syscofig/jenkins
`
JENKINS_USER = "root"
JENKINS_PORT = "8888"
` vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service
`
Environment = "JENKINS_PORT=8888"
`
http://127.0.0.1:8888 /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword http://127.0.0.1:8888/restart 重启
[ root@qs ~]
Job for jenkins.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status jenkins.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[ root@qs ~]
● jenkins.service - Jenkins Continuous Integration Server
Loaded: loaded ( /usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed ( Result: exit-code) since Thu 2023 -07-20 14 :28:03 CST; 3s ago
Process: 418710 ExecStart = /usr/bin/jenkins ( code= exited, status = 1 /FAILURE)
Main PID: 418710 ( code= exited, status = 1 /FAILURE)
7 月 20 14 :28:03 renyun systemd[ 1 ] : jenkins.service: Service RestartSec = 100ms expired, scheduling restart.
7 月 20 14 :28:03 renyun systemd[ 1 ] : jenkins.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 5 .
7 月 20 14 :28:03 renyun systemd[ 1 ] : Stopped Jenkins Continuous Integration Server.
7 月 20 14 :28:03 renyun systemd[ 1 ] : jenkins.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
7 月 20 14 :28:03 renyun systemd[ 1 ] : jenkins.service: Failed with result 'exit-code' .
7 月 20 14 :28:03 renyun systemd[ 1 ] : Failed to start Jenkins Continuous Integration Server.
[ root@qs ~]
-- Support: https://access.redhat.com/support
--
-- jenkins.service 单元已结束停止操作。
7 月 20 14 :36:35 renyun systemd[ 1 ] : jenkins.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
7 月 20 14 :36:35 renyun systemd[ 1 ] : jenkins.service: Failed with result 'exit-code' .
-- Subject: Unit failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: https://access.redhat.com/support
--
-- The unit jenkins.service has entered the 'failed' state with result 'exit-code' .
7 月 20 14 :36:35 renyun systemd[ 1 ] : Failed to start Jenkins Continuous Integration Server.
-- Subject: jenkins.service 单元已失败
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: https://access.redhat.com/support
--
-- jenkins.service 单元已失败。
--
-- 结果为“failed”。
lines 3456 -3473/3473 ( END)
vim /etc/init.d/jenkins
echo $JAVA_HOME
candidates = "
/etc/alternatives/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64
/usr/lib/jvm/java-11.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-11.0/bin/java
/usr/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-11.0.13.0.8-4.el8_5.x86_64/bin/java
"
vim /etc/sysconfig/jenkins
`
JENKINS_USER = "root"
` vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service
`
User = root
Group = root
` cd /var/log
chmod 777 -R jenkins/
cp /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions /etc/init.d/
cd /etc/init.d/
./jenkins status
./jenkins stop
./jenkins start
原因是因为 systemctl 启动时调用的 jenkins.service 文件在 /usr/lib/systemd/system 目录下，无法调用 /etc/init.d/ 下的 jenkins。 所以如果遇到服务方式无法启动 jenkins，则需要修改 jenkins.service 来进行适配。
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service
`
Environment = "JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-11.0.13.0.8-4.el8_5.x86_64"
`
netstat -ntap | grep 8086
cat /etc/sysconfig/jenkins
JENKINS_PORT = "8086"
cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service
Environment = "JENKINS_PORT=8086"
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start jenkins.service
systemctl status jenkins.service
cd /var/lib/jenkins/updates
grep -oi "www.google.com" default.json
sed -i 's/http:\/\/updates.jenkinsci.org\/download/https:\/\/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/jenkins/g' default.json && sed -i 's/http:\/\/www.google.com/https:\/\/www.baidu.com/g' default.json
Dashboard > Manage Jenkins > Plugins > Advanced settings 把 Update Site 改为国内插件下载地址： 原 https://updates.jenkins.io/update-center.json 新 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/jenkins/updates/update-center.json
Dashboard > Manage Jenkins > Security
Dashboard > Manage Jenkins > Manage and Assign Roles > Manage Roles
Global roles：全局角色 Item roles：项目角色 dev.*：正则表达式匹配 dev 开头的项目。 test.*：正则表达式匹配 test 开头的项目。
Dashboard > Manage Jenkins > Jenkins’ own user database > 新建用户
Dashboard > Manage Jenkins > Manage and Assign Roles > Assign Roles
Username with password：用户名和密码。 SSH Username with private key：使用 SSH 用户和密钥。 Secret file：需要保密的文本文件，使用时 Jenkins 会将文件复制到一个临时目录中，再将文件路径设置到一个变量中，等构建结束后，所复制的 Secret file 就会被删除。 Secret text：需要保存的一个加密的文本串，如钉钉机器人或 Github 的 api token。 Certificate：通过上传证书文件的方式。
Dashboard > Manage Jenkins > Credentials > System > Global credentials (unrestricted)
yum install git -y
git --version
Started by user wy
Running as SYSTEM
Building in workspace /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/dev
The recommended git tool is: NONE
using credential 1d8dad31-e432-45b7-9aea-5482f5ab7096
Cloning the remote Git repository
Cloning repository http://192.168.31.110:85/jenkins/jenkins-admin.git
> git init /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/dev
Fetching upstream changes from http://192.168.31.110:85/jenkins/jenkins-admin.git
> git --version
> git --version
using GIT_ASKPASS to set credentials gitlab-Username
> git fetch --tags --force --progress -- http://192.168.31.110:85/jenkins/jenkins-admin.git +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
> git config remote.origin.url http://192.168.31.110:85/jenkins/jenkins-admin.git
> git config --add remote.origin.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
Avoid second fetch
> git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/master^{ commit}
Checking out Revision 7ad80d4a04677aa88db3cc47f1f41d7538085658 ( refs/remotes/origin/master)
> git config core.sparsecheckout
> git checkout -f 7ad80d4a04677aa88db3cc47f1f41d7538085658
Commit message: "初始化"
First time build. Skipping changelog.
Finished: SUCCESS
ssh-keygen -t rsa
id_rsa
id_rsa.pub
把 公钥 放在 Gitlab 中： 在 Jenkins 中配置私钥：
添加 Tomcat 用户凭证 Dashboard > Manage Jenkins > Credentials > System > Global credentials (unrestricted)
添加远程服务器 Dashboard > Manage Jenkins > System > Publish over SSH
Dashboard > Manage Jenkins > Tools > JDK 安装
tar -xzf apache-maven-3.6.2-bin.tar.gz
mkdir -p /opt/maven
mv apache-maven-3.6.2/* /opt/maven
vi /etc/profile
`
export JAVA_HOME = /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk export MAVEN_HOME = /opt/maven export PATH = $PATH :$JAVA_HOME/bin:$MAVEN_HOME/bin
` source /etc/profile
mvn -v
< localRepository> </ localRepository> < mirror> < id> </ id> < name> </ name> < url> </ url> < mirrorOf> </ mirrorOf> </ mirror>
Dashboard > Manage Jenkins > Tools > Maven > Maven 安装
yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk* -y
tar -xzf apache-tomcat-8.5.47.tar.gz
mkdir -p /opt/tomcat
mv /root/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/* /opt/tomcat
/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
http://127.0.0.1:8080/
用户及权限 /opt/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml 用户名：tomcat 密码：tomcat
< tomcat-users> < rolerolename = " tomcat" /> < rolerolename = " role1" /> < rolerolename = " manager-script" /> < rolerolename = " manager-gui" /> < rolerolename = " manager-status" /> < rolerolename = " admin-gui" /> < rolerolename = " admin-script" /> < userusername = " tomcat" password = " tomcat" roles = " manager-gui,manager-script,tomcat,admin-gui,admin-script" /> </ tomcat-users>
注释这行配置 /opt/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
访问 http://127.0.0.1:8888/manager/html
Dashboard > Manage Jenkins > Tools > NodeJS 安装
yum install epel-release
npm install -g yarn
3. PATH+EXTRA
Dashboard > Manage Jenkins > System > Environment variables JAVA_HOME M2_HOME PATH+EXTRA
Jenkins 中自动构建项目的类型有很多，常用的有以下三种： 自由风格软件项目（FreeStyle Project） Maven 项目（Maven Project） 流水线项目（Pipeline Project）
每种类型的构建其实都可以完成一样的构建过程与结果，只是在操作方式、灵活度等方面有所区别。 在实际开发中可以根据自己的需求和习惯来选择。 个人推荐使用流水线类型，因为灵活度非常高。
Dashboard > All
Dashboard > dev > Configuration > 源码管理
Dashboard > dev > Configuration > Build Steps Execute shell
echo "开始编译和打包"
mvn clean package
echo "编译和打包结束"
Dashboard > dev > Configuration > 构建后操作
Deploy war/ear to a container（Deploy to container 插件） WAR/EAR files：target/*.war 正则匹配 target 目录 Tomcat 8.x Remote：配置 Tomcat 工具
Credentials：凭证 Tomcat URL：部署
Send build artifacts over SSH（Publish Over SSH 插件） SSH Server：远程服务器 Source files：target/*.jar 正则匹配 target 目录 Remove prefix：移除 target/ 前缀 Exec command：执行的命令
echo "开始部署"
source /etc/profile
cd /root/TOOL
echo 最新构建时间 $( date ) >> build.log
echo $( date +%Y%m%d) >> build_time.log
sh start.sh
echo "结束部署"
#!/bin/bash
set -e
SERVER_ADDRESS = "192.168.1.100"
USERNAME = "your_ssh_username"
PASSWORD = "your_ssh_password"
REMOTE_PATH = "/opt/myapp/"
LOCAL_PATH = "target/myapp.jar"
echo "Copying JAR file to remote server..."
sshpass -p ${PASSWORD} scp -o StrictHostKeyChecking = no ${LOCAL_PATH} ${USERNAME} @${SERVER_ADDRESS} : ${REMOTE_PATH}
echo "Starting application on remote server..."
sshpass -p ${PASSWORD} ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking = no ${USERNAME} @${SERVER_ADDRESS} "cd ${REMOTE_PATH} && java -jar myapp.jar"
Dashboard > All（Maven Integration 插件）
Dashboard > demo_maven > Configuration > Build Root POM：指定 pom.xml 文件的路径 Goals and options：输入 Maven 命令（注意不用写 mvn）
概念：Pipeline 简单来说，就是一套运行在 Jenkins 上的工作流框架，将原来独立运行于 单个 或者 多个 节点的任务连接起来，实现 单个 任务难以完成的 复杂流程编排 和 可视化 的工作。
使用 Pipeline 有以下好处（来自官方文档）： 代码：Pipeline 以代码的形式实现，通常被检入源代码控制，使团队能够编辑，审查 和 迭代 其传送流程。 持久：无论是计划内的还是计划外的服务器重启，Pipeline 都是可恢复的。 可停止：Pipeline 可接收交互式输入，以确定是否继续执行 Pipeline。 多功能：Pipeline 支持现实世界中复杂的持续交付要求。它支持 fork/join、循环执行，并行执行任务的功能。 可扩展：Pipeline 插件支持其 DSL 的自定义扩展 ，以及与其他插件集成的多个选项。
Pipeline 脚本是由 Groovy 语言实现的，但是我们没必要单独去学习 Groovy。 Pipeline 支持两种语法：
Declarative(声明式语法)。 Scripted Pipeline(脚本式语法)。
Pipeline 也有两种创建方法：
可以直接在 Jenkins 的 Web UI 界面中输入脚本。 也可以通过创建一个 Jenkinsfile 脚本文件放入项目源码库中。
Dashboard > All（Pipeline 插件）
Dashboard > demo_pipeline > Configuration > 流水线 Pipeline script > Hello World
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage ( 'Hello' ) {
steps {
echo 'Hello World'
}
}
}
}
Pipeline script > Hello World
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage ( '拉取代码' ) {
steps {
echo '拉取代码'
}
}
stage ( '编译构建' ) {
steps {
echo '编译构建'
}
}
stage ( '项目部署' ) {
steps {
echo '项目部署'
}
}
}
}
Dashboard > demo_pipeline > #3 > 流水线步骤 显示没步的耗时。
Pipeline script > Scripted Pipeline
node {
def mvnHome
stage ( '拉取代码' ) {
echo '拉取代码'
}
stage ( '编译构建' ) {
echo '编译构建'
}
stage ( '项目部署' ) {
echo '项目部署'
}
}
Dashboard > demo_pipeline > 流水线语法 checkout: Check out from version control
War checkout scmGit ( branches: [
[ name: '*/master' ]
] , extensions: [ ] , userRemoteConfigs: [
[ credentialsId: '7b1fce0d-30ea-4351-badc-5fa8751c2c06' , url: 'git@192.168.31.110:jenkins/jenkins-admin.git' ]
] )
Jar checkout scmGit ( branches: [
[ name: '*/master' ]
] , extensions: [ ] , userRemoteConfigs: [
[ credentialsId: '7b1fce0d-30ea-4351-badc-5fa8751c2c06' , url: 'git@192.168.31.110:jenkins/jenkins-jar.git' ]
] )
Web checkout scmGit ( branches: [
[ name: '*/master' ]
] , extensions: [ ] , userRemoteConfigs: [
[ credentialsId: '7b1fce0d-30ea-4351-badc-5fa8751c2c06' , url: 'git@192.168.31.110:jenkins/jenkins-web.git' ]
] )
Dashboard > demo_pipeline > 流水线语法 sh: Shell Script
War、Jar sh 'mvn clean package'
Web sh '''yarn install
yarn build'''
Dashboard > demo_pipeline > 流水线语法 deploy: Deploy war/ear to a container Add Container：可以配置多个容器（集群部署）。
deploy adapters: [ tomcat8 ( credentialsId: '49532328-b2d0-4b35-b11b-069916f89d4d' , path: '' , url: 'http://192.168.31.17:8888/' ) ] , contextPath: null, war: 'target/*.war'
Dashboard > demo_pipeline > 流水线语法 sshPublisher: Send build artifacts over SSH
sshPublisher ( publishers: [
sshPublisherDesc ( configName: 'master_server' ,
transfers: [
sshTransfer ( cleanRemote: false , excludes: '' ,
execCommand:
'''echo "开始部署"
source /etc/profile
cd /root/TOOL
echo 最新构建时间 $(date) >> build.log
echo $(date +%Y%m%d) >> build_time.log
sh start.sh
echo "结束部署" ''' ,
execTimeout: 120000 , flatten: false , makeEmptyDirs: false , noDefaultExcludes: false , patternSeparator: '[, ]+' , remoteDirectory: '' , remoteDirectorySDF: false ,
removePrefix: 'target/' , sourceFiles: 'target/*.jar'
)
] ,
usePromotionTimestamp: false , useWorkspaceInPromotion: false , verbose: false
) ]
)
Dashboard > demo_pipeline > 流水线语法 sshPublisher: Send build artifacts over SSH
sshPublisher ( publishers: [
sshPublisherDesc ( configName: 'master_server' ,
transfers: [
sshTransfer ( cleanRemote: false , excludes: '' , execCommand: '' , execTimeout: 120000 , flatten: false , makeEmptyDirs: false , noDefaultExcludes: false , patternSeparator: '[, ]+' ,
remoteDirectory: '/usr/share/nginx/html' , remoteDirectorySDF: false ,
removePrefix: 'dist' , sourceFiles: 'dist/**'
)
] ,
usePromotionTimestamp: false , useWorkspaceInPromotion: false , verbose: false
)
] )
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage ( '拉取代码' ) {
steps {
checkout ( [ $ class : 'GitSCM' , branches: [
[ name: '*/master' ]
] , doGenerateSubmoduleConfigurations: false , extensions: [ ] , submoduleCfg: [ ] , userRemoteConfigs: [
[ credentialsId: '7b1fce0d-30ea-4351-badc-5fa8751c2c06' , url: 'git@192.168.31.110:jenkins/jenkins-admin.git' ]
] ] )
}
}
stage ( '编译构建' ) {
steps {
sh label: '' , script: 'mvn clean package'
}
}
stage ( '项目部署' ) {
steps {
deploy adapters: [ tomcat8 ( credentialsId: 'afc43e5e-4a4e-4de6-984f- b1d5a254e434' , path: '' , url: 'http://192.168.31.17:8888' ) ] , contextPath: null, war: 'target/*.war'
}
}
}
}
War node {
def mvnHome
stage ( '拉取代码' ) {
echo '拉取代码'
checkout scmGit ( branches: [
[ name: '*/master' ]
] , extensions: [ ] , userRemoteConfigs: [
[ credentialsId: '7b1fce0d-30ea-4351-badc-5fa8751c2c06' , url: 'git@192.168.31.110:jenkins/jenkins-admin.git' ]
] )
}
stage ( '编译构建' ) {
echo '编译构建'
sh 'mvn clean package'
}
stage ( '项目部署' ) {
echo '项目部署'
deploy adapters: [ tomcat8 ( credentialsId: '49532328-b2d0-4b35-b11b-069916f89d4d' , path: '' , url: 'http://192.168.31.17:8888/' ) ] , contextPath: null, war: 'target/*.war'
}
}
Jar node {
def mvnHome
stage ( '拉取代码' ) {
echo '拉取代码'
checkout scmGit ( branches: [
[ name: '*/master' ]
] , extensions: [ ] , userRemoteConfigs: [
[ credentialsId: '7b1fce0d-30ea-4351-badc-5fa8751c2c06' , url: 'git@192.168.31.110:jenkins/jenkins-jar.git' ]
] )
}
stage ( '编译构建' ) {
echo '编译构建'
sh 'mvn clean package'
}
stage ( '项目部署' ) {
echo '项目部署'
sshPublisher ( publishers: [
sshPublisherDesc ( configName: 'master_server' ,
transfers: [
sshTransfer ( cleanRemote: false , excludes: '' ,
execCommand:
'''echo "开始部署"
source /etc/profile
cd /root/TOOL
echo 最新构建时间 $(date) >> build.log
echo $(date +%Y%m%d) >> build_time.log
sh start.sh
echo "结束部署" ''' ,
execTimeout: 120000 , flatten: false , makeEmptyDirs: false , noDefaultExcludes: false , patternSeparator: '[, ]+' , remoteDirectory: '' , remoteDirectorySDF: false ,
removePrefix: 'target/' , sourceFiles: 'target/*.jar'
)
] ,
usePromotionTimestamp: false , useWorkspaceInPromotion: false , verbose: false
) ]
)
}
}
上面直接在 Jenkins 的 UI 界面编写 Pipeline 代码，这样不方便脚本维护，建议把 Pipeline 脚本放在项目中（一起进行版本控制）。
把 Jenkinsfile 上传到 Gitlab
Dashboard > demo_pipeline > Configuration > 流水线 Pipeline script from SCM
Dashboard > demo_pipeline > #5 > 流水线步骤
