身为k8s初学者，在掌握k8s理论知识的同时，也需要掌握一下实际部署k8s的过程，对于理论的学习起到一定的帮助作用。罗列了一下相关步骤，请各位参考：
一、环境准备
三台虚机：
操作系统： CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
内核版本：3.10.0-1160.88.1.el7.x86_64
k8s-master01: 192.168.66.200
k8s-master02: 192.168.66.201
k8s-node01: 192.168.66.250
本次安装k8s 1.18.20版本
二、服务器初始化配置
服务器初始化配置可以参考原先我写的1.15.0版本部署方案
K8s 1.15.0 版本部署安装_好好学习之乘风破浪的博客-CSDN博客
三、安装docker
3.1、安装指定的Docker版本
yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
yum install -y containerd.io-1.6.18 docker-ce-23.0.1 docker-ce-cli-23.0.1
3.2、创建docker daemon.json文件
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2",
"storage-opts": [
"overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
]
}
EOF
3.3 启动docker
systemctl enable docker; systemctl start docker;systemctl status docker
3.4 查看安装后的docker版本
docker --version四、安装软件包
4.1、安装软件
yum install -y kubelet-1.18.20 kubeadm-1.18.20 kubectl-1.18.20 ipvsadm
4.2、配置kubelet
cat > /etc/sysconfig/kubelet <<EOF
KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--fail-swap-on=false"
EOF
4.3、启动kubelet并设置开机启动
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
4.4、检查版本
kubeadm version
确认是所安装的版本五、部署集群
以下操作在k8s-master01节点上操作
5.1 、生成初始化配置
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml
5.1 、生成初始化配置
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat kubeadm.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 192.168.66.200 ####需要修改为k8s-master01的地址
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
name: k8s-master01 ####需要修改为k8s-master01的主机名
taints:
- effect: NoSchedule
key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns:
type: CoreDNS
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: k8s.gcr.io
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.18.20 ####需要修改为v1.18.20
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 ####保持默认
podSubnet: 10.2.0.0/16 ####新增
scheduler: {}
--- ####新增
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1 ####新增
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration ####新增
mode: ipvs ####新增5.2 、执行初始化配置
kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml
成功会显示如下信息
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.66.200:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8ba059662766394bbc081324dfba0bc6a1360687f99e93a1b5c7c3a1e6d53097
5.3 按照要求执行生成文件
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
5.4 查看组件状态
kubectl get cs
该状态其实不影响整个集群使用，是因为默认的kube-scheduler.yaml和kube-controller-manager.yaml 中默认使用了10251和10252的端口。可以将对应的配置文件中- --port=0 给注释掉
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# sed -i 's/- --port=0/#&/' /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# sed -i 's/- --port=0/#&/' /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# systemctl restart kubelet
5.5、部署flannel组件
mirrors / coreos / flannel · GitCode
可以自行去github,找到 flannel/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml 路径，拷贝出代码，新建文件上传，然后修改为.yml
# vi kube-flannel.yml
将
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.2.0.0/16", ####修改为podsubnet地址段
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
（注：镜像路径可以不用修改）
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat kube-flannel.yml
---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel
labels:
pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
- apiGroups:
- "networking.k8s.io"
resources:
- clustercidrs
verbs:
- list
- watch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-flannel
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.2.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds
namespace: kube-flannel
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
hostNetwork: true
priorityClassName: system-node-critical
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni-plugin
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.2
#image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.2
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /flannel
- /opt/cni/bin/flannel
volumeMounts:
- name: cni-plugin
mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
- name: install-cni
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.21.3
#image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.21.3
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.21.3
#image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.21.3
#image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.21.3
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
value: "5000"
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- name: xtables-lock
mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni-plugin
hostPath:
path: /opt/cni/bin
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
- name: xtables-lock
hostPath:
path: /run/xtables.lock
type: FileOrCreate
应用flannel组件
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
查询flannel的pod信息
kubectl get pod -n kube-flannel
查看pod和node节点
kubectl get pod -n kube-system
kubectl get node
六、部署node节点
将k8s-node01节点添加到集群中
kubeadm join 192.168.66.200:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8ba059662766394bbc081324dfba0bc6a1360687f99e93a1b5c7c3a1e6d53097
查询node节点情况
登录master01节点检查所有组件运行情况
kubectl get pod -A -owide
