大家好啊，今天就来跟大家分享一下Python Pyglet的实战样例吧。
一.导入所需模块
1.导入__future__模块
首先，我们需要导入__future__模块中的division变量，此变量在__future__.py中的定义如下：
division = _Feature((2, 2, 0, "alpha", 2),
(3, 0, 0, "alpha", 0),
CO_FUTURE_DIVISION)导入方法如下：
from __future__ import division2.导入基本模块
我们需要导入一些基本模块：sys（用于退出游戏）、random（随机生成迷宫）、math（进行运算）、time（进行基础的时间设置）：
import sys
import math
import random
import time3.导入deque队列
在这个项目中我们需要使用deque队列，所以我们需要导入deque队列：
from collections import deque4.导入pyglet模块
我们需要使用pyglet模块进行绘制、检测按键等，所以需要导入pyglet模块：
from pyglet import image
from pyglet.gl import *
from pyglet.graphics import TextureGroup
from pyglet.window import key, mouse5.导入Enum变量
我们现在需要从enum.py中导入Enum变量，Enum变量在enum.py中的定义方法如下：
Enum = Flag = EJECT = _stdlib_enums = ReprEnum = None导入方法如下：
from enum import Enum二.定义基础常量
我们需要定义帧率、重力、方块大小、最大跳跃高度等常量：
TICKS_PER_SEC = 60
SIZEG = 10
SECTOR_SIZE = 16
WALKING_SPEED = 4
FLYING_SPEED = 15
GRAVITY = 20.0
MAX_JUMP_HEIGHT = 1.125
JUMP_SPEED = math.sqrt(2 * GRAVITY * MAX_JUMP_HEIGHT)
TERMINAL_VELOCITY = 50
PLAYER_HEIGHT = 2
if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
xrange = range三.随机创建地图
随机地图算法的代码：
class MAP_ENTRY_TYPE(Enum):
MAP_EMPTY = 0,
MAP_BLOCK = 1,
class WALL_DIRECTION(Enum):
WALL_LEFT = 0,
WALL_UP = 1,
WALL_RIGHT = 2,
WALL_DOWN = 3,
class Map():
def __init__(self, width, height):
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)]
def resetMap(self, value):
for y in range(self.height):
for x in range(self.width):
self.setMap(x, y, value)
def setMap(self, x, y, value):
if value == MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY:
self.map[y][x] = 0
elif value == MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_BLOCK:
self.map[y][x] = 1
def isVisited(self, x, y):
return self.map[y][x] != 1
def checkAdjacentPos(map, x, y, width, height, checklist):
directions = []
if x > 0:
if not map.isVisited(2*(x-1)+1, 2*y+1):
directions.append(WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_LEFT)
if y > 0:
if not map.isVisited(2*x+1, 2*(y-1)+1):
directions.append(WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_UP)
if x < width - 1:
if not map.isVisited(2*(x+1)+1, 2*y+1):
directions.append(WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_RIGHT)
if y < height - 1:
if not map.isVisited(2*x+1, 2*(y+1)+1):
directions.append(WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_DOWN)
if len(directions):
direction = random.choice(directions)
if direction == WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_LEFT:
map.setMap(2*(x-1)+1, 2*y+1, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
map.setMap(2*x, 2*y+1, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
checklist.append((x-1, y))
elif direction == WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_UP:
map.setMap(2*x+1, 2*(y-1)+1, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
map.setMap(2*x+1, 2*y, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
checklist.append((x, y-1))
elif direction == WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_RIGHT:
map.setMap(2*(x+1)+1, 2*y+1, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
map.setMap(2*x+2, 2*y+1, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
checklist.append((x+1, y))
elif direction == WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_DOWN:
map.setMap(2*x+1, 2*(y+1)+1, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
map.setMap(2*x+1, 2*y+2, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
checklist.append((x, y+1))
return True
else:
return False
def randomPrim(map, width, height):
checklist = []
checklist.append((random.randint(0, width-1), random.randint(0, height-1)))
while len(checklist):
entry = random.choice(checklist)
if not checkAdjacentPos(map, entry[0], entry[1], width, height, checklist):
checklist.remove(entry)
def doRandomPrim(map):
map.resetMap(MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_BLOCK)
randomPrim(map, (map.width-1)//2, (map.height-1)//2)四.创建方块
我们在这个游戏中使用方块作为墙壁，方块的贴图放在文章顶部，注意这里的路径要改成自己图片的路径：
def cube_vertices(x, y, z, n):
return [
x-n, y+n, z-n, x-n, y+n, z+n, x+n, y+n, z+n, x+n, y+n, z-n, # top
x-n, y-n, z-n, x+n, y-n, z-n, x+n, y-n, z+n, x-n, y-n, z+n, # bottom
x-n, y-n, z-n, x-n, y-n, z+n, x-n, y+n, z+n, x-n, y+n, z-n, # left
x+n, y-n, z+n, x+n, y-n, z-n, x+n, y+n, z-n, x+n, y+n, z+n, # right
x-n, y-n, z+n, x+n, y-n, z+n, x+n, y+n, z+n, x-n, y+n, z+n, # front
x+n, y-n, z-n, x-n, y-n, z-n, x-n, y+n, z-n, x+n, y+n, z-n, # back
]
def tex_coord(x, y, n=4):
m = 1.0 / n
dx = x * m
dy = y * m
return dx, dy, dx + m, dy, dx + m, dy + m, dx, dy + m
def tex_coords(top, bottom, side):
top = tex_coord(*top)
bottom = tex_coord(*bottom)
side = tex_coord(*side)
result = []
result.extend(top)
result.extend(bottom)
result.extend(side * 4)
return result
TEXTURE_PATH = 'D:\\Users\\shen jia qi\\Desktop\\python资源\\游戏\\Python+PyGlet制作迷宫\\texture.png'
GRASS = tex_coords((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0))
STONE = tex_coords((2, 1), (2, 1), (2, 1))
GREEN = tex_coords((0, 1), (0, 1), (0, 1))
FACES = [
(0, 1, 0),
(0, -1, 0),
(-1, 0, 0),
(1, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 1),
(0, 0, -1),
]
def normalize(position):
x, y, z = position
x, y, z = (int(round(x)), int(round(y)), int(round(z)))
return (x, y, z)
def sectorize(position):
x, y, z = normalize(position)
x, y, z = x // SECTOR_SIZE, y // SECTOR_SIZE, z // SECTOR_SIZE
return (x, 0, z)
class Model(object):
def __init__(self):
self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
self.group = TextureGroup(image.load(TEXTURE_PATH).get_texture())
self.world = {}
self.shown = {}
self._shown = {}
self.sectors = {}
self.queue = deque()
self._initialize()
def _initialize(self):
n = SIZEG
s = 1
y = 0
for x in xrange(-n, n + 1, s):
for z in xrange(-n, n + 1, s):
self.add_block((x, y - 2, z), GRASS, immediate=False)
map = Map(n*2+1, n*2+1)
doRandomPrim(map)
for row in xrange(len(map.map)):
for entry in xrange(len(map.map[row])):
if map.map[row][entry] == 1:
self.add_block((-n+row, -1, -n+entry),
STONE, immediate=False)
self.add_block((-n+row, 0, -n+entry),
STONE, immediate=False)
self.add_block((-n+row, 1, -n+entry),
STONE, immediate=False)
def hit_test(self, position, vector, max_distance=8):
m = 8
x, y, z = position
dx, dy, dz = vector
previous = None
for _ in xrange(max_distance * m):
key = normalize((x, y, z))
if key != previous and key in self.world:
return key, previous
previous = key
x, y, z = x + dx / m, y + dy / m, z + dz / m
return None, None
def exposed(self, position):
x, y, z = position
for dx, dy, dz in FACES:
if (x + dx, y + dy, z + dz) not in self.world:
return True
return False
def add_block(self, position, texture, immediate=True):
if position in self.world:
self.remove_block(position, immediate)
self.world[position] = texture
self.sectors.setdefault(sectorize(position), []).append(position)
if immediate:
if self.exposed(position):
self.show_block(position)
self.check_neighbors(position)
def remove_block(self, position, immediate=True):
del self.world[position]
self.sectors[sectorize(position)].remove(position)
if immediate:
if position in self.shown:
self.hide_block(position)
self.check_neighbors(position)
def check_neighbors(self, position):
x, y, z = position
for dx, dy, dz in FACES:
key = (x + dx, y + dy, z + dz)
if key not in self.world:
continue
if self.exposed(key):
if key not in self.shown:
self.show_block(key)
else:
if key in self.shown:
self.hide_block(key)
def show_block(self, position, immediate=True):
texture = self.world[position]
self.shown[position] = texture
if immediate:
self._show_block(position, texture)
else:
self._enqueue(self._show_block, position, texture)
def _show_block(self, position, texture):
x, y, z = position
vertex_data = cube_vertices(x, y, z, 0.5)
texture_data = list(texture)
self._shown[position] = self.batch.add(24, GL_QUADS, self.group,
('v3f/static', vertex_data),
('t2f/static', texture_data))
def hide_block(self, position, immediate=True):
self.shown.pop(position)
if immediate:
self._hide_block(position)
else:
self._enqueue(self._hide_block, position)
def _hide_block(self, position):
self._shown.pop(position).delete()
def show_sector(self, sector):
for position in self.sectors.get(sector, []):
if position not in self.shown and self.exposed(position):
self.show_block(position, False)
def hide_sector(self, sector):
for position in self.sectors.get(sector, []):
if position in self.shown:
self.hide_block(position, False)
def change_sectors(self, before, after):
before_set = set()
after_set = set()
pad = 4
for dx in xrange(-pad, pad + 1):
for dy in [0]:
for dz in xrange(-pad, pad + 1):
if dx ** 2 + dy ** 2 + dz ** 2 > (pad + 1) ** 2:
continue
if before:
x, y, z = before
before_set.add((x + dx, y + dy, z + dz))
if after:
x, y, z = after
after_set.add((x + dx, y + dy, z + dz))
show = after_set - before_set
hide = before_set - after_set
for sector in show:
self.show_sector(sector)
for sector in hide:
self.hide_sector(sector)
def _enqueue(self, func, *args):
self.queue.append((func, args))
def _dequeue(self):
func, args = self.queue.popleft()
func(*args)
def process_queue(self):
start = time.perf_counter()
while self.queue and time.perf_counter() - start < 1.0 / TICKS_PER_SEC:
self._dequeue()
def process_entire_queue(self):
while self.queue:
self._dequeue()五.创建窗口
我们现在就需要创建窗口了：
class Window(pyglet.window.Window):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(Window, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.exclusive = False
self.flying = False
self.strafe = [0, 0]
self.position = (0, 0, 0)
self.rotation = (0, 0)
self.sector = None
self.reticle = None
self.dy = 0
self.num_keys = [
key._1, key._2, key._3, key._4, key._5,
key._6, key._7, key._8, key._9, key._0]
self.model = Model()
self.enderx = random.randint(-SIZEG, SIZEG)
self.enderz = random.randint(-SIZEG, SIZEG)
if (0, 0, 0) in self.model.world:
self.model.remove_block((0, -1, 0), immediate=False)
self.model.remove_block((0, 0, 0), immediate=False)
self.model.remove_block((0, 1, 0), immediate=False)
if (self.enderx, 0, self.enderz) in self.model.world:
self.model.remove_block(
(self.enderx, -1, self.enderz), immediate=False)
self.model.remove_block(
(self.enderx, 0, self.enderz), immediate=False)
self.model.remove_block(
(self.enderx, 1, self.enderz), immediate=False)
self.model.add_block((self.enderx, -1, self.enderz),
GREEN, immediate=False)
self.label = pyglet.text.Label('', font_name='Arial', font_size=18,
x=10, y=self.height - 10, anchor_x='left', anchor_y='top',
color=(0, 0, 0, 255))
pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(self.update, 1.0 / TICKS_PER_SEC)
def set_exclusive_mouse(self, exclusive):
super(Window, self).set_exclusive_mouse(exclusive)
self.exclusive = exclusive
def get_sight_vector(self):
x, y = self.rotation
m = math.cos(math.radians(y))
dy = math.sin(math.radians(y))
dx = math.cos(math.radians(x - 90)) * m
dz = math.sin(math.radians(x - 90)) * m
return (dx, dy, dz)
def get_motion_vector(self):
if any(self.strafe):
x, y = self.rotation
strafe = math.degrees(math.atan2(*self.strafe))
y_angle = math.radians(y)
x_angle = math.radians(x + strafe)
if self.flying:
m = math.cos(y_angle)
dy = math.sin(y_angle)
if self.strafe[1]:
dy = 0.0
m = 1
if self.strafe[0] > 0:
dy *= -1
dx = math.cos(x_angle) * m
dz = math.sin(x_angle) * m
else:
dy = 0.0
dx = math.cos(x_angle)
dz = math.sin(x_angle)
else:
dy = 0.0
dx = 0.0
dz = 0.0
return (dx, dy, dz)
def update(self, dt):
self.model.process_queue()
sector = sectorize(self.position)
if sector != self.sector:
self.model.change_sectors(self.sector, sector)
if self.sector is None:
self.model.process_entire_queue()
self.sector = sector
m = 8
dt = min(dt, 0.2)
for _ in xrange(m):
self._update(dt / m)
def _update(self, dt):
speed = FLYING_SPEED if self.flying else WALKING_SPEED
d = dt * speed
dx, dy, dz = self.get_motion_vector()
dx, dy, dz = dx * d, dy * d, dz * d
if not self.flying:
self.dy -= dt * GRAVITY
self.dy = max(self.dy, -TERMINAL_VELOCITY)
dy += self.dy * dt
x, y, z = self.position
x, y, z = self.collide((x + dx, y + dy, z + dz), PLAYER_HEIGHT)
self.position = (x, y, z)
def collide(self, position, height):
pad = 0.25
p = list(position)
np = normalize(position)
for face in FACES: # check all surrounding blocks
for i in xrange(3): # check each dimension independently
if not face[i]:
continue
d = (p[i] - np[i]) * face[i]
if d < pad:
continue
for dy in xrange(height): # check each height
op = list(np)
op[1] -= dy
op[i] += face[i]
if tuple(op) not in self.model.world:
continue
p[i] -= (d - pad) * face[i]
if face == (0, -1, 0) or face == (0, 1, 0):
self.dy = 0
break
return tuple(p)
def on_mouse_press(self, x, y, button, modifiers):
if self.exclusive:
vector = self.get_sight_vector()
block, previous = self.model.hit_test(self.position, vector)
if button == pyglet.window.mouse.LEFT and block:
texture = self.model.world[block]
if texture == GREEN:
self.label.text = "你赢了!"
self.flying = True
else:
self.set_exclusive_mouse(True)
def on_mouse_motion(self, x, y, dx, dy):
if self.exclusive:
m = 0.15
x, y = self.rotation
x, y = x + dx * m, y + dy * m
y = max(-90, min(90, y))
self.rotation = (x, y)
def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifiers):
if symbol == key.W:
self.strafe[0] -= 1
elif symbol == key.S:
self.strafe[0] += 1
elif symbol == key.A:
self.strafe[1] -= 1
elif symbol == key.D:
self.strafe[1] += 1
elif symbol == key.SPACE:
if self.dy == 0:
self.dy = JUMP_SPEED
elif symbol == key.ESCAPE:
self.set_exclusive_mouse(False)
def on_key_release(self, symbol, modifiers):
if symbol == key.W:
self.strafe[0] += 1
elif symbol == key.S:
self.strafe[0] -= 1
elif symbol == key.A:
self.strafe[1] += 1
elif symbol == key.D:
self.strafe[1] -= 1
def on_resize(self, width, height):
self.label.y = height - 10
if self.reticle:
self.reticle.delete()
x, y = self.width // 2, self.height // 2
n = 10
self.reticle = pyglet.graphics.vertex_list(4,
('v2i', (x - n, y, x + n,
y, x, y - n, x, y + n))
)
def set_2d(self):
width, height = self.get_size()
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
viewport = self.get_viewport_size()
glViewport(0, 0, max(1, viewport[0]), max(1, viewport[1]))
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
glOrtho(0, max(1, width), 0, max(1, height), -1, 1)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadIdentity()
def set_3d(self):
width, height = self.get_size()
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
viewport = self.get_viewport_size()
glViewport(0, 0, max(1, viewport[0]), max(1, viewport[1]))
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
gluPerspective(65.0, width / float(height), 0.1, 60.0)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadIdentity()
x, y = self.rotation
glRotatef(x, 0, 1, 0)
glRotatef(-y, math.cos(math.radians(x)), 0, math.sin(math.radians(x)))
x, y, z = self.position
glTranslatef(-x, -y, -z)
def on_draw(self):
self.clear()
self.set_3d()
glColor3d(1, 1, 1)
self.model.batch.draw()
self.draw_focused_block()
self.set_2d()
self.draw_label()
self.draw_reticle()
def draw_focused_block(self):
vector = self.get_sight_vector()
block = self.model.hit_test(self.position, vector)[0]
if block:
x, y, z = block
vertex_data = cube_vertices(x, y, z, 0.51)
glColor3d(0, 0, 0)
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE)
pyglet.graphics.draw(24, GL_QUADS, ('v3f/static', vertex_data))
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL)
def draw_label(self):
x, y, z = self.position
if self.label.text != "你赢了!":
self.label.text = '当前坐标:(%.1f, %.1f), 目标:(%.1f, %.1f)' % (
x, z, self.enderx, self.enderz)
self.label.draw()
def draw_reticle(self):
glColor3d(0, 0, 0)
self.reticle.draw(GL_LINES)六.设置函数并调用类
最后就是调用了：
def setup_fog():
glEnable(GL_FOG)
glFogfv(GL_FOG_COLOR, (GLfloat * 4)(1.0, 1.0, 0.8, 1))
glHint(GL_FOG_HINT, GL_DONT_CARE)
glFogi(GL_FOG_MODE, GL_LINEAR)
glFogf(GL_FOG_START, 30.0)
glFogf(GL_FOG_END, 60.0)
def setup():
glClearColor(1.0, 1.0, 0.8, 1)
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST)
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST)
setup_fog()
def main():
window = Window(width=800, height=600,
caption='Zifan-Python-Maze', resizable=True)
window.set_exclusive_mouse(True)
setup()
pyglet.app.run()七.最终程序
程序：
from __future__ import division
import sys
import math
import random
import time
from collections import deque
from pyglet import image
from pyglet.gl import *
from pyglet.graphics import TextureGroup
from pyglet.window import key, mouse
from enum import Enum
TICKS_PER_SEC = 60
SIZEG = 10
SECTOR_SIZE = 16
WALKING_SPEED = 4
FLYING_SPEED = 15
GRAVITY = 20.0
MAX_JUMP_HEIGHT = 1.125
JUMP_SPEED = math.sqrt(2 * GRAVITY * MAX_JUMP_HEIGHT)
TERMINAL_VELOCITY = 50
PLAYER_HEIGHT = 2
if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
xrange = range
class MAP_ENTRY_TYPE(Enum):
MAP_EMPTY = 0,
MAP_BLOCK = 1,
class WALL_DIRECTION(Enum):
WALL_LEFT = 0,
WALL_UP = 1,
WALL_RIGHT = 2,
WALL_DOWN = 3,
class Map():
def __init__(self, width, height):
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)]
def resetMap(self, value):
for y in range(self.height):
for x in range(self.width):
self.setMap(x, y, value)
def setMap(self, x, y, value):
if value == MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY:
self.map[y][x] = 0
elif value == MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_BLOCK:
self.map[y][x] = 1
def isVisited(self, x, y):
return self.map[y][x] != 1
def checkAdjacentPos(map, x, y, width, height, checklist):
directions = []
if x > 0:
if not map.isVisited(2*(x-1)+1, 2*y+1):
directions.append(WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_LEFT)
if y > 0:
if not map.isVisited(2*x+1, 2*(y-1)+1):
directions.append(WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_UP)
if x < width - 1:
if not map.isVisited(2*(x+1)+1, 2*y+1):
directions.append(WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_RIGHT)
if y < height - 1:
if not map.isVisited(2*x+1, 2*(y+1)+1):
directions.append(WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_DOWN)
if len(directions):
direction = random.choice(directions)
if direction == WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_LEFT:
map.setMap(2*(x-1)+1, 2*y+1, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
map.setMap(2*x, 2*y+1, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
checklist.append((x-1, y))
elif direction == WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_UP:
map.setMap(2*x+1, 2*(y-1)+1, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
map.setMap(2*x+1, 2*y, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
checklist.append((x, y-1))
elif direction == WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_RIGHT:
map.setMap(2*(x+1)+1, 2*y+1, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
map.setMap(2*x+2, 2*y+1, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
checklist.append((x+1, y))
elif direction == WALL_DIRECTION.WALL_DOWN:
map.setMap(2*x+1, 2*(y+1)+1, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
map.setMap(2*x+1, 2*y+2, MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_EMPTY)
checklist.append((x, y+1))
return True
else:
return False
def randomPrim(map, width, height):
checklist = []
checklist.append((random.randint(0, width-1), random.randint(0, height-1)))
while len(checklist):
entry = random.choice(checklist)
if not checkAdjacentPos(map, entry[0], entry[1], width, height, checklist):
checklist.remove(entry)
def doRandomPrim(map):
map.resetMap(MAP_ENTRY_TYPE.MAP_BLOCK)
randomPrim(map, (map.width-1)//2, (map.height-1)//2)
def cube_vertices(x, y, z, n):
return [
x-n, y+n, z-n, x-n, y+n, z+n, x+n, y+n, z+n, x+n, y+n, z-n, # top
x-n, y-n, z-n, x+n, y-n, z-n, x+n, y-n, z+n, x-n, y-n, z+n, # bottom
x-n, y-n, z-n, x-n, y-n, z+n, x-n, y+n, z+n, x-n, y+n, z-n, # left
x+n, y-n, z+n, x+n, y-n, z-n, x+n, y+n, z-n, x+n, y+n, z+n, # right
x-n, y-n, z+n, x+n, y-n, z+n, x+n, y+n, z+n, x-n, y+n, z+n, # front
x+n, y-n, z-n, x-n, y-n, z-n, x-n, y+n, z-n, x+n, y+n, z-n, # back
]
def tex_coord(x, y, n=4):
m = 1.0 / n
dx = x * m
dy = y * m
return dx, dy, dx + m, dy, dx + m, dy + m, dx, dy + m
def tex_coords(top, bottom, side):
top = tex_coord(*top)
bottom = tex_coord(*bottom)
side = tex_coord(*side)
result = []
result.extend(top)
result.extend(bottom)
result.extend(side * 4)
return result
TEXTURE_PATH = 'D:\\Users\\shen jia qi\\Desktop\\python资源\\游戏\\Python+PyGlet制作迷宫\\texture.png'
GRASS = tex_coords((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0))
STONE = tex_coords((2, 1), (2, 1), (2, 1))
GREEN = tex_coords((0, 1), (0, 1), (0, 1))
FACES = [
(0, 1, 0),
(0, -1, 0),
(-1, 0, 0),
(1, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 1),
(0, 0, -1),
]
def normalize(position):
x, y, z = position
x, y, z = (int(round(x)), int(round(y)), int(round(z)))
return (x, y, z)
def sectorize(position):
x, y, z = normalize(position)
x, y, z = x // SECTOR_SIZE, y // SECTOR_SIZE, z // SECTOR_SIZE
return (x, 0, z)
class Model(object):
def __init__(self):
self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
self.group = TextureGroup(image.load(TEXTURE_PATH).get_texture())
self.world = {}
self.shown = {}
self._shown = {}
self.sectors = {}
self.queue = deque()
self._initialize()
def _initialize(self):
n = SIZEG
s = 1
y = 0
for x in xrange(-n, n + 1, s):
for z in xrange(-n, n + 1, s):
self.add_block((x, y - 2, z), GRASS, immediate=False)
map = Map(n*2+1, n*2+1)
doRandomPrim(map)
for row in xrange(len(map.map)):
for entry in xrange(len(map.map[row])):
if map.map[row][entry] == 1:
self.add_block((-n+row, -1, -n+entry),
STONE, immediate=False)
self.add_block((-n+row, 0, -n+entry),
STONE, immediate=False)
self.add_block((-n+row, 1, -n+entry),
STONE, immediate=False)
def hit_test(self, position, vector, max_distance=8):
m = 8
x, y, z = position
dx, dy, dz = vector
previous = None
for _ in xrange(max_distance * m):
key = normalize((x, y, z))
if key != previous and key in self.world:
return key, previous
previous = key
x, y, z = x + dx / m, y + dy / m, z + dz / m
return None, None
def exposed(self, position):
x, y, z = position
for dx, dy, dz in FACES:
if (x + dx, y + dy, z + dz) not in self.world:
return True
return False
def add_block(self, position, texture, immediate=True):
if position in self.world:
self.remove_block(position, immediate)
self.world[position] = texture
self.sectors.setdefault(sectorize(position), []).append(position)
if immediate:
if self.exposed(position):
self.show_block(position)
self.check_neighbors(position)
def remove_block(self, position, immediate=True):
del self.world[position]
self.sectors[sectorize(position)].remove(position)
if immediate:
if position in self.shown:
self.hide_block(position)
self.check_neighbors(position)
def check_neighbors(self, position):
x, y, z = position
for dx, dy, dz in FACES:
key = (x + dx, y + dy, z + dz)
if key not in self.world:
continue
if self.exposed(key):
if key not in self.shown:
self.show_block(key)
else:
if key in self.shown:
self.hide_block(key)
def show_block(self, position, immediate=True):
texture = self.world[position]
self.shown[position] = texture
if immediate:
self._show_block(position, texture)
else:
self._enqueue(self._show_block, position, texture)
def _show_block(self, position, texture):
x, y, z = position
vertex_data = cube_vertices(x, y, z, 0.5)
texture_data = list(texture)
self._shown[position] = self.batch.add(24, GL_QUADS, self.group,
('v3f/static', vertex_data),
('t2f/static', texture_data))
def hide_block(self, position, immediate=True):
self.shown.pop(position)
if immediate:
self._hide_block(position)
else:
self._enqueue(self._hide_block, position)
def _hide_block(self, position):
self._shown.pop(position).delete()
def show_sector(self, sector):
for position in self.sectors.get(sector, []):
if position not in self.shown and self.exposed(position):
self.show_block(position, False)
def hide_sector(self, sector):
for position in self.sectors.get(sector, []):
if position in self.shown:
self.hide_block(position, False)
def change_sectors(self, before, after):
before_set = set()
after_set = set()
pad = 4
for dx in xrange(-pad, pad + 1):
for dy in [0]:
for dz in xrange(-pad, pad + 1):
if dx ** 2 + dy ** 2 + dz ** 2 > (pad + 1) ** 2:
continue
if before:
x, y, z = before
before_set.add((x + dx, y + dy, z + dz))
if after:
x, y, z = after
after_set.add((x + dx, y + dy, z + dz))
show = after_set - before_set
hide = before_set - after_set
for sector in show:
self.show_sector(sector)
for sector in hide:
self.hide_sector(sector)
def _enqueue(self, func, *args):
self.queue.append((func, args))
def _dequeue(self):
func, args = self.queue.popleft()
func(*args)
def process_queue(self):
start = time.perf_counter()
while self.queue and time.perf_counter() - start < 1.0 / TICKS_PER_SEC:
self._dequeue()
def process_entire_queue(self):
while self.queue:
self._dequeue()
class Window(pyglet.window.Window):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(Window, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.exclusive = False
self.flying = False
self.strafe = [0, 0]
self.position = (0, 0, 0)
self.rotation = (0, 0)
self.sector = None
self.reticle = None
self.dy = 0
self.num_keys = [
key._1, key._2, key._3, key._4, key._5,
key._6, key._7, key._8, key._9, key._0]
self.model = Model()
self.enderx = random.randint(-SIZEG, SIZEG)
self.enderz = random.randint(-SIZEG, SIZEG)
if (0, 0, 0) in self.model.world:
self.model.remove_block((0, -1, 0), immediate=False)
self.model.remove_block((0, 0, 0), immediate=False)
self.model.remove_block((0, 1, 0), immediate=False)
if (self.enderx, 0, self.enderz) in self.model.world:
self.model.remove_block(
(self.enderx, -1, self.enderz), immediate=False)
self.model.remove_block(
(self.enderx, 0, self.enderz), immediate=False)
self.model.remove_block(
(self.enderx, 1, self.enderz), immediate=False)
self.model.add_block((self.enderx, -1, self.enderz),
GREEN, immediate=False)
self.label = pyglet.text.Label('', font_name='Arial', font_size=18,
x=10, y=self.height - 10, anchor_x='left', anchor_y='top',
color=(0, 0, 0, 255))
pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(self.update, 1.0 / TICKS_PER_SEC)
def set_exclusive_mouse(self, exclusive):
super(Window, self).set_exclusive_mouse(exclusive)
self.exclusive = exclusive
def get_sight_vector(self):
x, y = self.rotation
m = math.cos(math.radians(y))
dy = math.sin(math.radians(y))
dx = math.cos(math.radians(x - 90)) * m
dz = math.sin(math.radians(x - 90)) * m
return (dx, dy, dz)
def get_motion_vector(self):
if any(self.strafe):
x, y = self.rotation
strafe = math.degrees(math.atan2(*self.strafe))
y_angle = math.radians(y)
x_angle = math.radians(x + strafe)
if self.flying:
m = math.cos(y_angle)
dy = math.sin(y_angle)
if self.strafe[1]:
dy = 0.0
m = 1
if self.strafe[0] > 0:
dy *= -1
dx = math.cos(x_angle) * m
dz = math.sin(x_angle) * m
else:
dy = 0.0
dx = math.cos(x_angle)
dz = math.sin(x_angle)
else:
dy = 0.0
dx = 0.0
dz = 0.0
return (dx, dy, dz)
def update(self, dt):
self.model.process_queue()
sector = sectorize(self.position)
if sector != self.sector:
self.model.change_sectors(self.sector, sector)
if self.sector is None:
self.model.process_entire_queue()
self.sector = sector
m = 8
dt = min(dt, 0.2)
for _ in xrange(m):
self._update(dt / m)
def _update(self, dt):
speed = FLYING_SPEED if self.flying else WALKING_SPEED
d = dt * speed
dx, dy, dz = self.get_motion_vector()
dx, dy, dz = dx * d, dy * d, dz * d
if not self.flying:
self.dy -= dt * GRAVITY
self.dy = max(self.dy, -TERMINAL_VELOCITY)
dy += self.dy * dt
x, y, z = self.position
x, y, z = self.collide((x + dx, y + dy, z + dz), PLAYER_HEIGHT)
self.position = (x, y, z)
def collide(self, position, height):
pad = 0.25
p = list(position)
np = normalize(position)
for face in FACES: # check all surrounding blocks
for i in xrange(3): # check each dimension independently
if not face[i]:
continue
d = (p[i] - np[i]) * face[i]
if d < pad:
continue
for dy in xrange(height): # check each height
op = list(np)
op[1] -= dy
op[i] += face[i]
if tuple(op) not in self.model.world:
continue
p[i] -= (d - pad) * face[i]
if face == (0, -1, 0) or face == (0, 1, 0):
self.dy = 0
break
return tuple(p)
def on_mouse_press(self, x, y, button, modifiers):
if self.exclusive:
vector = self.get_sight_vector()
block, previous = self.model.hit_test(self.position, vector)
if button == pyglet.window.mouse.LEFT and block:
texture = self.model.world[block]
if texture == GREEN:
self.label.text = "你赢了!"
self.flying = True
else:
self.set_exclusive_mouse(True)
def on_mouse_motion(self, x, y, dx, dy):
if self.exclusive:
m = 0.15
x, y = self.rotation
x, y = x + dx * m, y + dy * m
y = max(-90, min(90, y))
self.rotation = (x, y)
def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifiers):
if symbol == key.W:
self.strafe[0] -= 1
elif symbol == key.S:
self.strafe[0] += 1
elif symbol == key.A:
self.strafe[1] -= 1
elif symbol == key.D:
self.strafe[1] += 1
elif symbol == key.SPACE:
if self.dy == 0:
self.dy = JUMP_SPEED
elif symbol == key.ESCAPE:
self.set_exclusive_mouse(False)
def on_key_release(self, symbol, modifiers):
if symbol == key.W:
self.strafe[0] += 1
elif symbol == key.S:
self.strafe[0] -= 1
elif symbol == key.A:
self.strafe[1] += 1
elif symbol == key.D:
self.strafe[1] -= 1
def on_resize(self, width, height):
self.label.y = height - 10
if self.reticle:
self.reticle.delete()
x, y = self.width // 2, self.height // 2
n = 10
self.reticle = pyglet.graphics.vertex_list(4,
('v2i', (x - n, y, x + n,
y, x, y - n, x, y + n))
)
def set_2d(self):
width, height = self.get_size()
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
viewport = self.get_viewport_size()
glViewport(0, 0, max(1, viewport[0]), max(1, viewport[1]))
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
glOrtho(0, max(1, width), 0, max(1, height), -1, 1)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadIdentity()
def set_3d(self):
width, height = self.get_size()
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
viewport = self.get_viewport_size()
glViewport(0, 0, max(1, viewport[0]), max(1, viewport[1]))
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
gluPerspective(65.0, width / float(height), 0.1, 60.0)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadIdentity()
x, y = self.rotation
glRotatef(x, 0, 1, 0)
glRotatef(-y, math.cos(math.radians(x)), 0, math.sin(math.radians(x)))
x, y, z = self.position
glTranslatef(-x, -y, -z)
def on_draw(self):
self.clear()
self.set_3d()
glColor3d(1, 1, 1)
self.model.batch.draw()
self.draw_focused_block()
self.set_2d()
self.draw_label()
self.draw_reticle()
def draw_focused_block(self):
vector = self.get_sight_vector()
block = self.model.hit_test(self.position, vector)[0]
if block:
x, y, z = block
vertex_data = cube_vertices(x, y, z, 0.51)
glColor3d(0, 0, 0)
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE)
pyglet.graphics.draw(24, GL_QUADS, ('v3f/static', vertex_data))
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL)
def draw_label(self):
x, y, z = self.position
if self.label.text != "你赢了!":
self.label.text = '当前坐标:(%.1f, %.1f), 目标:(%.1f, %.1f)' % (
x, z, self.enderx, self.enderz)
self.label.draw()
def draw_reticle(self):
glColor3d(0, 0, 0)
self.reticle.draw(GL_LINES)
def setup_fog():
glEnable(GL_FOG)
glFogfv(GL_FOG_COLOR, (GLfloat * 4)(1.0, 1.0, 0.8, 1))
glHint(GL_FOG_HINT, GL_DONT_CARE)
glFogi(GL_FOG_MODE, GL_LINEAR)
glFogf(GL_FOG_START, 30.0)
glFogf(GL_FOG_END, 60.0)
def setup():
glClearColor(1.0, 1.0, 0.8, 1)
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST)
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST)
setup_fog()
def main():
window = Window(width=800, height=600,
caption='Zifan-Python-Maze', resizable=True)
window.set_exclusive_mouse(True)
setup()
pyglet.app.run()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()效果：
快乐的时光总是短暂，今天的分享就到此为止吧！
