Python-基于Pygame的小游戏(贪吃蛇)（一）

前言:贪吃蛇是一款经典的电子游戏，最早可以追溯到1976年的街机游戏Blockade。随着诺基亚手机的普及，贪吃蛇游戏在1990年代变得广为人知。它是一款休闲益智类游戏，适合所有年龄段的玩家，其最初为单机模式，后来随着技术发展，出现了多种版本和玩法，包括团战模式、赏金模式和挑战模式等。随着互联网和智能手机的普及，多人在线对战的版本也出现了，大大增加了游戏的社交性和竞技性。那么好，今天我们就用pygame等编写一个简单的贪吃蛇小游戏，来感受一下童年游戏的快乐。

编程思路:本次我们将会用到pygame,random,tkinter等库。

第一步：准备必要的库

本次编程中我们所需导入的库:pygame,random,tkinter中只有pygame属于第三方库。因此，在运行/编写代码前我们需先准备好pygame库。

具体步骤：在PyCharm终端输入"pip install pygame"并回车等待一段时间。（如下所示）

pip install pygame

第二步：完整代码展示

import pygame
import random
from tkinter import messagebox

WHITE= (255, 255, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)


pygame.init()
WINDOW_WIDTH = 800
WINDOW_HEIGHT = 600
window = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇游戏')
BLOCK_SIZE = 20
clock = pygame.time.Clock()


class Snake:
    def __init__(self):
        self.body = [(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_HEIGHT / 2)]
        self.direction = 'RIGHT'

    def move(self):
        head_x, head_y = self.body[0]
        if self.direction == 'RIGHT':
            new_head = (head_x + BLOCK_SIZE, head_y)
        elif self.direction == 'LEFT':
            new_head = (head_x - BLOCK_SIZE, head_y)
        elif self.direction == 'UP':
            new_head = (head_x, head_y - BLOCK_SIZE)
        else:
            new_head = (head_x, head_y + BLOCK_SIZE)
        self.body.insert(0, new_head)
        self.body.pop()

    def change_direction(self, new_direction):
        if new_direction == 'RIGHT' and self.direction!= 'LEFT':
            self.direction = new_direction
        elif new_direction == 'LEFT' and self.direction!= 'RIGHT':
            self.direction = new_direction
        elif new_direction == 'UP' and self.direction!= 'DOWN':
            self.direction = new_direction
        elif new_direction == 'DOWN' and self.direction!= 'UP':
            self.direction = new_direction

    def grow(self):
        tail = self.body[-1]
        self.body.append(tail)


class Food:
    def __init__(self):
        self.position = (
            random.randint(0, (WINDOW_WIDTH - BLOCK_SIZE) // BLOCK_SIZE) * BLOCK_SIZE,
            random.randint(0, (WINDOW_HEIGHT - BLOCK_SIZE) // BLOCK_SIZE) * BLOCK_SIZE
        )

    def respawn(self):
        self.position = (
            random.randint(0, (WINDOW_WIDTH - BLOCK_SIZE) // BLOCK_SIZE) * BLOCK_SIZE,
            random.randint(0, (WINDOW_HEIGHT - BLOCK_SIZE) // BLOCK_SIZE) * BLOCK_SIZE
        )


def draw(snake, food):
    window.fill(WHITE)
    for segment in snake.body:
        pygame.draw.rect(window, GREEN, [segment[0], segment[1], BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE])
    pygame.draw.rect(window, RED, [food.position[0], food.position[1], BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE])
    pygame.display.update()


def check_collision(snake, food):
    head = snake.body[0]
    if head[0] < 0 or head[0] >= WINDOW_WIDTH or head[1] < 0 or head[1] >= WINDOW_HEIGHT:
        return True
    for segment in snake.body[1:]:
        if head == segment:
            return True
    if head == food.position:
        snake.grow()
        food.respawn()
    return False


def main():
    snake = Snake()
    food = Food()
    running = True
    while running:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    snake.change_direction('UP')
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    snake.change_direction('DOWN')
                elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    snake.change_direction('LEFT')
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    snake.change_direction('RIGHT')

        snake.move()
        if check_collision(snake, food):
            running = False
            messagebox.showwarning('Game Over', '游戏结束！')


        draw(snake, food)
        clock.tick(8)

    pygame.quit()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行效果展示：