目录结构

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注：提前言明 本文借鉴了以下博主、书籍或网站的内容，其列表如下：

1、参考书籍：《PostgreSQL数据库内核分析》
2、参考书籍：《数据库事务处理的艺术：事务管理与并发控制》
3、PostgreSQL数据库仓库链接，点击前往
4、日本著名PostgreSQL数据库专家 铃木启修 网站主页，点击前往
5、参考书籍：《PostgreSQL指南：内幕探索》，点击前往
6、参考书籍：《事务处理 概念与技术》

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1、本文内容全部来源于开源社区 GitHub和以上博主的贡献，本文也免费开源（可能会存在问题，评论区等待大佬们的指正）
2、本文目的：开源共享 抛砖引玉 一起学习
3、本文不提供任何资源 不存在任何交易 与任何组织和机构无关
4、大家可以根据需要自行 复制粘贴以及作为其他个人用途，但是不允许转载 不允许商用 （写作不易，还请见谅 💖）
5、本文内容基于PostgreSQL master源码开发而成

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文章快速说明索引

学习目标：

做数据库内核开发久了就会有一种 少年得志，年少轻狂 的错觉，然鹅细细一品觉得自己其实不算特别优秀 远远没有达到自己想要的。也许光鲜的表面掩盖了空洞的内在，每每想到于此，皆有夜半临渊如履薄冰之感。为了睡上几个踏实觉，即日起 暂缓其他基于PostgreSQL数据库的兼容功能开发，近段时间 将着重于学习分享Postgres的基础知识和实践内幕。

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学习内容：（详见目录）

1、新的 COPY 选项 LOG_VERBOSITY

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学习时间：

2024年10月27日 18:04:45

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学习产出：

1、PostgreSQL数据库基础知识回顾 1个
2、CSDN 技术博客 1篇
3、PostgreSQL数据库内核深入学习

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注：下面我们所有的学习环境是Centos8+PostgreSQL master +Oracle19C+MySQL8.0

postgres=# select version();
                                                  version                                                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 18devel on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-21), 64-bit
(1 row)

postgres=#

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------#

SQL> select * from v$version;          

BANNER        Oracle Database 19c EE Extreme Perf Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production	
BANNER_FULL	  Oracle Database 19c EE Extreme Perf Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Version 19.17.0.0.0	
BANNER_LEGACY Oracle Database 19c EE Extreme Perf Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production	
CON_ID 0


#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------#

mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.27    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)

mysql>

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功能使用背景说明

Add new COPY option LOG_VERBOSITY.

This commit adds a new COPY option LOG_VERBOSITY, which controls the
amount of messages emitted during processing. Valid values are
'default' and 'verbose'.

This is currently used in COPY FROM when ON_ERROR option is set to
ignore. If 'verbose' is specified, a NOTICE message is emitted for
each discarded row, providing additional information such as line
number, column name, and the malformed value. This helps users to
identify problematic rows that failed to load.

添加新的 COPY 选项 LOG_VERBOSITY

• 此提交添加了新的 COPY 选项 LOG_VERBOSITY，用于控制处理期间发出的消息量。有效值为“default”和“verbose”
• 当 ON_ERROR 选项设置为忽略时，当前在 COPY FROM 中使用此选项。如果指定了“verbose”，则会为每个丢弃的行发出一条 NOTICE 消息，提供其他信息，例如行号、列名和格式错误的值。这有助于用户识别无法加载的问题行

Add log_verbosity = 'silent' support to COPY command.

Previously, when the on_error option was set to ignore, the COPY command
would always log NOTICE messages for input rows discarded due to
data type incompatibility. Users had no way to suppress these messages.

This commit introduces a new log_verbosity setting, 'silent',
which prevents the COPY command from emitting NOTICE messages
when on_error = 'ignore' is used, even if rows are discarded.
This feature is particularly useful when processing malformed files
frequently, where a flood of NOTICE messages can be undesirable.

For example, when frequently loading malformed files via the COPY command
or querying foreign tables using file_fdw (with an upcoming patch to
add on_error support for file_fdw), users may prefer to suppress
these messages to reduce log noise and improve clarity.

为 COPY 命令添加 log_verbosity = ‘silent’ 支持

• 以前，当 on_error 选项设置为 ignore 时，COPY 命令将始终记录由于数据类型不兼容而丢弃的输入行的 NOTICE 消息。用户无法抑制这些消息
• 此提交引入了一个新的 log_verbosity 设置 ‘silent’，当使用 on_error = ‘ignore’ 时，即使行被丢弃，它也会阻止 COPY 命令发出 NOTICE 消息。此功能在频繁处理格式错误的文件时特别有用，在这种情况下，大量的 NOTICE 消息可能是不受欢迎的
• 例如，当通过 COPY 命令频繁加载格式错误的文件或使用 file_fdw 查询外部表时（即将发布的补丁将为 file_fdw 添加 on_error 支持），用户可能更愿意抑制这些消息以减少日志噪音并提高清晰度

案例展示1，如下：

postgres=# select version();
                                     version                                     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 18devel on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 13.1.0, 64-bit
(1 row)

postgres=# \set SHOW_CONTEXT always
postgres=# 
postgres=# CREATE TABLE check_ign_err (n int, m int[], k int);
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# COPY check_ign_err FROM STDIN WITH (on_error ignore, log_verbosity verbose);
Enter data to be copied followed by a newline.
End with a backslash and a period on a line by itself, or an EOF signal.
>> 1    {1}     1
>> a    {2}     2
>> 3    {3}     3333333333
>> 4    {a, 4}  4
>> 
>> 5    {5}     5
>> 6    a
>> 7    {7}     a
>> 8    {8}     8
>> \.
NOTICE:  skipping row due to data type incompatibility at line 2 for column "n": "a"
CONTEXT:  COPY check_ign_err
NOTICE:  skipping row due to data type incompatibility at line 3 for column "k": "3333333333"
CONTEXT:  COPY check_ign_err
NOTICE:  skipping row due to data type incompatibility at line 4 for column "m": "{a, 4}"
CONTEXT:  COPY check_ign_err
NOTICE:  skipping row due to data type incompatibility at line 5 for column "n": ""
CONTEXT:  COPY check_ign_err
NOTICE:  skipping row due to data type incompatibility at line 7 for column "m": "a"
CONTEXT:  COPY check_ign_err
NOTICE:  skipping row due to data type incompatibility at line 8 for column "k": "a"
CONTEXT:  COPY check_ign_err
NOTICE:  6 rows were skipped due to data type incompatibility
COPY 3
postgres=# table check_ign_err;
 n |  m  | k 
---+-----+---
 1 | {1} | 1
 5 | {5} | 5
 8 | {8} | 8
(3 rows)

postgres=#

案例展示2，如下：

postgres=# CREATE DOMAIN dcheck_ign_err2 varchar(15) NOT NULL;
CREATE DOMAIN
postgres=# CREATE TABLE check_ign_err2 (n int, m int[], k int, l dcheck_ign_err2);
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# COPY check_ign_err2 FROM STDIN WITH (on_error ignore, log_verbosity verbose);
Enter data to be copied followed by a newline.
End with a backslash and a period on a line by itself, or an EOF signal.
>> 1    {1}     1       'foo'
>> 2    {2}     2       \N
>> \.
NOTICE:  skipping row due to data type incompatibility at line 2 for column "l": null input
CONTEXT:  COPY check_ign_err2
NOTICE:  1 row was skipped due to data type incompatibility
COPY 1
postgres=# table check_ign_err2;
 n |  m  | k |   l   
---+-----+---+-------
 1 | {1} | 1 | 'foo'
(1 row)

postgres=#

案例展示3，如下：

postgres=# COPY check_ign_err2 FROM STDIN WITH (on_error ignore, log_verbosity silent);
Enter data to be copied followed by a newline.
End with a backslash and a period on a line by itself, or an EOF signal.
>> 3    {3}     3       'bar'
>> 4    {4}     4       \N
>> \.
COPY 1
postgres=# table check_ign_err2;
 n |  m  | k |   l   
---+-----+---+-------
 1 | {1} | 1 | 'foo'
 3 | {3} | 3 | 'bar'
(2 rows)

postgres=# COPY check_ign_err2 FROM STDIN WITH (on_error ignore, log_verbosity default);
Enter data to be copied followed by a newline.
End with a backslash and a period on a line by itself, or an EOF signal.
>> 5    {5}     5       'bar'
>> 6    {6}     6       \N
>> \.
NOTICE:  1 row was skipped due to data type incompatibility
COPY 1
postgres=#

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OK，接下来做一个小结 如下(当 ON_ERROR 选项设置为ignore时)：

1. 如果至少有一行被丢弃，则在 COPY FROM 结束时会发出一条 NOTICE 消息，其中包含被忽略的行数。
2. 当 LOG_VERBOSITY 选项设置为 verbose 时，对于每个被丢弃的行，都会发出一条 NOTICE 消息，其中包含输入文件的行和输入转换失败的列名。
3. 当设置为 silent 时，不会发出有关被忽略的行的消息。

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功能实现源码解析

相关数据结构如下：

// src/include/commands/copy.h

/*
 * Represents verbosity of logged messages by COPY command.
 */
typedef enum CopyLogVerbosityChoice
{
	COPY_LOG_VERBOSITY_SILENT = -1, /* logs none */
	COPY_LOG_VERBOSITY_DEFAULT = 0, /* logs no additional messages. As this is
									 * the default, assign 0 */
									// 不记录其他消息。由于这是默认设置，因此分配 0
	COPY_LOG_VERBOSITY_VERBOSE, /* logs additional messages */
} CopyLogVerbosityChoice;

// src/backend/commands/copy.c

/*
 * Process the statement option list for COPY.
 * 处理 COPY 的语句选项列表。
 *
 * Scan the options list (a list of DefElem) and transpose the information
 * into *opts_out, applying appropriate error checking.
 * 扫描选项列表（DefElem 列表）并将信息转置到 *opts_out，应用适当的错误检查。
 *
 * If 'opts_out' is not NULL, it is assumed to be filled with zeroes initially.
 * 如果“opts_out”不为 NULL，则假定它最初用零填充。
 *
 * This is exported so that external users of the COPY API can sanity-check
 * a list of options.  In that usage, 'opts_out' can be passed as NULL and
 * the collected data is just leaked until CurrentMemoryContext is reset.
 * 导出此信息，以便 COPY API 的外部用户可以对选项列表进行健全性检查。
 * 在这种用法中，“opts_out”可以作为 NULL 传递，并且收集的数据只会泄露，直到 CurrentMemoryContext 重置。
 *
 * Note that additional checking, such as whether column names listed in FORCE
 * QUOTE actually exist, has to be applied later.  This just checks for
 * self-consistency of the options list.
 * 请注意，稍后必须应用其他检查，例如 FORCE QUOTE 中列出的列名是否实际存在。
 * 这只是检查选项列表的自洽性。
 */
void
ProcessCopyOptions(ParseState *pstate,
				   CopyFormatOptions *opts_out,
				   bool is_from,
				   List *options)
{
	...
	/* Support external use for option sanity checking */
	if (opts_out == NULL)
		opts_out = (CopyFormatOptions *) palloc0(sizeof(CopyFormatOptions));
	...
	/* Extract options from the statement node tree */
	foreach(option, options)
	{
		DefElem    *defel = lfirst_node(DefElem, option);
		...
		else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "log_verbosity") == 0)
		{
			if (log_verbosity_specified)
				errorConflictingDefElem(defel, pstate);
			log_verbosity_specified = true;
			opts_out->log_verbosity = defGetCopyLogVerbosityChoice(defel, pstate);
		}
		...
	}
	...
}

如上，即使没有指定该选项 也会被设置成默认值COPY_LOG_VERBOSITY_DEFAULT。接下来看一下解析函数：

/*
 * Extract a CopyLogVerbosityChoice value from a DefElem.
 */
static CopyLogVerbosityChoice
defGetCopyLogVerbosityChoice(DefElem *def, ParseState *pstate)
{
	char	   *sval;

	/*
	 * Allow "silent", "default", or "verbose" values.
	 */
	sval = defGetString(def);
	if (pg_strcasecmp(sval, "silent") == 0)
		return COPY_LOG_VERBOSITY_SILENT;
	if (pg_strcasecmp(sval, "default") == 0)
		return COPY_LOG_VERBOSITY_DEFAULT;
	if (pg_strcasecmp(sval, "verbose") == 0)
		return COPY_LOG_VERBOSITY_VERBOSE;

	ereport(ERROR,
			(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
	/*- translator: first %s is the name of a COPY option, e.g. ON_ERROR */
			 errmsg("COPY %s \"%s\" not recognized", "LOG_VERBOSITY", sval),
			 parser_errposition(pstate, def->location)));
	return COPY_LOG_VERBOSITY_DEFAULT;	/* keep compiler quiet */
}

---

接下来看一下详细调试过程，如下：

此时的函数堆栈，如下：

NextCopyFrom(CopyFromState cstate, ExprContext * econtext, Datum * values, _Bool * nulls)
CopyFrom(CopyFromState cstate) 
DoCopy(ParseState * pstate, const CopyStmt * stmt, int stmt_location, int stmt_len, uint64 * processed)
standard_ProcessUtility(PlannedStmt * pstmt, const char * queryString, _Bool readOnlyTree, ProcessUtilityContext context, ParamListInfo params, QueryEnvironment * queryEnv, DestReceiver * dest, QueryCompletion * qc)
ProcessUtility(PlannedStmt * pstmt, const char * queryString, _Bool readOnlyTree, ProcessUtilityContext context, ParamListInfo params, QueryEnvironment * queryEnv, DestReceiver * dest, QueryCompletion * qc) 
PortalRunUtility(Portal portal, PlannedStmt * pstmt, _Bool isTopLevel, _Bool setHoldSnapshot, DestReceiver * dest, QueryCompletion * qc) 
PortalRunMulti(Portal portal, _Bool isTopLevel, _Bool setHoldSnapshot, DestReceiver * dest, DestReceiver * altdest, QueryCompletion * qc)
PortalRun(Portal portal, long count, _Bool isTopLevel, _Bool run_once, DestReceiver * dest, DestReceiver * altdest, QueryCompletion * qc)
exec_simple_query(const char * query_string)
...

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上面多行的循环处理，结束之后 如下：

postgres=# COPY check_ign_err2 FROM STDIN WITH (on_error ignore, log_verbosity verbose);
Enter data to be copied followed by a newline.
End with a backslash and a period on a line by itself, or an EOF signal.
>> 7    {7}     7       'bar'
>> 8    {8}     8       \N
>> 9    {9}     9       \N
>> \.
NOTICE:  skipping row due to data type incompatibility at line 2 for column "l": null input
NOTICE:  skipping row due to data type incompatibility at line 3 for column "l": null input
NOTICE:  2 rows were skipped due to data type incompatibility
COPY 1
postgres=#

如果这里设置的是silent，那么上面这一行也不会打印了！

这个功能比较简单，这里不再赘述！对错误信息的提示量根据自己需要酌情设置即可，如果指定了verbose，则会为每个丢弃的行发出一条 NOTICE 消息，提供其他信息(如上)：

• 例如行号、列名和格式错误的值
• 这有助于用户识别无法加载的问题行