Arduino - 电机

Arduino - Motor Arduino - 电机

参考:
Arduino - 电机
Arduino控制舵机

舵机抖动的解决方法

Arduino控制MG995/MG996 360舵机连续旋转

We are going to learn:
我们将学习：

Which types of motors can use with Arduino
哪些类型的电机可以与Arduino一起使用
What are differences between types of motors
电机类型之间有什么区别
How to control each type of motors
如何控制每种类型的电机

Motor Types 电机类型

There are three types of motors widely-used with Arduino:
Arduino广泛使用的电机有三种类型：

Servo motor 伺服电机
Stepper motor 步进电机
DC motor 直流电动机

在这里插入图片描述

The servo motor includes two main types: 180° servo motor and 360° servo motor. In fact, most of the people understand implicitly “servo motor” to be “180° servo motor”.
伺服电机包括两种主要类型：180°伺服电机和360°伺服电机。事实上，大多数人将“伺服电机”隐含地理解为“180°伺服电机”。

360° servo motor is similar to DC motor, except for no hardware driver is required.
360°伺服电机类似于直流电机，只是不需要硬件驱动器。

180° Servo motor 180°伺服电机

Characteristics 特性

Rotation is limited between 0° and 180°
旋转限制在 0° 和 180° 之间
Rotating direction: clockwise, counter-clockwise
旋转方向：顺时针、逆时针
Rotating position: can be controlled to rotate to a specific angle between 0° and 180°
旋转位置：可控制旋转至0°至180°之间的特定角度
Rotating speed: can be controlled, but not smoothly
转速：可以控制，但不能平稳
Extra hardware driver: NOT required. Just control directly from an Arduino pin
额外的硬件驱动程序：不需要。只需直接从Arduino引脚进行控制
Extra power supply: required
额外电源：需要
How to control: easy, just use PWM signal
如何控制：简单，只需使用PWM信号

Application 应用

Any application that requires only to rotate a angle between 0° and 180°
任何只需要旋转 0° 和 180° 之间角度的应用

Servo motor Tutorial 伺服电机教程

Arduino - Servo Motor tutorial
Arduino - 伺服电机教程

Stepper motor 步进电机

Characteristics 特性

Rotation is unlimited 旋转是无限的
Rotating direction: clockwise, counter-clockwise
旋转方向：顺时针、逆时针
Rotating position: can be controlled to precisely rotate to any angle position.
旋转位置：可控制精确旋转至任意角度位置。
Rotating speed: can be controlled precisely. Furthermore, acceleration and deacceleration can be controlled precisely
转速：可精确控制。此外，可以精确控制加速和减速
Extra hardware driver: required
额外的硬件驱动程序：必需
Extra power supply: required
额外电源：需要
How to control: complicated, beginners should use the library
如何控制：复杂，初学者应该使用库

Application 应用

Automation and robotics 自动化和机器人技术
Printers, 3D printer, CNC, X-Y plotter,
打印机、3D打印机、CNC、X-Y绘图仪、

Cocktail Machine 鸡尾酒机

Stepper Motor Tutorial 步进电机教程

Arduino - Stepper Motor tutorial
Arduino - 步进电机教程
Arduino - Stepper Motor with L298N driver tutorial
Arduino - 带 L298N 驱动器的步进电机教程
Arduino - 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor tutorial
Arduino - 28BYJ-48步进电机教程
Arduino - Stepper Motor and Limit Switch tutorial
Arduino - 步进电机和限位开关教程

DC motor 直流电动机

Characteristics 特性

Rotation is unlimited 旋转是无限的
Rotating direction: clockwise, counter-clockwise
旋转方向：顺时针、逆时针
Rotating position: very difficult to precisely rotate to a specific angle
旋转位置：很难精确旋转到特定角度
Rotating speed: easy to control how fast, but very difficult to precisely control to a specific speed value.
转速：容易控制多快，但很难精确控制到特定的速度值。
Extra hardware driver: required.
额外的硬件驱动程序：必需。
Extra power supply: required
额外电源：需要
How to control: easy, just use high-voltage PWM signal
如何控制：简单，只需使用高压PWM信号

※ NOTE THAT: ※ 注意事项：

To control the position of DC motor, we need extra hardware, called encoder, and then use a closed-loop control method such as PID control method. This is very difficult for beginners.
为了控制直流电机的位置，我们需要额外的硬件，称为编码器，然后使用闭环控制方法，例如PID控制方法。这对初学者来说非常困难。
For speed control, we can easily control how fast it is, such as slow, medium, fast, very fast, how many percent of full speed. However, To control how many rounds per second, we need extra hardware, called encoder, and then use a closed-loop control method such as PID control method. This is very difficult for beginners.
对于速度控制，我们可以很容易地控制它的速度，例如慢速、中速、快速、非常快、全速的百分之几。但是，为了控制每秒的轮数，我们需要额外的硬件，称为编码器，然后使用闭环控制方法，例如 PID 控制方法。这对初学者来说非常困难。
Some DC motors on the market has a built-in encoder
市场上的一些直流电机具有内置编码器

Application 应用

Used to control something that needs to rotate continuously but the value of speed does not need to be specified. For example fan, pump, RC car, drill …
用于控制需要连续旋转但不需要指定速度值的东西。例如风扇、泵、遥控车、钻头…

※ NOTE THAT: ※ 注意事项：

There are two main DC motor types: the brushed DC motors and brushless DC motors. The brushed DC motor is widely used in DIY projects
直流电机主要有两种类型：有刷直流电机和无刷直流电机。有刷直流电机广泛应用于DIY项目

DC motor Tutorial 直流电机教程

Arduino - DC Motor tutorial
Arduino - 直流电机教程

Motor selection guide 电机选型指南

Choosing a motor for a project depending on many factors, such as carried weight, power supply, application’s characteristics…
为项目选择电机取决于许多因素，例如承载重量、电源、应用特性…

If your project needs to rotate to angle position in between 0° and 180°, find a suitable 180° servo motor
如果您的项目需要旋转到0°到180°之间的角度位置，请找到合适的180°伺服电机
If your project needs to precisely rotate to any position, find a suitable stepper motor
如果您的项目需要精确旋转到任何位置，请找到合适的步进电机
If your project needs to precisely rotate continuously without any position, find a suitable DC motor or 360° servo motor
如果您的项目需要在没有任何位置的情况下精确连续旋转，请找到合适的直流电机或360°伺服电机

Buy Motor 购买电机

	180° Servo motor SG90 Buy on Amazon 180°伺服电机SG90在亚马逊上购买
	180° Servo motor MG996R Buy on Amazon 180°伺服电机MG996R 在亚马逊上购买
	360° Servo motor FS90R Buy on Amazon 360°伺服电机FS90R 在亚马逊上购买
	Stepper motor Buy on Amazon 步进电机在亚马逊上购买
	DC motor Buy on Amazon 直流电机在亚马逊上购买
	DC motor with encoder Buy on Amazon 带编码器的直流电机在亚马逊上购买
	Stepper & DC motor hardware driver Buy on Amazon 步进&DC电机硬件驱动程序在亚马逊上购买