使用imgaug库可以方便地进行图像增强操作，包括调整图像大小。以下是使用imgaug库调整图像大小并修改对应的XML标签框的示例脚本：

• 注意修改输入文件夹路径、输出文件夹路径和目标尺寸为自己内容。

input_folder = "path/to/your/input_folder"
output_folder = "path/to/your/output_folder"
target_size = (640, 640)

• 输入文件夹结构：
  

全部代码：

import os
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from PIL import Image
import imgaug.augmenters as iaa
from imgaug.augmentables.bbs import BoundingBox, BoundingBoxesOnImage
import numpy as np

def resize_and_augment(image_path, xml_folder, output_folder, target_size):
    # 读取图像
    image = Image.open(image_path)

    # 获取XML文件路径
    xml_filename = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(image_path))[0] + '.xml'
    xml_path = os.path.join(xml_folder, xml_filename)

    # 解析XML文件
    tree = ET.parse(xml_path)
    root = tree.getroot()

    # 读取原始图像大小
    original_size = image.size

    # 使用imgaug进行图像和标签框调整
    seq = iaa.Sequential([
        iaa.Resize({"height": target_size[0], "width": target_size[1]}),
    ])

    # 将PIL图像转换为numpy数组
    image_np = np.array(image)

    # 从XML中提取所有标签框信息
    bounding_boxes = []
    for object_tag in root.iter('object'):
        bbox_tag = object_tag.find('bndbox')
        xmin = float(bbox_tag.find('xmin').text)
        ymin = float(bbox_tag.find('ymin').text)
        xmax = float(bbox_tag.find('xmax').text)
        ymax = float(bbox_tag.find('ymax').text)

        bounding_boxes.append(BoundingBox(x1=xmin, y1=ymin, x2=xmax, y2=ymax))

    # 创建BoundingBoxesOnImage对象
    bbs = BoundingBoxesOnImage(bounding_boxes, shape=image_np.shape)

    # 进行图像和标签框调整
    augmented_image, bbs_aug = seq(image=image_np, bounding_boxes=bbs)

    # 创建输出文件夹路径
    output_images_folder = os.path.join(output_folder, 'images')
    output_xml_folder = os.path.join(output_folder, 'xml')

    # 确保输出文件夹存在，如果不存在则创建
    os.makedirs(output_images_folder, exist_ok=True)
    os.makedirs(output_xml_folder, exist_ok=True)

    # 保存调整后的图像
    augmented_image_path = os.path.join(output_images_folder, os.path.basename(image_path))
    Image.fromarray(augmented_image).save(augmented_image_path)

    # 更新XML文件
    update_xml(xml_path, bbs_aug, original_size, target_size, output_xml_folder)

def update_xml(xml_path, bbs_aug, original_size, new_size, output_folder):
    # 解析XML文件
    tree = ET.parse(xml_path)
    root = tree.getroot()

    # 更新图像尺寸
    for size_tag in root.iter('size'):
        width_tag = size_tag.find('width')
        height_tag = size_tag.find('height')

        width_tag.text = str(new_size[1])
        height_tag.text = str(new_size[0])

    # 更新对象边界框
    for object_tag, bbox_aug in zip(root.iter('object'), bbs_aug.bounding_boxes):
        bbox_tag = object_tag.find('bndbox')

        # 更新坐标
        for coord, coord_value in zip(['xmin', 'ymin', 'xmax', 'ymax'], [bbox_aug.x1, bbox_aug.y1, bbox_aug.x2, bbox_aug.y2]):
            coord_tag = bbox_tag.find(coord)
            coord_tag.text = str(int(coord_value))

    # 保存更新后的XML文件到输出文件夹
    updated_xml_filename = os.path.basename(xml_path)
    updated_xml_path = os.path.join(output_folder, updated_xml_filename)
    tree.write(updated_xml_path)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 输入文件夹路径、输出文件夹路径和目标尺寸
    input_folder = "path/to/your/input_folder"
    output_folder = "path/to/your/output_folder"
    target_size = (640, 640)

    # 遍历图像文件夹
    for filename in os.listdir(os.path.join(input_folder, 'images')):
        if filename.endswith('.jpg'):
            image_path = os.path.join(input_folder, 'images', filename)

            resize_and_augment(image_path, os.path.join(input_folder, 'xml'), output_folder, target_size)