日期函数
select current_date( ) ;
+----------------+
| current_date( ) |
+----------------+
| 2017 -11-19 |
+----------------+
select current_time( ) ;
+----------------+
| current_time( ) |
+----------------+
| 13 :51:21 |
+----------------+
select current_timestamp( ) ;
+---------------------+
| current_timestamp( ) |
+---------------------+
| 2017 -11-19 13 :51:48 |
+---------------------+
select date_add( '2017-10-28' , interval 10 day) ;
+-----------------------------------------+
| date_add( '2017-10-28' , interval 10 day) |
+-----------------------------------------+
| 2017 -11-07 |
+-----------------------------------------+
select date_sub( '2017-10-1' , interval 2 day) ;
+---------------------------------------+
| date_sub( '2017-10-1' , interval 2 day) |
+---------------------------------------+
| 2017 -09-29 |
+---------------------------------------+
select datediff( '2017-10-10' , '2016-9-1' ) ;
+------------------------------------+
| datediff( '2017-10-10' , '2016-9-1' ) |
+------------------------------------+
| 404 |
+------------------------------------+
create table tmp(
id int primary key auto_increment,
birthday date
) ;
insert into tmp( birthday) values( current_date( )) ;
mysql> select * from tmp;
+----+------------+
| id | birthday |
+----+------------+
| 1 | 2017 -11-19 |
+----+------------+
mysql> create table msg (
id int primary key auto_increment,
content varchar( 30 ) not null,
sendtime datetime
) ;
mysql> insert into msg( content,sendtime) values( 'hello1' , now( )) ;
mysql> insert into msg( content,sendtime) values( 'hello2' , now( )) ;
mysql> select * from msg;
+----+---------+---------------------+
| id | content | sendtime |
+----+---------+---------------------+
| 1 | hello1 | 2017 -11-19 14 :12:20 |
| 2 | hello2 | 2017 -11-19 14 :13:21 |
+----+---------+---------------------+
显示所有留言信息,发布日期只显示日期,不用显示时间
select content,date( sendtime) from msg;
select * from msg where date_add( sendtime, interval 2 minute) > now( ) ;
理解:
------------------------------| -----------| -------------| ------------------
初始时间 now( ) 初始时间+2min
字符串函数
select charset( ename) from EMP;
要求显示exam_result表中的信息,显示格式:“XXX的语文是XXX分,数学XXX分,英语XXX分”
select concat( name, '的语文是' ,chinese,'分,数学是' ,math,'分' ) as '分数' from student;
select length( name) , name from student;
注意:length函数返回字符串长度,以字节为单位。如果是多字节字符则计算多个字节数;
如果是单字节字符则算作一个字节。比如:字母,数字算作一个字节,中文表示多个字节数(与字符集编码有关)
select replace( ename, 'S' , '上海' ) ,ename from EMP;
select substring( ename, 2 , 2 ) , ename from EMP;
select concat( lcase( substring( ename, 1 , 1 )) ,substring( ename,2)) from EMP;
数学函数
select abs( -100.2) ;
select ceiling( 23.04 ) ;
select floor( 23.7 ) ;
select format( 12.3456 , 2 ) ;
select rand( ) ;
其它函数
select user( ) ;
md5(str)对一个字符串进行md5摘要,摘要后得到一个32位字符串
select md5( 'admin' )
+----------------------------------+
| md5( 'admin' ) |
+----------------------------------+
| 21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3 |
+----------------------------------+
select database( ) ;
password()函数,MySQL数据库使用该函数对用户加密
select password( 'root' ) ;
+-------------------------------------------+
| password( 'root' ) |
+-------------------------------------------+
| *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
+-------------------------------------------+
ifnull(val1, val2) 如果val1为null,返回val2,否则返回val1的值
select ifnull( 'abc' , '123' ) ;
+----------------------+
| ifnull( 'abc' , '123' ) |
+----------------------+
| abc |
+----------------------+
1 row in set ( 0.01 sec)
select ifnull( null, '123' ) ;
+---------------------+
| ifnull( null, '123' ) |
+---------------------+
| 123 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec)