python+requests+pytest+allure自动化框架

1.核心库

requests request请求

openpyxl excel文件操作

loggin 日志

smtplib 发送邮件

configparser

unittest.mock mock服务

2.目录结构

base

utils

testDatas

conf

testCases

testReport

logs

其他

2.1base

base_path.py 存放绝对路径,dos命令或Jenkins执行时,防止报错

base_requests.py 封装requests,根据method选择不同的方法执行脚本,同时处理请求异常

2.1.1 base_path.py

import os

# 项目根路径
_root_path = os.path.split(os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0])[0]

# 报告路径
report_path = os.path.join(_root_path, 'testReport', 'report.html')

# 日志路径
log_path = os.path.join(_root_path, 'logs/')

# 配置文件路径
conf_path = os.path.join(_root_path, 'conf', 'auto_test.conf')

# 测试数据路径
testdatas_path = os.path.join(_root_path, 'testDatas')

# allure 相关配置
_result_path = os.path.join(_root_path, 'testReport', 'result')
_allure_html_path = os.path.join(_root_path, 'testReport', 'allure_html')
allure_command = 'allure generate {} -o {} --clean'.format(_result_path, _allure_html_path)

2.1.2 base_requests.py

import json
import allure
import urllib3
import requests
import warnings
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from base.base_path import *
from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
from utils.handle_logger import logger
from utils.handle_config import handle_config as hc


class BaseRequests:

    def __init__(self, case, proxies=None, headers=None, cookies=None, timeout=15, max_retries=3):
        '''
        :param case: 测试用例
        :param proxies: The result is displayed in fiddler：
        {"http": "http://127.0.0.1:8888", "https": "https://127.0.0.1:8888"}
        :param headers: 请求头
        :param cookies: cookies
        :param timeout: 请求默认超时时间15s
        :param max_retries: 请求超时后默认重试3次
        '''
        self.case = case
        self.proxies = proxies
        self.headers = headers
        self.cookies = cookies
        self.timeout = timeout
        self.max_retries = max_retries
        self.base_url = hc.operation_config(conf_path, 'BASEURL', 'base_url')

    def get_response(self):
        '''获取请求结果'''
        response = self._run_main()
        return response

    def _run_main(self):
        '''发送请求'''
        method = self.case['method']
        url = self.base_url + self.case['url']
        if self.case['parameter']:
            data = eval(self.case['parameter'])
        else:
            data = None

        s = requests.session()
        s.mount('http://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=self.max_retries))
        s.mount('https://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=self.max_retries))
        urllib3.disable_warnings()  # 忽略浏览器认证(https认证)警告
        warnings.simplefilter('ignore', ResourceWarning)    # 忽略 ResourceWarning警告

        res=''
        if method.upper() == 'POST':
            try:
                res = s.request(method='post', url=url, data=data, verify=False, proxies=self.proxies, headers=self.headers, cookies=self.cookies, timeout=self.timeout)
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error('POST请求出错，错误信息为：{0}'.format(e))

        elif method.upper() == 'GET':
            try:
                res = s.request(method='get', url=url, params=data, verify=False,proxies=self.proxies, headers=self.headers, cookies=self.cookies, timeout=self.timeout)
            except Exception as e:
                    logger.error('GET请求出错，错误信息为：{0}'.format(e))
        else:
            raise ValueError('method方法为get和post')
        logger.info(f'请求方法:{method}，请求路径:{url}, 请求参数:{data}, 请求头:{self.headers}, cookies:{self.cookies}')

        # with allure.step('接口请求信息：'):
        #     allure.attach(f'请求方法:{method}，请求路径:{url}, 请求参数:{data}, 请求头:{headers}')

        # 拓展:是否需要做全量契约验证?响应结果是不同类型时,如何处理响应?
        return res


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # case = {'method': 'get', 'url': '/article/top/json', 'parameter': ''}
    case = {'method': 'post', 'url': '/user/login', 'parameter': '{"username": "xbc", "password": "123456"}'}
    response = BaseRequests(case).get_response()
    print(response.json())

2.2 utils

(只取核心部分)

handle_excel.py

excel的操作,框架要求,最终读取的数据需要保存列表嵌套字典的格式[{},{}]
其他操作
handle_sendEmail.py

python发送邮件使用smtp协议,接收邮件使用pop3
需要开启pop3服务功能,这里的password为授权码,启用服务自行百度
handle_logger.py 日志处理

handle_config.py
配置文件处理,这里只将域名可配置化,切换环境时改域名即可

handle_allure.py
allure生成的报告需要调用命令行再打开,这里直接封装命令

handle_cookies.py(略)
在git中补充,处理cookiesJar对象

handle_mock.py(略)
在git中补充,框架未使用到,但是也封装成了方法

param_replace(略)

将常用的参数化操作封装成类

2.2.1 handle_excel.py

import openpyxl
from base.base_path import *

class HandleExcel:
    def __init__(self, file_name=None, sheet_name=None):
        '''
        没有传路径时,默认使用 wanadriod接口测试用例.xlsx 文件
        :param file_name:  用例文件
        :param sheet_name: 表单名
        '''
        if file_name:
            self.file_path = os.path.join(testdatas_path, file_name)
            self.sheet_name = sheet_name
        else:
            self.file_path = os.path.join(testdatas_path, 'wanadriod接口测试用例.xlsx')
            self.sheet_name = 'case'
        # 创建工作簿,定位表单
        self.wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(self.file_path)
        self.sheet = self.wb[self.sheet_name]
        # 列总数,行总数
        self.ncols = self.sheet.max_column
        self.nrows = self.sheet.max_row

    def cell_value(self, row=1, column=1):
        '''获取表中数据,默认取出第一行第一列的值'''
        return self.sheet.cell(row, column).value

    def _get_title(self):
        '''私有函数, 返回表头列表'''
        title = []
        for column in range(1, self.ncols+1):
            title.append(self.cell_value(1, column))
        return title

    def get_excel_data(self):
        '''
        :return: 返回字典套列表的方式 [{title_url:value1, title_method:value1}, {title_url:value2, title_method:value2}...]
        '''
        finally_data = []
        for row in range(2, self.nrows+1):
            result_dict = {}
            for column in range(1, self.ncols+1):
                result_dict[self._get_title()[column-1]] = self.cell_value(row, column)
            finally_data.append(result_dict)
        return finally_data

    def get_pytestParametrizeData(self):
        '''
        选用这种参数方式,需要使用数据格式 列表套列表 @pytest.mark.parametrize('', [[], []]), 如 @pytest.mark.parametrize(*get_pytestParametrizeData)
        将 finally_data 中的 title 取出,以字符串形式保存,每个title用逗号(,)隔开
        将 finally_data 中的 value 取出,每行数据保存在一个列表,再集合在一个大列表内
        :return: title, data
        '''
        finally_data = self.get_excel_data()
        data = []
        title = ''
        for i in finally_data:
            value_list = []
            key_list = []
            for key, value in i.items():
                value_list.append(value)
                key_list.append(key)
            title = ','.join(key_list)
            data.append(value_list)
        return title, data

    def rewrite_value(self, new_value, case_id, title):
        '''写入excel,存储使用过的数据（参数化后的数据）'''
        row = self.get_row(case_id)
        column = self.get_column(title)
        self.sheet.cell(row, column).value = new_value
        self.wb.save(self.file_path)

    def get_row(self, case_id):
        '''通过执行的 case_id 获取当前的行号'''
        for row in range(1, self.nrows+1):
            if self.cell_value(row, 1) == case_id:
                return int(row)

    def get_column(self, title):
        '''通过表头给定字段，获取表头所在列'''
        for column in range(1, self.ncols+1):
            if self.cell_value(1, column) == title:
                return int(column)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    r = HandleExcel()
    print(r.get_excel_data())

2.2.2 handle_sendEmail.py

import smtplib
from utils.handle_logger import logger
from email.mime.text import MIMEText    # 专门发送正文邮件
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart  # 发送正文、附件等
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication  # 发送附件

class HandleSendEmail:

    def __init__(self, part_text, attachment_list, password, user_list, subject='interface_autoTestReport', smtp_server='smtp.163.com', from_user='hu_chunpu@163.com', filename='unit_test_report.html'):
        '''
        :param part_text: 正文
        :param attachment_list: 附件列表
        :param password: 邮箱服务器第三方密码
        :param user_list: 收件人列表
        :param subject: 主题
        :param smtp_server: 邮箱服务器
        :param from_user: 发件人
        :param filename: 附件名称
        '''
        self.subject = subject
        self.attachment_list = attachment_list
        self.password = password
        self.user_list = ';'.join(user_list)    # 多个收件人
        self.part_text = part_text
        self.smtp_server = smtp_server
        self.from_user = from_user
        self.filename = filename

    def _part(self):
        '''构建邮件内容'''
        # 1) 构造邮件集合体：
        msg = MIMEMultipart()
        msg['Subject'] = self.subject
        msg['From'] = self.from_user
        msg['To'] = self.user_list

        # 2) 构造邮件正文：
        text = MIMEText(self.part_text)
        msg.attach(text)  # 把正文加到邮件体里面

        # 3) 构造邮件附件：
        for item in self.attachment_list:
            with open(item, 'rb+') as file:
                attachment = MIMEApplication(file.read())
            # 给附件命名：
            attachment.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=item)
            msg.attach(attachment)

        # 4) 得到完整的邮件内容：
        full_text = msg.as_string()
        return full_text

    def send_email(self):
        '''发送邮件'''
        # qq邮箱必须加上SSL
        if self.smtp_server == 'smtp.qq.com':
            smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtp_server)
        else:
            smtp = smtplib.SMTP(self.smtp_server)
        # 登录服务器：.login(user=email_address,password=第三方授权码)
        smtp.login(self.from_user, self.password)
        logger.info('--------邮件发送中--------')
        try:
            logger.info('--------邮件发送成功--------')
            smtp.sendmail(self.from_user, self.user_list, self._part())
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error('发送邮件出错，错误信息为：{0}'.format(e))
        else:
            smtp.close()    # 关闭连接

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from base.base_path import *
    part_text = '附件为自动化测试报告,框架使用了pytest+allure'
    attachment_list = [report_path]
    password = ''
    user_list = ['']
    HandleSendEmail(part_text, attachment_list, password, user_list).send_email()

2.2.3 handle_logger.py

import sys
import logging
from time import strftime
from base.base_path import *

class Logger:

    def __init__(self):
        # 日志格式
    custom_format = '%(asctime)s %(filename)s [line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s: %(message)s'
        # 日期格式
        date_format = '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S'

        self._logger = logging.getLogger()  # 实例化
        self.filename = '{0}{1}.log'.format(log_path, strftime("%Y-%m-%d")) # 日志文件名
        self.formatter = logging.Formatter(fmt=custom_format, datefmt=date_format)
        self._logger.addHandler(self._get_file_handler(self.filename))
        self._logger.addHandler(self._get_console_handler())
        self._logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)  # 默认等级

    def _get_file_handler(self, filename):
        '''输出到日志文件'''
        filehandler = logging.FileHandler(filename, encoding="utf-8")
        filehandler.setFormatter(self.formatter)
        return filehandler

    def _get_console_handler(self):
        '''输出到控制台'''
        console_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
        console_handler.setFormatter(self.formatter)
        return console_handler

    @property
    def logger(self):
        return self._logger

'''
日志级别：
critical    严重错误，会导致程序退出
error        可控范围内的错误
warning        警告信息
info        提示信息
debug        调试程序时详细输出的记录
'''
# 实例
logger = Logger().logger


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import datetime
    logger.info(u"{}:开始XXX操作".format(datetime.datetime.now()))

2.2.4 handle_config.py

import configparser

# 配置文件类
class HandleConfig:
    def operation_config(self, conf_file, section, option):
        cf = configparser.ConfigParser()    # 实例化
        cf.read(conf_file)
        value = cf.get(section, option)    # 定位
        return value


handle_config = HandleConfig()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    from base.base_path import *
    base_url = handle_config.operation_config(conf_path, 'BASEURL', 'base_url')
    print(base_url)

2.2.5 handle_allure.py

import subprocess
from base.base_path import *

class HandleAllure(object):

    def execute_command(self):
        subprocess.call(allure_command, shell=True)

handle_allure = HandleAllure()

2.3testDatas

excel测试用例文件,必须是.xlsx结尾,用例结构如下:

2.4conf

放置配置文件 .conf结尾

2.5 testCases

conftest.py

fixture功能,用例前置后置操作
构造测试数据
其他高级操作
注意邮件中的password和user_list需要换成自己测试的邮箱及服务密码
test_wanAndroid.py 测试用例脚本

参数化: pytest.mark.parametrize(‘case’,[{},{}])
接口关联:
将关联的参数配置成全局变量
在用例执行前使用全局变量替换参数
使用 is_run 参数指明有参数化的用例,并取出,再赋值给全局变量
cookies:
和接口关联的处理方式一样处理cookies
步骤
收集用例
执行用例
断言
构造测试报告
发送邮件

2.5.1 conftest.py

import pytest
from base.base_path import *
from utils.handle_logger import logger
from utils.handle_allure import handle_allure
from utils.handle_sendEmail import HandleSendEmail

'''
1. 构造测试数据??
2. fixture 替代 setup,teardown
3. 配置 pytest
'''

def pytest_collection_modifyitems(items):
    """
    测试用例收集完成时，将收集到的item的name和nodeid的中文显示在控制台上
    """
    for item in items:
        item.name = item.name.encode("utf-8").decode("unicode_escape")
        item._nodeid = item.nodeid.encode("utf-8").decode("unicode_escape")
        # print(item.nodeid)

@pytest.fixture(scope='session', autouse=True)
def send_email():
    logger.info('-----session级,执行wanAndroid测试用例-----')
    yield
    logger.info('-----session级,wanAndroid用例执行结束,发送邮件:-----')
    """执行alllure命令 """
    handle_allure.execute_command()
    # 发邮件
    part_text = '附件为自动化测试报告,框架使用了pytest+allure'
    attachment_list = [report_path]
    password = ''
    user_list = ['']
    HandleSendEmail(part_text, attachment_list, password, user_list).send_email()

2.5.2 test_wanAndroid.py

import json
import pytest
import allure
from base.base_requests import BaseRequests
from utils.handle_logger import logger
from utils.handle_excel import HandleExcel
from utils.param_replace import pr
from utils.handle_cookies import get_cookies

handle_excel = HandleExcel()
get_excel_data = HandleExcel().get_excel_data()
ID = ''
COOKIES = {}
PAGE = ''

class TestWanAndroid:

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('case', get_excel_data)
    def test_wanAndroid(self, case):
        global ID
        global COOKIES
        # 参数替换
        case['url'] = pr.relevant_parameter(case['url'], '${collect_id}', str(ID))

        if case['is_run'].lower() == 'yes':
            logger.info('------执行用例的id为：{0}，用例标题为：{1}------'.format(case['case_id'], case['title']))
            res = BaseRequests(case, cookies=COOKIES).get_response()
            res_json = res.json()

            # 获取登录后的cookies
            if case['case_id'] == 3:
                COOKIES = get_cookies.get_cookies(res)

            if case['is_depend']:
                try:
                    ID = res_json['data']['id']
                    # 将使用的参数化后的数据写入excel
                    handle_excel.rewrite_value('id={}'.format(ID), case['case_id'], 'depend_param')
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.error(f'获取id失败,错误信息为{e}')
                    ID = 0

            # 制作 allure 报告
            allure.dynamic.title(case['title'])
            allure.dynamic.description('<font color="red">请求URL：</font>{}<br />'
                                       '<font color="red">期望值：</font>{}'.format(case['url'], case['excepted']))
            allure.dynamic.feature(case['module'])
            allure.dynamic.story(case['method'])

            result=''
            try:
                assert eval(case['excepted'])['errorCode'] == res_json['errorCode']
                result = 'pass'
            except AssertionError as e:
                logger.error('Assert Error：{0}'.format(e))
                result = 'fail'
                raise e
            finally:
                # 将实际结果格式化写入excel
                handle_excel.rewrite_value(json.dumps(res_json, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2, sort_keys=True), case['case_id'], 'actual')
                # 将用例执行结果写入excel
                handle_excel.rewrite_value(result, case['case_id'], 'test_result')


    def test_get_articleList(self):
        '''翻页,将page参数化'''
        global PAGE
        pass


    def test_mock_demo(self):
        '''使用mock服务模拟服务器响应'''
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-q', 'test_wanAndroid.py'])