仿LISP运算
真题目录: 点击去查看
E 卷 200分题型
题目描述
LISP 语言唯一的语法就是括号要配对。
形如 (OP P1 P2 …),括号内元素由单个空格分割。
其中第一个元素 OP 为操作符,后续元素均为其参数,参数个数取决于操作符类型。
注意:
参数 P1, P2 也有可能是另外一个嵌套的 (OP P1 P2 …) ,当前 OP 类型为 add / sub / mul / div(全小写),分别代表整数的加减乘除法,简单起见,所有 OP 参数个数均为 2 。
举例:
- 输入:(mul 3 -7)输出:-21
- 输入:(add 1 2) 输出:3
- 输入:(sub (mul 2 4) (div 9 3)) 输出 :5
- 输入:(div 1 0) 输出:error
题目涉及数字均为整数,可能为负;
不考虑 32 位溢出翻转,计算过程中也不会发生 32 位溢出翻转,
除零错误时,输出 “error”,
除法遇除不尽,向下取整,即 3/2 = 1
输入描述
输入为长度不超过512的字符串,用例保证了无语法错误
输出描述
输出计算结果或者“error”
用例1
输入
(div 12 (sub 45 45))
输出
error
说明
45减45得0,12除以0为除零错误,输出error
用例2
输入
(add 1 (div -7 3))
输出
-2
说明
-7除以3向下取整得-3,1加-3得-2
题解
思路:
纯逻辑题,难点在于将括号中的片段截取出来,我的处理方案是,遍历输入的每一个字符,当遇到")“时,则在其前面必然存在一个“(”,找到其前面第一个“(”,然后截取“(”和”)"之间的内容(从栈中截取走),进行计算,将结果回填如栈中。
c++
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int operate(const string& op, int p1, int p2) {
if (op == "add") return p1 + p2;
if (op == "sub") return p1 - p2;
if (op == "mul") return p1 * p2;
if (op == "div") {
if (p2 == 0) throw runtime_error("error");
return floor(1.0 * p1 / p2); // 向下取整
}
throw runtime_error("error");
}
string getResult(const string& s) {
// 记录一个括号开始之前栈中元素个数
stack<int> leftIdx;
// 存储运算符和运算数字
vector<string> stack;
for (size_t i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) {
if (s[i] == ')') {
int l = leftIdx.top();
leftIdx.pop();
vector<string> fragment(stack.begin() + l, stack.end());
stack.erase(stack.begin() + l, stack.end());
if (fragment.size() != 3) return "error";
try {
int p1 = stoi(fragment[1]);
int p2 = stoi(fragment[2]);
int res = operate(fragment[0], p1, p2);
stack.push_back(to_string(res));
} catch (...) {
return "error";
}
} else if (s[i] == '(') {
leftIdx.push(stack.size());
} else if (s[i] != ' ') {
string token;
while (i < s.length() && s[i] != ' ' && s[i] != ')') {
token += s[i];
++i;
}
--i;
stack.push_back(token);
}
}
return stack.empty() ? "error" : stack[0];
}
int main() {
string s;
getline(cin, s);
try {
cout << getResult(s) << endl;
} catch (const exception& e) {
cout << "error" << endl;
}
return 0;
}
JAVA
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(getResult(sc.nextLine()));
}
public static String getResult(String s) {
LinkedList<Character> stack = new LinkedList<>();
LinkedList<Integer> leftIdx = new LinkedList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
char c = s.charAt(i);
if (c == ')') {
List<Character> fragment = stack.subList(leftIdx.removeLast(), stack.size());
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int j = 1; j < fragment.size(); j++) sb.append(fragment.get(j));
fragment.clear();
String[] tmp = sb.toString().split(" ");
String op = tmp[0];
int p1 = Integer.parseInt(tmp[1]);
int p2 = Integer.parseInt(tmp[2]);
String res = operate(op, p1, p2);
if ("error".equals(res)) {
return "error";
} else {
for (int k = 0; k < res.length(); k++) stack.add(res.charAt(k));
}
} else if (c == '(') {
leftIdx.add(stack.size());
stack.add(c);
} else {
stack.add(c);
}
}
StringBuilder ans = new StringBuilder();
for (Character c : stack) ans.append(c);
return ans.toString();
}
public static String operate(String op, int p1, int p2) {
switch (op) {
case "add":
return p1 + p2 + "";
case "sub":
return p1 - p2 + "";
case "mul":
return p1 * p2 + "";
case "div":
return p2 == 0 ? "error" : (int) Math.floor(p1 / (p2 + 0.0)) + "";
default:
return "error";
}
}
}
Python
import math
# 输入获取
s = input()
def operate(op, p1, p2):
p1 = int(p1)
p2 = int(p2)
if op == "add":
return str(p1 + p2)
elif op == "sub":
return str(p1 - p2)
elif op == "mul":
return str(p1 * p2)
elif op == "div":
if p2 == 0:
return "error"
else:
return str(int(math.floor(p1 / p2)))
else:
return "error"
# 算法入口
def getResult():
stack = []
leftIdx = []
for i in range(len(s)):
if s[i] == ')':
l = leftIdx.pop()
fragment = stack[l:]
del stack[l:]
op, p1, p2 = "".join(fragment[1:]).split(" ")
res = operate(op, p1, p2)
if res == "error":
return "error"
else:
stack.extend(list(res))
elif s[i] == '(':
leftIdx.append(len(stack))
stack.append(s[i])
else:
stack.append(s[i])
return "".join(stack)
# 调用算法
print(getResult())
JavaScript
/* JavaScript Node ACM模式 控制台输入获取 */
const readline = require("readline");
const rl = readline.createInterface({
input: process.stdin,
output: process.stdout,
});
rl.on("line", (line) => {
console.log(getResult(line));
});
function getResult(s) {
const stack = [];
const leftIdx = [];
for (let i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
if (s[i] === ")") {
const fragment = stack.splice(leftIdx.pop());
const [op, p1, p2] = fragment.slice(1).join("").split(" ");
const res = operate(op, p1 - 0, p2 - 0);
if (res === "error") return "error";
else stack.push(...String(res));
} else if (s[i] === "(") {
leftIdx.push(stack.length);
stack.push(s[i]);
} else {
stack.push(s[i]);
}
}
return stack.join("");
}
function operate(op, p1, p2) {
switch (op) {
case "add":
return p1 + p2;
case "sub":
return p1 - p2;
case "mul":
return p1 * p2;
case "div":
return p2 === 0 ? "error" : Math.floor(p1 / p2);
}
}
Go
package main
import (
"bufio"
"fmt"
"math"
"os"
"strconv"
)
// operate 计算加、减、乘、除运算
func operate(op string, p1, p2 int) (int, error) {
switch op {
case "add":
return p1 + p2, nil
case "sub":
return p1 - p2, nil
case "mul":
return p1 * p2, nil
case "div":
if p2 == 0 {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("error") // 返回错误
}
return int(math.Floor(float64(p1) / float64(p2))), nil
default:
return 0, fmt.Errorf("error") // 无效运算符
}
}
// getResult 解析 LISP 表达式并计算结果
func getResult(s string) string {
var stack []string
var leftIdx []int // 记录 '(' 在 stack 中的索引
for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
if s[i] == ')' {
// 取出最近的 '(' 位置
if len(leftIdx) == 0 {
return "error"
}
l := leftIdx[len(leftIdx)-1]
leftIdx = leftIdx[:len(leftIdx)-1]
// 取出括号内的内容
fragment := stack[l:]
stack = stack[:l] // 移除括号内的内容
if len(fragment) != 3 {
return "error"
}
// 解析操作符和两个操作数
p1, err1 := strconv.Atoi(fragment[1])
p2, err2 := strconv.Atoi(fragment[2])
if err1 != nil || err2 != nil {
return "error"
}
// 执行计算
res, err := operate(fragment[0], p1, p2)
if err != nil {
return "error"
}
// 结果存入 stack
stack = append(stack, strconv.Itoa(res))
} else if s[i] == '(' {
leftIdx = append(leftIdx, len(stack))
} else if s[i] != ' ' {
// 读取完整的 token
token := ""
for i < len(s) && s[i] != ' ' && s[i] != ')' {
token += string(s[i])
i++
}
i-- // 回退一格防止跳过字符
stack = append(stack, token)
}
}
if len(stack) != 1 {
return "error"
}
return stack[0]
}
func main() {
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
if scanner.Scan() {
expr := scanner.Text()
fmt.Println(getResult(expr))
}
}