一，安装

 1.1、安装containerd

 下载

https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.7.24/cri-containerd-cni-1.7.24-linux-amd64.tar.gz

wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.7.24/cri-containerd-cni-1.7.24-linux-amd64.tar.gz

 解压

tar xf cri-containerd-cni-1.7.24-linux-amd64.tar.gz

cp usr/local/bin/containerd /usr/local/bin/

配置开机启动（使用默认配置）

cp etc/systemd/system/containerd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

 检查是否安装成功

containerd --help
NAME:
   containerd - 
                    __        _                     __
  _________  ____  / /_____ _(_)___  ___  _________/ /
 / ___/ __ \/ __ \/ __/ __ `/ / __ \/ _ \/ ___/ __  /
/ /__/ /_/ / / / / /_/ /_/ / / / / /  __/ /  / /_/ /
\___/\____/_/ /_/\__/\__,_/_/_/ /_/\___/_/   \__,_/

high performance container runtime


USAGE:
   containerd [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]

VERSION:
   v1.7.24

DESCRIPTION:
   
containerd is a high performance container runtime whose daemon can be started
by using this command. If none of the *config*, *publish*, *oci-hook*, or *help* commands
are specified, the default action of the **containerd** command is to start the
containerd daemon in the foreground.


A default configuration is used if no TOML configuration is specified or located
at the default file location. The *containerd config* command can be used to
generate the default configuration for containerd. The output of that command
can be used and modified as necessary as a custom configuration.

COMMANDS:
   config    Information on the containerd config
   publish   Binary to publish events to containerd
   oci-hook  Provides a base for OCI runtime hooks to allow arguments to be injected.
   help, h   Shows a list of commands or help for one command

GLOBAL OPTIONS:
   --config value, -c value     Path to the configuration file (default: "/etc/containerd/config.toml")
   --log-level value, -l value  Set the logging level [trace, debug, info, warn, error, fatal, panic]
   --address value, -a value    Address for containerd's GRPC server
   --root value                 containerd root directory
   --state value                containerd state directory
   --help, -h                   show help
   --version, -v                print the version

创建配置文件夹 

mkdir /etc/containerd/

生成默认配置

containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

 查看配置文件

cat /etc/containerd/config.toml 
disabled_plugins = []
imports = []
oom_score = 0
plugin_dir = ""
required_plugins = []
root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"
temp = ""
version = 2

[cgroup]
  path = ""

[debug]
  address = ""
  format = ""
  gid = 0
  level = ""
  uid = 0

[grpc]
  address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
  gid = 0
  max_recv_message_size = 16777216
  max_send_message_size = 16777216
  tcp_address = ""
  tcp_tls_ca = ""
  tcp_tls_cert = ""
  tcp_tls_key = ""
  uid = 0

[metrics]
  address = ""
  grpc_histogram = false

[plugins]

  [plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
    deletion_threshold = 0
    mutation_threshold = 100
    pause_threshold = 0.02
    schedule_delay = "0s"
    startup_delay = "100ms"

  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
    cdi_spec_dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
    device_ownership_from_security_context = false
    disable_apparmor = false
    disable_cgroup = false
    disable_hugetlb_controller = true
    disable_proc_mount = false
    disable_tcp_service = true
    drain_exec_sync_io_timeout = "0s"
    enable_cdi = false
    enable_selinux = false
    enable_tls_streaming = false
    enable_unprivileged_icmp = false
    enable_unprivileged_ports = false
    ignore_deprecation_warnings = []
    ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
    image_pull_progress_timeout = "5m0s"
    image_pull_with_sync_fs = false
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    max_container_log_line_size = 16384
    netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
    restrict_oom_score_adj = false
    sandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.8"
    selinux_category_range = 1024
    stats_collect_period = 10
    stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
    stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
    stream_server_port = "0"
    systemd_cgroup = false
    tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
    unset_seccomp_profile = ""

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
      bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
      conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
      conf_template = ""
      ip_pref = ""
      max_conf_num = 1
      setup_serially = false

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
      default_runtime_name = "runc"
      disable_snapshot_annotations = true
      discard_unpacked_layers = false
      ignore_blockio_not_enabled_errors = false
      ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false
      no_pivot = false
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        privileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""
        sandbox_mode = ""
        snapshotter = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
          base_runtime_spec = ""
          cni_conf_dir = ""
          cni_max_conf_num = 0
          container_annotations = []
          pod_annotations = []
          privileged_without_host_devices = false
          privileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = false
          runtime_engine = ""
          runtime_path = ""
          runtime_root = ""
          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
          sandbox_mode = "podsandbox"
          snapshotter = ""

          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
            BinaryName = ""
            CriuImagePath = ""
            CriuPath = ""
            CriuWorkPath = ""
            IoGid = 0
            IoUid = 0
            NoNewKeyring = false
            NoPivotRoot = false
            Root = ""
            ShimCgroup = ""
            SystemdCgroup = false

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        privileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""
        sandbox_mode = ""
        snapshotter = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
      key_model = "node"

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
      config_path = ""

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
      tls_cert_file = ""
      tls_key_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
    path = "/opt/containerd"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
    interval = "10s"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
    content_sharing_policy = "shared"

  [plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
    no_prometheus = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.nri.v1.nri"]
    disable = true
    disable_connections = false
    plugin_config_path = "/etc/nri/conf.d"
    plugin_path = "/opt/nri/plugins"
    plugin_registration_timeout = "5s"
    plugin_request_timeout = "2s"
    socket_path = "/var/run/nri/nri.sock"

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]
    no_shim = false
    runtime = "runc"
    runtime_root = ""
    shim = "containerd-shim"
    shim_debug = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
    platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
    sched_core = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
    default = ["walking"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]
    blockio_config_file = ""
    rdt_config_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.blockfile"]
    fs_type = ""
    mount_options = []
    root_path = ""
    scratch_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
    async_remove = false
    base_image_size = ""
    discard_blocks = false
    fs_options = ""
    fs_type = ""
    pool_name = ""
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]
    mount_options = []
    root_path = ""
    sync_remove = false
    upperdir_label = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.transfer.v1.local"]
    config_path = ""
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    max_concurrent_uploaded_layers = 3

    [[plugins."io.containerd.transfer.v1.local".unpack_config]]
      differ = ""
      platform = "linux/amd64"
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"

[proxy_plugins]

[stream_processors]

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"

[timeouts]
  "io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.metrics.shimstats" = "2s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"

[ttrpc]
  address = ""
  gid = 0
  uid = 0

修改配置文件

vim  /etc/containerd/config.toml

 更改沙箱镜像地址

    #sandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.8"
    sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.8"

配置私有镜像仓库Harbor服务器地址

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]
        #以下内容为私有Harbor仓库地址
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."192.168.74.129:5000"]
          endpoint = ["http://192.168.74.129:5000"]

 设为开机启动、并检查状态

#开机启动 
systemctl enable containerd
#立即启动
systemctl start containerd
#查看状态
systemctl status containerd

1.2、安装ctr工具

cp usr/local/bin/ctr /usr/bin/

1.3、安装runC

下载runC

https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/36960321/003e9b27-6b65-4b53-ab1f-1cdaeba4e640?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=releaseassetproduction%2F20250123%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250123T050501Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=437d4621e4b6eb9c1f2c13931cbb157f077530ed5a7bae7ae8ae580e053661ec&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Drunc.amd64&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream

wget https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/36960321/003e9b27-6b65-4b53-ab1f-1cdaeba4e640?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=releaseassetproduction%2F20250123%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250123T050501Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=437d4621e4b6eb9c1f2c13931cbb157f077530ed5a7bae7ae8ae580e053661ec&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Drunc.amd64&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream

 安装runC

mv runc.amd64 /usr/sbin/runc

 分配权限

chmod +x /usr/sbin/runc

检查版本

runc -v

二，containerd基础命令使用

2.1、镜像管理命令

1. 查看镜像

   • 命令：ctr images ls 或 ctr i ls
   • 描述：列出当前可用的镜像。

2. 拉取镜像

   • 命令：ctr images pull
   • 描述：从远程仓库拉取镜像到本地。
   • 常用参数：-k，跳过TLS验证（如果仓库不支持HTTPS）。
   • 示例：ctr images pull docker.io/library/nginx:latest

3. 导出镜像

   • 命令：ctr images export
   • 描述：将镜像导出到文件中。
   • 常用参数：目标文件名。
   • 示例：ctr images export nginx.tar docker.io/library/nginx:latest

4. 导入镜像

   • 命令：ctr images import
   • 描述：将文件中的镜像导入到本地。
   • 常用参数：镜像文件路径。
   • 示例：ctr images import nginx.tar

2.2、容器管理命令

1. 查看容器

   • 命令：ctr containers ls 或 ctr c ls
   • 描述：列出当前所有容器。

2. 创建容器

   • 命令：ctr container create
   • 描述：创建一个新的容器，但容器不会立即启动。
   • 常用参数：
     • --image 或 -i：指定容器镜像。
     • --name：指定容器名称。
   • 示例：ctr container create docker.io/library/nginx:latest mynginx

3. 启动容器

   • 命令：ctr task start
   • 描述：启动一个静态容器（之前通过ctr container create创建的容器）。
   • 常用参数：容器ID或名称。
   • 示例：ctr task start mynginx

4. 在容器中执行命令

   • 命令：ctr task exec
   • 描述：在运行的容器中执行命令。
   • 常用参数：
     • --exec-id：执行ID（可以自定义）。
     • 容器ID或名称：要执行的命令（如/bin/sh）。
   • 示例：ctr task exec --exec-id 1 mynginx -t /bin/sh

5. 停止并删除容器

   • 通常使用ctr task kill发送信号来停止容器，然后使用ctr container delete删除容器。
   • ctr task kill的-s参数可以指定发送的信号（默认为SIGKILL）。
   • 示例：
     • 停止容器：ctr task kill mynginx
     • 删除容器：ctr container delete mynginx

2.3、其他常用命令

• 查看containerd版本

  • 命令：containerd --version

• 启动containerd服务

  • 命令：systemctl start containerd && systemctl enable containerd && systemctl status containerd

• 配置containerd

  • 可以通过修改/etc/containerd/config.toml文件来配置containerd，例如配置镜像仓库加速地址等。

三、containerd连接私有镜像仓库

3.1、修改配置

vim  /etc/containerd/config.toml

     [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]
       [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."192.168.74.129:5000".auth]
          username = "admin"
          password = "Harbor12345"

          # 注释上面那行，添加下面两行
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."192.168.74.129:5000"]
          endpoint = ["http://192.168.74.129:5000"]

192.168.74.129:5000是我自己搭建的Harbor私有仓库

 Harbor私有仓库搭建请参考：搭建Docker私有仓库Harbor_dockerhub私人仓库管理-CSDN博客

 3.2、推送镜像到私有仓库

更改镜像名称

ctr images tag docker.io/nginx:alpine3.20 192.168.74.129:5000/test_obj/docker.io/nginx:alpine3.20

推送镜像 

 #推送镜像
ctr images push --plain-http -u admin:Harbor12345  192.168.74.129:5000/test_obj/docker.io/nginx:alpine3.20 

 -u admin:Harbor12345，私有仓库的用户名和密码

--plain-http:私有仓库仅支持http方式（ctr 拉取、推送 默认是https）

四、启动镜像并访问

先安装runc-v2程序

cp usr/local/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2 /usr/local/bin/

关闭防火墙，方便其他设别访问端口服务 

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

4.1、启动容器

ctr run -d --net-host 192.168.74.129:5000/test_obj/docker.io/nginx:alpine3.20 

局域网其他设备此时就能访问这个nginx服务了

4.2、进入容器内部

ctr task exec --exec-id  75085 -t  my-nginx sh

75085 是taskid 可以通过 ctr task ls 查看 

进入容器内部后 可查看文件信息

4.3、停止容器

 停止容器

ctr t rm my-nginx

删除容器 

ctr c rm my-nginx