从根源分析，调试，定位和解决MacOS ld: unsupported tapi file type ‘!tapi-tbd‘ in YAML file

    你要是遇到同样错误，找一圈都没有解决，建议认真读一下本文，这个应该是最终极的解决办法，从原理上剖析了产生的原因，同时给出来了调试和定位的办法。

    maccos使用brew安装了一个gcc14, 结果编译一个最简单的程序都报错，如下：

gcc-14 test.c -o t
ld: unsupported tapi file type '!tapi-tbd' in YAML file '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX11.sdk/usr/lib/libSystem.tbd' for architecture x86_64
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

        查了网上是说libSystem.tbd和ld不一致引起的。现在不知道ld是调用了哪份，当前系统一堆不同版本的。

      一般的解决办法如下：

      

sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools
xcode-select --install

        但是我试了并没有用，同时使用clang编译是正常的，说明这个CommandLineTools没有问题的。

       没有办法了，只好自己来分析一下了。

        首先使用 dtruss跟踪一下系统api调用，发现ld应该是posix_spawn调用了。如下：

sudo dtruss gcc-14 test.c -o t
Password:
SYSCALL(args) 		 = return


open("/dev/dtracehelper\0", 0x2, 0x0)		 = 3 0
ioctl(0x3, 0x80086804, 0x7FFEEF6B3560)		 = 0 0
close(0x3)		 = 0 0
mprotect(0x1006EF000, 0x48000, 0x1)		 = 0 0
access("/AppleInternal/XBS/.isChrooted\0", 0x0, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
bsdthread_register(0x7FFF2034746C, 0x7FFF20347458, 0x2000)		 = 1073742047 0
shm_open(0x7FFF2021DF66, 0x0, 0x2021CC3A)		 = 3 0
fstat64(0x3, 0x7FFEEF6B23D0, 0x0)		 = 0 0
mmap(0x0, 0x1000, 0x1, 0x40001, 0x3, 0x0)		 = 0x1007DD000 0
close(0x3)		 = 0 0
ioctl(0x2, 0x4004667A, 0x7FFEEF6B2494)		 = 0 0
mprotect(0x1007E3000, 0x1000, 0x0)		 = 0 0
mprotect(0x1007F2000, 0x1000, 0x0)		 = 0 0
mprotect(0x1007F3000, 0x1000, 0x0)		 = 0 0
mprotect(0x100802000, 0x1000, 0x0)		 = 0 0
mprotect(0x100803000, 0x1000, 0x0)		 = 0 0
mprotect(0x100812000, 0x1000, 0x0)		 = 0 0
mprotect(0x1007DE000, 0x90, 0x1)		 = 0 0
mprotect(0x100813000, 0x1000, 0x1)		 = 0 0
mprotect(0x1007DE000, 0x90, 0x3)		 = 0 0
mprotect(0x1007DE000, 0x90, 0x1)		 = 0 0
issetugid(0x0, 0x0, 0x0)		 = 0 0
getpid(0x0, 0x0, 0x0)		 = 86951 0
stat64("/AppleInternal\0", 0x7FFEEF6B29C0, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
csops_audittoken(0x153A7, 0x7, 0x7FFEEF6B24F0)		 = -1 Err#22
proc_info(0x2, 0x153A7, 0xD)		 = 64 0
csops_audittoken(0x153A7, 0x7, 0x7FFEEF6B25E0)		 = -1 Err#22
sysctlbyname(kern.system_version_compat, 0x1A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7FFEEF6B2A7C)		 = 0 0
ioctl(0x2, 0x4004667A, 0x7FFEEF6B4594)		 = 0 0
ioctl(0x2, 0x4004667A, 0x7FFEEF6B45A4)		 = 0 0
ioctl(0x2, 0x4004667A, 0x7FFEEF6B4594)		 = 0 0
sysctl([CTL_KERN, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0] (2), 0x7FFEEF6B45D0, 0x7FFEEF6B45C0, 0x0, 0x0)		 = 0 0
sigaction(0x2, 0x7FFEEF6B45D8, 0x7FFEEF6B4600)		 = 0 0
sigaction(0x2, 0x7FFEEF6B45D8, 0x7FFEEF6B4600)		 = 0 0
sigaction(0x1, 0x7FFEEF6B45D8, 0x7FFEEF6B4600)		 = 0 0
sigaction(0x1, 0x7FFEEF6B45D8, 0x7FFEEF6B4600)		 = 0 0
sigaction(0xF, 0x7FFEEF6B45D8, 0x7FFEEF6B4600)		 = 0 0
sigaction(0xF, 0x7FFEEF6B45D8, 0x7FFEEF6B4600)		 = 0 0
sigaction(0xD, 0x7FFEEF6B45D8, 0x7FFEEF6B4600)		 = 0 0
sigaction(0xD, 0x7FFEEF6B45D8, 0x7FFEEF6B4600)		 = 0 0
sigaction(0x14, 0x7FFEEF6B45D8, 0x7FFEEF6B4600)		 = 0 0
getrlimit(0x1003, 0x7FFEEF6B4600, 0x0)		 = 0 0
setrlimit(0x1003, 0x7FFEEF6B4600, 0x0)		 = 0 0
access("/Volumes/10136/flutter/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/cuda/lib/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/cuda/extras/CUPTI/lib/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/anaconda3/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/anaconda3/condabin/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/Volumes/data/Codes/android-ndk-r10e/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/Applications/Cocos/frameworks/cocos2d-x-3.5/tools/cocos2d-console/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4440, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/\0", 0x7FFEEF6B1D68, 0x0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/bin\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
readlink("/usr/local/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x7FFEEF6B2AB0, 0x400)		 = 33 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
access("/Volumes/10136/flutter/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/cuda/lib/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/cuda/extras/CUPTI/lib/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/anaconda3/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/anaconda3/condabin/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/Volumes/data/Codes/android-ndk-r10e/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/Applications/Cocos/frameworks/cocos2d-x-3.5/tools/cocos2d-console/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4440, 0x0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/bin\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
readlink("/usr/local/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x7FFEEF6B2AB0, 0x400)		 = 33 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/gcc-14\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B36B0)		 = 0 0
access("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = 0 0
access("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = 0 0
open_nocancel(".\0", 0x0, 0x0)		 = 3 0
fstat64(0x3, 0x7FFEEF6B1D20, 0x0)		 = 0 0
fcntl_nocancel(0x3, 0x32, 0x7FFEEF6B40E0)		 = 0 0
close_nocancel(0x3)		 = 0 0
stat64("/Volumes/evo2T/src/paq8px/mybuild\0", 0x7FFEEF6B1C90, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/Volumes/evo2T/src/paq8px/mybuild\0", 0x7FFEEF6B2338, 0x0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/Volumes/evo2T/src/paq8px/mybuild/test.c\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B3C80)		 = 0 0
open_nocancel(".\0", 0x0, 0x0)		 = 3 0
fstat64(0x3, 0x7FFEEF6B1D20, 0x0)		 = 0 0
fcntl_nocancel(0x3, 0x32, 0x7FFEEF6B40E0)		 = 0 0
close_nocancel(0x3)		 = 0 0
stat64("/Volumes/evo2T/src/paq8px/mybuild\0", 0x7FFEEF6B1C90, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/Volumes/evo2T/src/paq8px/mybuild\0", 0x7FFEEF6B2338, 0x0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/Volumes/evo2T/src/paq8px/mybuild/t\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B3C80)		 = 0 0
access("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = 0 0
access("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = 0 0
access("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/specs\0", 0x4, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/specs\0", 0x4, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/specs\0", 0x4, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/lib/specs\0", 0x4, 0x0)	 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/opt/gcc/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/specs\0", 0x4, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
access("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/lto-wrapper\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4450, 0x0)		 = 0 0
access("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/lto-wrapper\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = 0 0
access("/var/tmp/\0", 0x7, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/var/tmp/\0", 0x7FFEEF6B3630, 0x0)		 = 0 0
getentropy(0x7FFEEF6B3070, 0x20, 0x0)		 = 0 0
getentropy(0x7FFEEF6B30C0, 0x40, 0x0)		 = 0 0
fstatat64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE, 0x7FA4C6C04200, 0x7FFEEF6B31B0)		 = 0 0
openat_nocancel(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE, 0x7FA4C6C04200, 0xA02)		 = 3 0
close(0x3)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/cc1\0", 0x7FFEEF6B34B0, 0x0)		 = 0 0
access("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/cc1\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = 0 0
posix_spawn(0x7FFEEF6B355C, 0x7FA4C6C05D20, 0x7FFEEF6B3480)		 = 0 0
wait4(0x153A9, 0x7FA4C6C05850, 0x0)		 = 86953 0
fstatat64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE, 0x7FA4C6D04080, 0x7FFEEF6B2E90)		 = 0 0
openat_nocancel(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE, 0x7FA4C6D04080, 0xA02)		 = 3 0
close(0x3)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/as\0", 0x7FFEEF6B42C0, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/as\0", 0x7FFEEF6B42C0, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/bin/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/as\0", 0x7FFEEF6B42C0, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/bin/as\0", 0x7FFEEF6B42C0, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
posix_spawn(0x7FFEEF6B436C, 0x7FFEEF6B3F10, 0x7FFEEF6B38B0)		 = -1 Err#2
posix_spawn(0x7FFEEF6B436C, 0x7FFEEF6B3F10, 0x7FFEEF6B38B0)		 = -1 Err#2
posix_spawn(0x7FFEEF6B436C, 0x7FFEEF6B3F10, 0x7FFEEF6B38B0)		 = -1 Err#2
posix_spawn(0x7FFEEF6B436C, 0x7FFEEF6B3F10, 0x7FFEEF6B38B0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/anaconda3/bin/as\0", 0x7FFEEF6B3E40, 0x0)		 = 0 0
wait4(0x153AD, 0x7FA4C6E04090, 0x0)		 = 86957 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/collect2\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4450, 0x0)		 = 0 0
access("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/collect2\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4430, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4430, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/bin/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4430, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/bin/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4430, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4430, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4430, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4430, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/lib/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4430, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4430, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B4430, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B3470, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B3470, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B3470, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/lib/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B3470, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B3470, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B3470, 0x0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B2CB0, 0x0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B2CB0, 0x0)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/x86_64-apple-darwin20\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B2CB0, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
getattrlist("/usr\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/x86_64-apple-darwin20\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/lib/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B2CB0, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
getattrlist("/usr\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/x86_64-apple-darwin20\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = -1 Err#2
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/../../../x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B2CB0, 0x0)		 = -1 Err#2
getattrlist("/usr\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
getattrlist("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14\0", 0x7FFF202A1644, 0x7FFEEF6B2500)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/lib/gcc/current/.\0", 0x7FFEEF6B2CB0, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/collect2\0", 0x7FFEEF6B43A0, 0x0)		 = 0 0
access("/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/collect2\0", 0x1, 0x0)		 = 0 0
posix_spawn(0x7FFEEF6B444C, 0x7FA4C6D049B0, 0x7FFEEF6B4370)		 = 0 0
ld: unsupported tapi file type '!tapi-tbd' in YAML file '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX11.sdk/usr/lib/libSystem.tbd' for architecture x86_64
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
wait4(0x153B4, 0x7FA4C6D05AF0, 0x0)		 = 86964 0
stat64("/var/tmp//ccJ8HKNk.o\0", 0x7FFEEF6B45A0, 0x0)		 = 0 0
unlink("/var/tmp//ccJ8HKNk.o\0", 0x0, 0x0)		 = 0 0
stat64("/var/tmp//ccDAFOTi.s\0", 0x7FFEEF6B45A0, 0x0)		 = 0 0
unlink("/var/tmp//ccDAFOTi.s\0", 0x0, 0x0)		 = 0 0

系统apiposix_spawn的参数没有打印出来，不知道为什么， lldb跟一下。

sudo lldb gcc-14
Password:
          ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
(lldb) target create "gcc-14"
Current executable set to 'gcc-14' (x86_64).
(lldb) b posix_spawn
Breakpoint 1: where = libsystem_kernel.dylib`posix_spawn, address = 0x00007fff202de1e9
(lldb) r test.c -o t
Process 87222 launched: '/usr/local/bin/gcc-14' (x86_64)
Process 87222 stopped
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
    frame #0: 0x00007fff2031c1e9 libsystem_kernel.dylib`posix_spawn
libsystem_kernel.dylib`posix_spawn:
->  0x7fff2031c1e9 <+0>: pushq  %rbp
    0x7fff2031c1ea <+1>: movq   %rsp, %rbp
    0x7fff2031c1ed <+4>: pushq  %r15
    0x7fff2031c1ef <+6>: pushq  %r14
Target 0: (gcc-14) stopped.
(lldb) p (char*)$rsi
(char *) $0 = 0x00000001005063c0 "/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/cc1"
(lldb) command add 1
invalid command 'command add'.
(lldb) breakpoint command add 1 
Enter your debugger command(s).  Type 'DONE' to end.
> p (char*)$rsi 
(lldb) c
Process 87222 resuming
(lldb)  p (char*)$rsi
(char *) $1 = 0x00007ffeefbfeea0 "/Volumes/10136/flutter/bin/as"

Process 87222 stopped
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
    frame #0: 0x00007fff2031c1e9 libsystem_kernel.dylib`posix_spawn
libsystem_kernel.dylib`posix_spawn:
->  0x7fff2031c1e9 <+0>: pushq  %rbp
    0x7fff2031c1ea <+1>: movq   %rsp, %rbp
    0x7fff2031c1ed <+4>: pushq  %r15
    0x7fff2031c1ef <+6>: pushq  %r14
Target 0: (gcc-14) stopped.
(lldb) c
Process 87222 resuming
(lldb)  p (char*)$rsi
(char *) $2 = 0x00007ffeefbfeea0 "/usr/local/cuda/lib/as"

Process 87222 stopped
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
    frame #0: 0x00007fff2031c1e9 libsystem_kernel.dylib`posix_spawn
libsystem_kernel.dylib`posix_spawn:
->  0x7fff2031c1e9 <+0>: pushq  %rbp
    0x7fff2031c1ea <+1>: movq   %rsp, %rbp
    0x7fff2031c1ed <+4>: pushq  %r15
    0x7fff2031c1ef <+6>: pushq  %r14
Target 0: (gcc-14) stopped.
(lldb) c
Process 87222 resuming
(lldb)  p (char*)$rsi
(char *) $3 = 0x00007ffeefbfeea0 "/usr/local/cuda/extras/CUPTI/lib/as"

Process 87222 stopped
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
    frame #0: 0x00007fff2031c1e9 libsystem_kernel.dylib`posix_spawn
libsystem_kernel.dylib`posix_spawn:
->  0x7fff2031c1e9 <+0>: pushq  %rbp
    0x7fff2031c1ea <+1>: movq   %rsp, %rbp
    0x7fff2031c1ed <+4>: pushq  %r15
    0x7fff2031c1ef <+6>: pushq  %r14
Target 0: (gcc-14) stopped.
(lldb) c
Process 87222 resuming
(lldb)  p (char*)$rsi
(char *) $4 = 0x00007ffeefbfeea0 "/usr/local/anaconda3/bin/as"

Process 87222 stopped
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
    frame #0: 0x00007fff2031c1e9 libsystem_kernel.dylib`posix_spawn
libsystem_kernel.dylib`posix_spawn:
->  0x7fff2031c1e9 <+0>: pushq  %rbp
    0x7fff2031c1ea <+1>: movq   %rsp, %rbp
    0x7fff2031c1ed <+4>: pushq  %r15
    0x7fff2031c1ef <+6>: pushq  %r14
Target 0: (gcc-14) stopped.
(lldb) c
Process 87222 resuming
(lldb)  p (char*)$rsi
(char *) $5 = 0x0000000100704b90 "/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/collect2"

Process 87222 stopped
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
    frame #0: 0x00007fff2031c1e9 libsystem_kernel.dylib`posix_spawn
libsystem_kernel.dylib`posix_spawn:
->  0x7fff2031c1e9 <+0>: pushq  %rbp
    0x7fff2031c1ea <+1>: movq   %rsp, %rbp
    0x7fff2031c1ed <+4>: pushq  %r15
    0x7fff2031c1ef <+6>: pushq  %r14
Target 0: (gcc-14) stopped.
(lldb) c
Process 87222 resuming
ld: unsupported tapi file type '!tapi-tbd' in YAML file '/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/lib/libSystem.tbd' for architecture x86_64
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Process 87222 exited with status = 1 (0x00000001)

发现是最后一个apiposix_spawn是调用/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/collect2

运行一下 它加一个-debug参数

 /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/collect2    -debug  
//...去掉一堆
Looking for 'gcc'
collect2 version 14.2.0
ld_file_name        = /usr/local/anaconda3/bin/ld
c_file_name         = /usr/bin/gcc
nm_file_name        = /usr/local/anaconda3/bin/nm
strip_file_name     = /usr/local/anaconda3/bin/strip
c_file              = a.out.cdtor.c
o_file              = a.out.cdtor.o

看起来是使用了 /usr/local/anaconda3/bin/ld 我晕。

这个一堆都使用了这个目录下的，先临时屏蔽一下，

mv  /usr/local/anaconda3/bin  /usr/local/anaconda3/bin.bak

再执行

 /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.2.0_1/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/14/collect2    -debug  
//...
Looking for 'gcc'
collect2 version 14.2.0
ld_file_name        = /usr/bin/ld
c_file_name         = /usr/bin/gcc
nm_file_name        = /usr/bin/nm
strip_file_name     = /usr/bin/strip
c_file              = a.out.cdtor.c
o_file              = a.out.cdtor.o

/usr/bin/ld
ld: warning: platform not specified
ld: warning: -arch not specified
ld: warning: No platform min-version specified on command line
ld: no object files specified
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

看起来好了，再试试编译

$  gcc-14 test.c -o t && ./t
Hello Cruel World!

完美解决！！

这个anaconda的ld和系统的是不匹配的，但是它为了penv把这个替换了，结果collect2使用了它设置的工具链的ld. 然后引起这个问题。

这个python连gcc也搞乱了，真是服，自己乱就好了。为什么祸害别人？

本文希望可以帮到需要的人，要是遇到这个的，可能原因不大一样，但是这个文章把debug和定位的方法和原理都告诉大家了，祝大好运！

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