aws(学习笔记第三课)

• 使用AWS CloudFormation

学习内容：

• AWS CloudFormation的模板解析
• 使用AWS CloudFormation启动ec2 server

1. AWS CloudFormation 的模版解析

1. CloudFormation模板结构
   CloudFormation是AWS的配置管理工具，属于Infrastructure as Code, IaC。基础设施即代码（Infrastructure as Code, IaC）是一种管理和配置计算机基础设施（如服务器、网络、存储等）的方法，通过编写代码来自动化这些过程，而不是手动进行配置。IaC 使得基础设施管理更为自动化、可重复、可靠和高效。

   {
       "AWSTemplateFormatVersion":"2010-09-09",
       "Description":"CloudFormation template structure",
       "Parameters":{
           [...]
       },
       "Resources":{
           [...]
       },
       "Outputs":{
           [...]
       }
   }
   

   大体分为，
   • 版本 "2010-09-09"是目前的唯一合法版本
   • 描述 这个模板是关于什么的
   • 参数 参数使用值用来定义模板。例如，域名，客户ID和数据库密码等。
   • 资源 资源是用户能描述的AWS最小组件，例如，虚拟服务器，负载均衡器或者弹性IP地址。
   • 输出 输出和参数有点像，输出从模板返回的信息。

2. CloudFormation参数类型

3. CloudFormation的具体实例

1. 实例代码

   {
   	"AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
   	"Description": "AWS cloudformation practice",
   	"Parameters": {
   		"KeyName": {
   			"Description": "Key Pair name",
   			"Type": "AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName",
   			"Default": "my-cli-key"
   		},
   		"VPC": {
   			"Description": "Just select the one and only default VPC",
   			"Type": "AWS::EC2::VPC::Id"
   		},
   		"Subnet": {
   			"Description": "Just select one of the available subnets",
   			"Type": "AWS::EC2::Subnet::Id"
   		},
   		"InstanceType": {
   			"Description": "Select one of the possible instance types",
   			"Type": "String",
   			"Default": "t2.micro",
   			"AllowedValues": ["t2.micro", "t2.small", "t2.medium"]
   		}
   	},
   	"Mappings": {
   		"EC2RegionMap": {
   			"ap-northeast-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-cbf90ecb"},
   			"ap-southeast-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-68d8e93a"},
   			"ap-southeast-2": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-fd9cecc7"},
   			"eu-central-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-a8221fb5"},
   			"eu-west-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-a10897d6"},
   			"sa-east-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-b52890a8"},
   			"us-east-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-1ecae776"},
   			"us-west-1": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-d114f295"},
   			"us-west-2": {"AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit": "ami-e7527ed7"}
   		}
   	},
   	"Resources": {
   		"SecurityGroup": {
   			"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup",
   			"Properties": {
   				"GroupDescription": "My security group",
   				"VpcId": {"Ref": "VPC"},
   				"SecurityGroupIngress": [{
   					"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0",
   					"FromPort": 22,
   					"IpProtocol": "tcp",
   					"ToPort": 22
   				}]
   			}
   		},
   		"Server": {
   			"Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
   			"Properties": {
   				"ImageId": {"Fn::FindInMap": ["EC2RegionMap", {"Ref": "AWS::Region"}, "AmazonLinuxAMIHVMEBSBacked64bit"]},
   				"InstanceType": {"Ref": "InstanceType"},
   				"KeyName": {"Ref": "KeyName"},
   				"SecurityGroupIds": [{"Ref": "SecurityGroup"}],
   				"SubnetId": {"Ref": "Subnet"}
   			}
   		}
   	},
   	"Outputs": {
   		"PublicName": {
   			"Value": {"Fn::GetAtt": ["Server", "PublicDnsName"]},
   			"Description": "Public name (connect via SSH as user ec2-user)"
   		}
   	}
   }
   

2. 为堆栈执行创建role
   • step1
   • step2
   • step3
     权限策略选择AdministratorAccess
     
   • step4
3. 建立堆栈执行CloudFormation
   • step1
   • step2
   • step3
   • step4
   • step5
     最后点击提交
4. 查看CloudFormation执行结果
   • 执行结果如下
     成功的话，会出现``CREATE_COMPLETE。
   • 查看ec2 server
   • 查看CloudFormation的Outputs
     
   • 登录CloudFormation创建的ec2 server
5. CloudFormation执行结果清理
   CloudFormation属于整体执行，执行清理，如果不想使用该stack，那么删除这个stack，这个stack创建的所有resources将全部被删除。