cobbler自动批量安装多版本操作系统

本次虚拟化环境为VMware Workstation Pro，cobbler服务端为CentOS7.9，需要自动安装的版本为CentOS7.9和CentOS8.1

一、安装cobbler服务端
- 1、修改YUM源
- 2、关闭防火墙
- 3、安装软件包
- 4、cobbler环境配置
- 5、解决语法问题
- 6、启动服务
- 7、导入镜像
- 8、自定义ks文件
- 9、修改启动菜单
- 10、自动安装操作系统
二、配置多版本自动安装系统
- 1、导入镜像
- 2、自定义ks文件
- 3、修改启动菜单
- 4、自动安装操作系统

一、安装cobbler服务端

1、修改YUM源

如果是内网服务器，有本地YUM源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mkdir ./repobak
mv ./*.repo ./repobak/

上传repo文件

yum clean all
yum makecache
yum repolist

如果有外网环境直接下载公网源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mkdir ./repobak
mv ./*.repo ./repobak/
curl -O https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
curl -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

2、关闭防火墙

关闭防火墙，selinux

systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
vim /etc/selinux/config

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3、安装软件包

yum install -y httpd dhcp xinetd tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web
cobbler语法检查前先启动http与cobbler
systemctl start httpd.service
systemctl start cobblerd.service

4、cobbler环境配置

cobbler check

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The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as re          achable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders.  If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux packag          e installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd           -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

5、解决语法问题

第1、2条

vim /etc/cobbler/settings

manage_dhcp: 1	
next_server: 192.168.241.128
server: 192.168.241.128
manage_rsync: 1
pxe_just_once: 1

第3条

vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

wait                    = no
disable                 = no

第4条
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders 中缺少一些网络引导加载器。如果只想处理 x86/x86_64 网络引导，则可以确保已安装 syslinux 包的最新版本，并且可以完全忽略此消息。如果想要支持所有体系结构，此目录中的文件应包括 pxelinux.0、menu.c32、elilo.efi 和 yaboot。

yum -y install syslinux

安装syslinux，不需要支持所有架构，便不用理会该警告

第5条

systemctl start rsyncd
systemctl enable rsyncd

第6条

yum  install  -y  pykickstart  debmirror
vi /etc/debmirror.conf  #注释掉 @dists 和 @arches 两行
#@dists="sid";
#@arches="i386";

第7条

 openssl passwd -1 -salt 'cobbler' '123456'

得到
$1$ cobbler$sqDDOBeLKJVmxTCZr52/11

vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$cobbler$sqDDOBeLKJVmxTCZr52/11"

cp /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template.bak
vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

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systemctl restart cobblerd.service
cobbler sync
cobbler check

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6、启动服务

systemctl status httpd dhcpd rsyncd tftp cobblerd
systemctl start httpd dhcpd rsyncd tftp cobblerd
systemctl enable httpd dhcpd rsyncd tftp cobblerd

7、导入镜像

导入镜像到cobbler服务端中
上传镜像，挂载镜像

mkdir /mnt/centos7.9
mount CentOS-7.9-x86_64-Everything-2207-02.iso  /mnt/centos7.9
cobbler import --path=/mnt/centos7.9 --name=CentOS-7.9-x86_64-Everything-2207-02 --arch=x86_64

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8、自定义ks文件

cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
ll
vim centos7u9.ks

以服务器版为例

#Kickstart Configurator for cobbler by KE HUIWEN
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#System  language
lang en_US
#System keyboard
keyboard us
#Sytem timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
#Use text mode install
text
#Install OS instead of upgrade
install
#Use NFS installation Media
url --url=$tree
#System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
#Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
#Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
#Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 --ondisk sda
part swap --fstype="swap" --size 4096 --ondisk sda
part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda
#System authorization infomation
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
#Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
#SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
#Do not configure XWindows
skipx
#Package install information
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end

%packages
@^infrastructure-server-environment
@base
@compat-libraries
@core
@debugging
@development
@directory-client
@guest-agents
@ha
@hardware-monitoring
@infiniband
@java-platform
@large-systems
@load-balancer
@network-file-system-client
@performance
@remote-system-management
@resilient-storage
@security-tools
@smart-card
@system-admin-tools
@virtualization-hypervisor
kexec-tools
%end
  
%post
systemctl disable postfix.service
%end

#指定启动文件，要手写，不要复制

cobbler profile edit --name "CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64"  --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7u9.ks

#修改centos配置文件中的kickstart值

cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
cobbler sync   #执行rsync同步，同步成功

查看kickstart 关联是否成功，注意是否修改成功

cobbler profile report

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9、修改启动菜单

cobbler system add  --name=default --profile=CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64
cobbler  system list
cobbler sync

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cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io/
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64

LABEL local
        MENU LABEL (local)
        MENU DEFAULT
        LOCALBOOT -1

LABEL CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64
        kernel /images/CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64/vmlinuz
        MENU LABEL CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64
        append initrd=/images/CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang=  text net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 kssendmac  ks=http://10.49.33.206/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64
        ipappend 2

MENU end

10、自动安装操作系统

新建虚拟机，安装客户机操作系统界面时选择稍后安装操作系统
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开启虚拟机，选择镜像安装

等待安装完成

二、配置多版本自动安装系统

1、导入镜像

上传镜像，挂载镜像

mkdir /mnt/centos8.1
mount CentOS-8.1.1911-x86_64-dvd1.iso  /mnt/centos8.1 
cobbler import --path=/mnt/centos8.1 --name=CentOS-8.1.1911-x86_64-dvd1 --arch=x86_64

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2、自定义ks文件

cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
ll
 vim centos8u1.ks

#安装服务器版centos
注意安装包会有所不同

#Kickstart Configurator for cobbler by KE HUIWEN
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#System  language
lang en_US
#System keyboard
keyboard us
#Sytem timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
#Use text mode install
text
#Install OS instead of upgrade
install
#Use NFS installation Media
url --url=$tree
#System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
#Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
#Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
#Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 --ondisk sda
part swap --fstype="swap" --size 4096 --ondisk sda
part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda
#System authorization infomation
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
#Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
#SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
#Do not configure XWindows
skipx
#Package install information
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end

%packages
@base
@core
@desktop-debugging
@dial-up
@fonts
@gnome-desktop
@guest-desktop-agents
@input-methods
@internet-browser
@java-platform
@multimedia
@network-file-system-client
@print-client
binutils
ftp
gcc
kernel-devel
kexec-tools
make
mesa-libxatracker
open-vm-tools
patch
xorg-x11-drv-vmware
%end
  
%post
systemctl disable postfix.service
%end

#指定启动文件，要手写，不要复制

cobbler profile edit --name "CentOS-8.1.1911-dvd1-x86_64" --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8u1.ks

#修改centos配置文件中的kickstart值

cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-8.1.1911-dvd1-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
cobbler sync   #执行rsync同步，同步成功

查看kickstart 关联是否成功，注意是否修改成功

cobbler profile report

在这里插入图片描述

3、修改启动菜单

cobbler system add  --name=centos8u1 --profile=CentOS-8.1.1911-dvd1-x86_64
cobbler  system list
cobbler sync

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cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io/
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64

LABEL local
        MENU LABEL (local)
        MENU DEFAULT
        LOCALBOOT -1

LABEL CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64
        kernel /images/CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64/vmlinuz
        MENU LABEL CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64
        append initrd=/images/CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang=  text net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 kssendmac  ks=http://192.168.241.128/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-7.9-Everything-2207-02-x86_64
        ipappend 2

LABEL CentOS-8.1.1911-dvd1-x86_64
        kernel /images/CentOS-8.1.1911-dvd1-x86_64/vmlinuz
        MENU LABEL CentOS-8.1.1911-dvd1-x86_64
        append initrd=/images/CentOS-8.1.1911-dvd1-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang=  text net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 kssendmac  ks=http://192.168.241.128/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-8.1.1911-dvd1-x86_64
        ipappend 2



MENU end