Qt程序打包成单个exe文件

文章目录

- 0. 准备工作
- 1. 使用 `windeployqt` 提取必要的动态链接库和资源文件
- - 1.1 操作步骤
  - 1.2 补充
- 2. 使用 `Enigma Virtual Box`将文件夹打包成单个exe
- - 2.1 操作步骤

0. 准备工作

Qt程序打包用到的工具有：

windeployqt ：安装Qt时自带
Enigma Virtual Box 下载地址：免费软件

1. 使用 `windeployqt` 提取必要的动态链接库和资源文件

★说明： 本文仅以笔者自己的Qt程序为例进行介绍，具体项目请作相应的修改。

1.1 操作步骤

步骤1. 新建文件夹，命名为iap
步骤2. 拷贝这执行文件
从Qt工程中的release文件夹中，将可执行文件拷贝到步骤1中新建的文件夹中
步骤3. 打开Qt终端

打开对应的Qt终端，本例中使用MinGW左编译器，因此打开Qt6.5.2（MinGW 11.2.0 64-bit）

在终端中进入到步骤1中创建好的文件夹
运行 windeployqt
指令如下

windeployqt appstm32iap_desktop.exe --qmldir D:\src\qt_ws\stm32iap_desktop\build-stm32iap_desktop-Desktop_Qt_6_5_2_MinGW_64_bit-Release

其中使用 --qmldir指定了QML-Imports的搜索路径，本例中该路径为工程中release的文件夹。

1.2 补充

补充1：
在其他的博客中仅使用windeployqt appstm32iap_desktop.exe即可完成。但在实际操作的过程中，打包完的exe无法运行（双击无反应），加入 --qmldir后问题解决。再此作为参考。

补充2
windeployqt具有的功能还有很多，一下列出--hekp-all的信息。

(base) PS C:\Users\HY\Desktop\iap> windeployqt --help-all
Please specify the binary or folder.

Usage: C:\Users\HY\anaconda3\Library\bin\windeployqt.exe [options] [files]
Qt Deploy Tool 5.15.2

The simplest way to use windeployqt is to add the bin directory of your Qt
installation (e.g. <QT_DIR\bin>) to the PATH variable and then run:
  windeployqt <path-to-app-binary>
If ICU, ANGLE, etc. are not in the bin directory, they need to be in the PATH
variable. If your application uses Qt Quick, run:
  windeployqt --qmldir <path-to-app-qml-files> <path-to-app-binary>

Options:
  -?, -h, --help              Displays help on commandline options.
  --help-all                  Displays help including Qt specific options.
  -v, --version               Displays version information.
  --dir <directory>           Use directory instead of binary directory.
  --libdir <path>             Copy libraries to path.
  --plugindir <path>          Copy plugins to path.
  --debug                     Assume debug binaries.
  --release                   Assume release binaries.
  --pdb                       Deploy .pdb files (MSVC).
  --force                     Force updating files.
  --dry-run                   Simulation mode. Behave normally, but do not
                              copy/update any files.
  --no-patchqt                Do not patch the Qt5Core library.
  --ignore-library-errors     Ignore errors when libraries cannot be found.
  --no-plugins                Skip plugin deployment.
  --no-libraries              Skip library deployment.
  --qmldir <directory>        Scan for QML-imports starting from directory.
  --qmlimport <directory>     Add the given path to the QML module search
                              locations.
  --no-quick-import           Skip deployment of Qt Quick imports.
  --translations <languages>  A comma-separated list of languages to deploy
                              (de,fi).
  --no-translations           Skip deployment of translations.
  --no-system-d3d-compiler    Skip deployment of the system D3D compiler.
  --compiler-runtime          Deploy compiler runtime (Desktop only).
  --no-virtualkeyboard        Disable deployment of the Virtual Keyboard.
  --no-compiler-runtime       Do not deploy compiler runtime (Desktop only).
  --webkit2                   Deployment of WebKit2 (web process).
  --no-webkit2                Skip deployment of WebKit2.
  --json                      Print to stdout in JSON format.
  --angle                     Force deployment of ANGLE.
  --no-angle                  Disable deployment of ANGLE.
  --no-opengl-sw              Do not deploy the software rasterizer library.
  --list <option>             Print only the names of the files copied.
                              Available options:
                               source:   absolute path of the source files
                               target:   absolute path of the target files
                               relative: paths of the target files, relative
                                         to the target directory
                               mapping:  outputs the source and the relative
                                         target, suitable for use within an
                                         Appx mapping file
  --verbose <level>           Verbose level (0-2).

Qt libraries can be added by passing their name (-xml) or removed by passing
the name prepended by --no- (--no-xml). Available libraries:
bluetooth concurrent core declarative designer designercomponents enginio
gamepad gui qthelp multimedia multimediawidgets multimediaquick network nfc
opengl positioning printsupport qml qmltooling quick quickparticles quickwidgets
script scripttools sensors serialport sql svg test webkit webkitwidgets
websockets widgets winextras xml xmlpatterns webenginecore webengine
webenginewidgets 3dcore 3drenderer 3dquick 3dquickrenderer 3dinput 3danimation
3dextras geoservices webchannel texttospeech serialbus webview

Arguments:
  [files]                     Binaries or directory containing the binary.

补充3
在windeployqt``可以加入--no-(xml)选项，以减少打包后的大小。本例中加入前为123MB，加入后减为57MB。最终的命令如下。

D:\Qt\6.5.2\mingw_64\bin\windeployqt.exe ^
 appstm32iap_desktop.exe --qmldir D:\src\qt_ws\stm32iap_desktop\build-stm32iap_desktop-Desktop_Qt_6_5_2_MinGW_64_bit-Release ^
--no-opengl-sw ^
--no-translations ^
--no-system-d3d-compiler ^
--no-3danimation ^
--no-3dcore ^
--no-3dextras ^
--no-3dinput ^
--no-3dlogic ^
--no-3dquick ^
--no-3dquickanimation ^
--no-3dquickextras ^
--no-3dquickinput ^
--no-3dquickrender ^
--no-3dquickscene2d ^
--no-3drender ^
--no-quick3d ^
--no-multimedia ^
--no-svg ^
--no-svgwidgets ^
--no-quick3d ^
--no-quick3dassetimport ^
--no-quick3dassetutils ^
--no-quick3deffects ^
--no-quick3dhelpers ^
--no-quick3dhelpersimpl ^
--no-quick3diblbaker ^
--no-quick3dparticleeffects ^
--no-quick3dparticles ^
--no-quick3dphysics ^
--no-quick3dphysicshelpers ^
--no-quick3druntimerender ^
--no-quick3dutils ^
--no-qmlintegration ^
--no-qmllocalstorage ^
--no-qmlxmllistmodel ^
--no-virtualkeyboard ^
--no-sql ^
--no-statemachine ^
--no-statemachineqml ^
--no-concurrent ^
--no-quicktimeline ^
--no-quicktest

可将上面指令保存到.bat的文件中，在Qt终端中运行。