前言

在kubenetes上安装了kube-promethues（包含Prometheus Operator）,程序正常跑起来了，主要是不知道如何配置规则文件和配置接收消息的对象。

1. 添加prometheus报警规则

kubectl get Prometheus -n 指定的命名空间（即Prometheus Operator安装的命名空间）

root@master2:~/dingtalk# kubectl get prometheus -n monitoring
NAME   VERSION   DESIRED   READY   RECONCILED   AVAILABLE   AGE
k8s    2.52.0    2         2       True         True        23h

查看详细内容

root@master2:~/dingtalk# kubectl get prometheus -n monitoring k8s -oyaml 
...
  ruleNamespaceSelector: {}
  ruleSelector:
    matchLabels:
      prometheus: k8s
      role: alert-rules
  scrapeConfigNamespaceSelector: {}
  scrapeConfigSelector: {}
  ...

里面有个重要的内容，即matchLables，所有规则文件都需要有"prometheus:k8s"和"role:alert-rules"，这样operator才会发现并自动创建。 非常重要

1.2 添加自定义报警规则文件

vim bm-custom-rules.yaml

内容如下，需要注意label：

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: PrometheusRule
metadata:
  labels:
    Prometheus: k8s
    Role: alert-rules
  name: prometheus-k8s-rules-wzq
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  groups: 
  - name: 主机状态-监控告警
    rules:
      - alert: 节点内存
        expr: (1 - (node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes)))* 100 > 85
        for: 1m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "内存使用率过高！"
          description: "节点{{$labels.instance}} 内存使用大于85%(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"
      - alert: 节点TCP会话
        expr: node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab > 1000
        for: 1m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "TCP_ESTABLISHED过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.instance }} TCP_ESTABLISHED大于1000%(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"
      - alert: 节点磁盘容量
        expr: max((node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"ext.?|xfs"}-node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext.?|xfs"}) *100/(node_filesystem_avail_bytes {fstype=~"ext.?|xfs"}+(node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"ext.?|xfs"}-node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext.?|xfs"})))by(instance) > 80
        for: 1m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "节点磁盘分区使用率过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.instance }} 磁盘分区使用大于80%(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"
      - alert: 节点CPU
        expr: (100 - (avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job=~".*",mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100)) > 85
        for: 1m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "节点CPU使用率过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.instance }} CPU使用率大于80%(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"
      - alert: 节点存活
        expr: up{job='node-exporter'} != 1
        for: 1m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "该节点已宕机"
          description: "{{$labels.instance }} 机器以宕机(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"

保存，并使用命令创建：

kubectl create -f bm-custom-rules.yaml

创建成功后，使用命令查询是否创建成功：

kubectl get PrometheusRule -n monitoring

已经创建成功,进入容器查看

kubectl exec -it prometheus-k8s-0 /bin/sh -n 命名空间
cd /etc/prometheus/rules/prometheus-k8s-rulefiles-0/
ls

到这里 prometheus 的自定义规则部署完成，接下来准备接入钉钉并完成报警

2. 配置钉钉报警

首先在钉钉群里配置钉钉机器人 获取到token及secret

alertmanager 的 receive 并不直接支持钉钉的 url，要部署插件容器 prometheus-webhook-dingtalk

并且有个需要注意的地方是，当 receives 为钉钉时 (webhook_configs)，它的告警模板不是在 alertmanager 的配置文件中指定的，而是在钉钉插件 prometheus-webhook-dingtalk 中指定的。

编写 prometheus-webhook-dingtalk 配置文件和模板

vim dingtalk-configmap.yaml，这里记的替换你的钉钉 url token。

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-config
  namespace: monitoring
data:
  config.yml: |-
    templates:
      - /etc/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/default.tmpl
    targets:
      webhook1:
        url: https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=1f315a3d3b68ae9a5df0f6cde411902c493a10bc3d6ed6bbba8cd8b4bcd1c848
        secret: SEC4d160d1d987b58a19e9a825b83715b253d0b6d0c255b5abb28c265798c535b7e
        message:
          text: '{{ template "default.tmpl" . }}'
 
  default.tmpl: |
    {{ define "default.tmpl" }}
 
    {{- if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 -}}
    {{- range $index, $alert := .Alerts -}}
 
    ============ = **<font color='#FF0000'>告警</font>** = =============  
  
    **告警名称:**    {{ $alert.Labels.alertname }}   
    **告警级别:**    {{ $alert.Labels.severity }} 级   
    **告警状态:**    {{ .Status }}   
    **告警实例:**    {{ $alert.Labels.instance }} {{ $alert.Labels.device }}   
    **告警概要:**    {{ .Annotations.summary }}   
    **告警详情:**    {{ $alert.Annotations.message }}{{ $alert.Annotations.description}}   
    **故障时间:**    {{ ($alert.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}  
    ============ = end = =============  
    {{- end }}
    {{- end }}
 
    {{- if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 -}}
    {{- range $index, $alert := .Alerts -}}
 
    ============ = <font color='#00FF00'>恢复</font> = =============   
 
    **告警实例:**    {{ .Labels.instance }}   
    **告警名称:**    {{ .Labels.alertname }}  
    **告警级别:**    {{ $alert.Labels.severity }} 级   
    **告警状态:**    {{   .Status }} 
    **告警概要:**    {{ $alert.Annotations.summary }}  
    **告警详情:**    {{ $alert.Annotations.message }}{{ $alert.Annotations.description}}  
    **故障时间:**    {{ ($alert.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}  
    **恢复时间:**    {{ ($alert.EndsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}  
 
    ============ = **end** = =============
    {{- end }}
    {{- end }}
    {{- end }}

然后创建 configmap

kubectl apply -f dingtalk-configmap.yaml

2.2 部署dingding插件

不同版本的插件指定配置文件的参数也不一样，这里部署的是 v2.1.0

vim dingtalk-webhook-deploy.yaml，这个文件不需要修改

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: dingtalk
  namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    app: dingtalk
spec:
  selector:
    app: dingtalk
  ports:
  - name: dingtalk
    port: 8060
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 8060
  
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: dingtalk
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: dingtalk
  template:
    metadata:
      name: dingtalk
      labels:
        app: dingtalk
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: dingtalk
        image: timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk:v2.1.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        args:
        - --web.listen-address=:8060
        - --config.file=/etc/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.yml
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8060
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config
          mountPath: /etc/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk
      volumes:
      - name: config
        configMap:
          name: prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-config

kubectl apply -f dingtalk-webhook-deploy.yaml

3. 编写alertmanager配置文件

此文件需要自己添加一条路由或用默认路由，和相应的接收者。

这里的接收者 webhook，其实是上面部署的钉钉插件 service 的地址

global:
  resolve_timeout: 1m
  smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.qq.com:25'
  smtp_from: '888888@qq.com'
  smtp_auth_username: '88888888@qq.com'
  smtp_auth_password: 'xxxxZXXX'
  smtp_require_tls: false


route:
  group_by: ['alertname','job']
  group_wait: 30s
  group_interval: 10s
  repeat_interval: 30m
  receiver: 'webhook'
  routes:
  - match:
      app: 'dingtalk'
    receiver: 'webhook'

receivers:
- name: 'webhook'
  webhook_configs:
  # 和插件不同 namespace 请填写 http://webhook-dingtalk.monitoring.svc.cluster.local:8060/dingtalk/webhook1/send
  - url: 'http://dingtalk:8060/dingtalk/webhook1/send'
    send_resolved: true

先将之前的 secret 对象删除

kubectl delete secret alertmanager-main -n monitoring
secret "alertmanager-main" deleted

kubectl create secret generic alertmanager-main --from-file=alertmanager.yaml -n monitoring
secret "alertmanager-main" created

删除alertmanager 的pod
等待一段时间 然后查看alermanager容器的日志有无报错