基于nginx 动态 URL反向代理的实现

背景：

        我们在项目中在这样一个场景，用户需要使用固定的软件资源，这些资源是以服务器或者以容器形式存在的。

        资源以webAPI方式在内网向外提供接口，资源分类多种类型，每种类型的资源程序和Wapi参数都一样。这些资源部属完成后使用IP＋端口进行区分。如下表所示

     

技术分析：

经过调研分析，发现Nginx 可以进行么向代理，代理后可以进行调度到内部的数据

技术验证：

1.使用静态方式在配置文件中直接写入

如下：

server {
        listen        22280;
        server_name  localhost;
        root   "D:/dist";
        location / {
            index index.php index.html error/index.html;
            error_page 400 /error/400.html;
            error_page 403 /error/403.html;
            error_page 404 /error/404.html;
            error_page 500 /error/500.html;
            error_page 501 /error/501.html;
            error_page 502 /error/502.html;
            error_page 503 /error/503.html;
            error_page 504 /error/504.html;
            error_page 505 /error/505.html;
            error_page 506 /error/506.html;
            error_page 507 /error/507.html;
            error_page 509 /error/509.html;
            error_page 510 /error/510.html;
            #include D:/Git/111/nginx.htaccess;
            autoindex  off;
			try_files $uri $uri/ @router; #需要指向下面的@router否则会出现vue的路由在nginx中刷新出现404
			index  index.html index.htm;
        }
		#反向代理 
		location /r1/ {     
			proxy_pass http://192.168.1.88:888/;            
        }
				location /r2/ {     
			proxy_pass http://192.168.1.88:887/;            
        }
				location /i1/ {     
			proxy_pass http://192.168.1.89:3333/;            
        }
				location /i2/ {     
			proxy_pass http://192.168.1.90:3333/;            
        }
 
  #对应上面的@router，主要原因是路由的路径资源并不是一个真实的路径，所以无法找到具体的文件
  #因此需要rewrite到index.html中，然后交给路由在处理请求资源
		location @router {
				rewrite ^.*$ /index.html last;
			}
        location ~ \.php(.*)$ {
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_split_path_info  ^((?U).+\.php)(/?.+)$;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param  PATH_INFO  $fastcgi_path_info;
            fastcgi_param  PATH_TRANSLATED  $document_root$fastcgi_path_info;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
}

使用此方式可以达到所需效果，但如果资源变化需要手动调整Nginx的配置文件。因此考虑有没有一种办法可以做到动态转发呢？

问题难点：

1.资源需要一定的规律性

2.nginx动态转发功能技术上需要进行预研，明确是否可行

实现过程：

1.确定方案

方案里我们准备采用 固定内容+端口号的形式来进行处理，在此之前我们需要把服务用K8S映射到

同一IP或者同一规则的内容上。并且对URL进行了定义 /rs/(\d+)/实际API  的形式进行调用

2.方案实现

我们假定所有的 k8s 把所有的服务地址都映射到了 192.168.1.88上，仅端口不同，使用不同的端口就可以调度到不同的服务。

部分配置如下：

		location /rs/(\d.+)/ {     
			proxy_pass http://localhost:$/;            
        }

运行报错 http 500

500 Internal Server Error
nginx/1.15.11
问题处理：
2024/03/22 17:07:35 [error] 5072#34752: *264 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:07:35 [error] 5072#34752: *265 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:08:15 [error] 5072#34752: *268 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:08:16 [error] 5072#34752: *269 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:08:16 [error] 5072#34752: *270 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:08:17 [error] 5072#34752: *271 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:09:24 [error] 5072#34752: *273 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:09:24 [error] 5072#34752: *274 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:09:25 [error] 5072#34752: *275 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:09:26 [error] 5072#34752: *276 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:09:27 [error] 5072#34752: *277 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:09:27 [error] 5072#34752: *278 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:09:35 [error] 5072#34752: *283 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:09:36 [error] 5072#34752: *284 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:09:36 [error] 5072#34752: *285 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:09:37 [error] 5072#34752: *286 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:09:38 [error] 5072#34752: *287 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:09:38 [error] 5072#34752: *288 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:10:00 [error] 5072#34752: *279 upstream prematurely closed connection while reading response header from upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /uuu/60000/api/sysAuth/index.html HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://192.168.27.51:60000/", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:10:00 [error] 5072#34752: *279 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while processing "/index.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /uuu/60000/api/sysAuth/index.html HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://192.168.27.51:60000/", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:10:01 [error] 5072#34752: *280 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280", referrer: "http://127.0.0.1:280/uuu/60000/api/sysAuth/index.html"
2024/03/22 17:11:05 [error] 5072#34752: *290 upstream timed out (10060: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond) while reading response header from upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /uuu/60000/api/sysAuth/index.html HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://192.168.27.51:60000/", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:11:05 [error] 5072#34752: *290 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while processing "/index.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /uuu/60000/api/sysAuth/index.html HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://192.168.27.51:60000/", host: "127.0.0.1:280"
2024/03/22 17:11:05 [error] 5072#34752: *293 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:280", referrer: "http://127.0.0.1:280/uuu/60000/api/sysAuth/index.html"
2024/03/22 17:14:18 [error] 8748#17732: *1 upstream timed out (10060: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond) while reading response header from upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /uuu/60000/index.html HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://192.168.27.51:60000/uuu/60000/index.html", host: "localhost:280"
2024/03/22 17:14:18 [error] 8748#17732: *1 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while processing "/index.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /uuu/60000/index.html HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://192.168.27.51:60000/uuu/60000/index.html", host: "localhost:280"
2024/03/22 17:14:19 [error] 8748#17732: *5 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:280", referrer: "http://localhost:280/uuu/60000/index.html"
2024/03/22 17:15:59 [error] 12116#31400: *4 upstream timed out (10060: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond) while reading response header from upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /uuu/60000/aaaa HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://192.168.27.51:60000/", host: "localhost:280"
2024/03/22 17:15:59 [error] 12116#31400: *4 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while processing "/index.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /uuu/60000/aaaa HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://192.168.27.51:60000/", host: "localhost:280"
2024/03/22 17:15:59 [error] 12116#31400: *7 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:280", referrer: "http://localhost:280/uuu/60000/aaaa"
2024/03/22 17:20:20 [error] 33904#20644: *1 upstream timed out (10060: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond) while reading response header from upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /uuu/60000/api/sysAuth/captcha HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://192.168.27.51:60000/", host: "localhost:280"
2024/03/22 17:20:20 [error] 33904#20644: *1 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while processing "/index.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /uuu/60000/api/sysAuth/captcha HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://192.168.27.51:60000/", host: "localhost:280"
2024/03/22 17:20:20 [error] 33904#20644: *4 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:280", referrer: "http://localhost:280/uuu/60000/api/sysAuth/captcha"
2024/03/22 17:24:31 [error] 41040#27804: *2 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:280", referrer: "http://localhost:280/uuu/5257/api/sysAuth/captcha"
2024/03/22 17:24:35 [error] 41040#27804: *4 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /_framework/aspnetcore-browser-refresh.js HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:280", referrer: "http://localhost:280/uuu/5257/index.html"
2024/03/22 17:24:35 [error] 41040#27804: *11 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /index-mini-profiler/includes.min.js?v=4.3.8+1120572909 HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:280", referrer: "http://localhost:280/uuu/5257/index.html"
2024/03/22 17:24:35 [error] 41040#27804: *12 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /_vs/browserLink HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:280", referrer: "http://localhost:280/uuu/5257/index.html"
2024/03/22 17:24:35 [error] 41040#27804: *13 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /swagger/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1/swagger.json HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:280", referrer: "http://localhost:280/uuu/5257/index.html"
2024/03/22 17:35:40 [error] 41512#41416: *8 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /_framework/aspnetcore-browser-refresh.js HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:280", referrer: "http://localhost:280/area/5257/index.html"
2024/03/22 17:35:40 [error] 41512#41416: *10 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /_vs/browserLink HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:280", referrer: "http://localhost:280/area/5257/index.html"
2024/03/22 17:35:40 [error] 41512#41416: *9 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /index-mini-profiler/includes.min.js?v=4.3.8+1120572909 HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:280", referrer: "http://localhost:280/area/5257/index.html"
2024/03/22 17:35:40 [error] 41512#41416: *2 rewrite or internal redirection cycle while redirect to named location "@router", client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /swagger/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1/swagger.json HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:280", referrer: "http://localhost:280/area/5257/index.html"

通过日志发现存在循环引用之类的

考虑使用URL重写改变下，路径。再使用proxy_pass反向代理。尝试修改nginx并进行修改。

问题解决
location ~ ^/rs/(\d.+)/{
			rewrite ^/rs/(\d+)/(.*)$ /$2 break;
			proxy_pass http://192.168.1.88:$1;  
        }

最终结果能够正常转发到指定端口，并且nginx 也不用修改配置，实现了动态端口反向代理。

在这个过程中我发现要实现/dir/port/xxx 这种进行反向代理必须与url重写结合使用。不然会报404.

完整能够成功运行的配置nginx.conf如下

server {
        listen        22280;
        server_name  localhost;
        root   "D:/dist";
        location / {
            index index.php index.html error/index.html;
            error_page 400 /error/400.html;
            error_page 403 /error/403.html;
            error_page 404 /error/404.html;
            error_page 500 /error/500.html;
            error_page 501 /error/501.html;
            error_page 502 /error/502.html;
            error_page 503 /error/503.html;
            error_page 504 /error/504.html;
            error_page 505 /error/505.html;
            error_page 506 /error/506.html;
            error_page 507 /error/507.html;
            error_page 509 /error/509.html;
            error_page 510 /error/510.html;
            #include D:/Git/111/nginx.htaccess;
            autoindex  off;
			try_files $uri $uri/ @router; #需要指向下面的@router否则会出现vue的路由在nginx中刷新出现404
			index  index.html index.htm;
        }
		#反向代理 
		location ~ ^/rs/(\d.+)/{
			rewrite ^/rs/(\d+)/(.*)$ /$2 break;
			proxy_pass http://192.168.1.88:$1;  
        }
 
  #对应上面的@router，主要原因是路由的路径资源并不是一个真实的路径，所以无法找到具体的文件
  #因此需要rewrite到index.html中，然后交给路由在处理请求资源
		location @router {
				rewrite ^.*$ /index.html last;
			}
        location ~ \.php(.*)$ {
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_split_path_info  ^((?U).+\.php)(/?.+)$;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param  PATH_INFO  $fastcgi_path_info;
            fastcgi_param  PATH_TRANSLATED  $document_root$fastcgi_path_info;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
}

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