1.Vue组件化编程(只有1个数字是一级标题)
1.1 模块与组件、模块化与组件化(两个数字组成是二级标题)
1.1.1模块(三个数字是三级标题 依次类推)
- 理解:向外提供特定功能的 js 程序,一般就是一个 js 文件
- 为什么:js 文件很多很复杂
- 作用:复用 js,简化 js 的编写,提高 js 运行效率
1.1.2. 组件
- 定义:用来实现局部功能的代码和资源的集合(html/css/js/image…)
- 为什么:一个界面的功能很复杂
- 作用:复用编码,简化项目编码,提高运行效率
1.1.3. 模块化
当应用中的 js 都以模块来编写的,那这个应用就是一个模块化的应用
1.1.4. 组件化
当应用中的功能都是多组件的方式来编写的,那这个应用就是一个组件化的应用
2.2. 非单文件组件
2.2.1. 基本使用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>基本使用</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<hr>
<!-- 第三步:编写组件标签 -->
<school></school>
<hr>
<!-- 第三步:编写组件标签 -->
<student></student>
</div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false
//第一步:创建school组件
const school = Vue.extend({
//组件定义时,一定不要写el配置项,因为最终所有的组件都要被一个vm管理,由vm决定服务于哪个容器。
template:`
<div class="demo">
<h2>学校名称:{{schoolName}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
</div>
`,
data(){
return {
schoolName:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京昌平'
}
}
})
//第一步:创建student组件
const student = Vue.extend({
template:`
<div>
<h2>学生姓名:{{studentName}}</h2>
<h2>学生年龄:{{age}}</h2>
</div>
`,
data(){
return {
studentName:'JOJO',
age:20
}
}
})
//创建vm
new Vue({
el:'#root',
data:{
msg:'你好,JOJO!'
},
//第二步:注册组件(局部注册)
components:{
school,
student
}
})
</script>
</html>
总结:
- Vue中使用组件的三大步骤:
- 定义组件(创建组件)
- 注册组件
- 使用组件(写组件标签)
- 如何定义一个组件?
使用Vue.extend(options)创建,其中options和new Vue(options)时传入的options几乎一样,但也有点区别:
1.el不要写,为什么?
最终所有的组件都要经过一个vm的管理,由vm中的el决定服务哪个容器
2.data必须写成函数,为什么?
避免组件被复用时,数据存在引用关系
- 如何注册组件?
- 局部注册:
new Vue
的时候传入components
选项 - 全局注册:
Vue.component('组件名',组件)
- 编写组件标签:
<school></school>
2.2.2. 组件注意事项
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>组件注意事项</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<school></school>
</div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false
const school = Vue.extend({
name:'atguigu',
template:`
<div>
<h2>学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
</div>
`,
data(){
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京'
}
}
})
new Vue({
el:'#root',
data:{
msg:'欢迎学习Vue!'
},
components:{
school
}
})
</script>
</html>
总结:
关于组件名:
- 一个单词组成:
- 第一种写法(首字母小写):school
- 第二种写法(首字母大写):School
- 多个单词组成:
- 第一种写法(kebab-case命名):my-school
- 第二种写法(CamelCase命名):MySchool (需要Vue脚手架支持)
- 备注:
- 组件名尽可能回避HTML中已有的元素名称,例如:h2、H2都不行
- 可以使用name配置项指定组件在开发者工具中呈现的名字
- 关于组件标签:
- 第一种写法:<school></school>
- 第二种写法:<school/>
- 备注:不使用脚手架时,<school/>会导致后续组件不能渲染
- 一个简写方式:const school = Vue.extend(options)可简写为:const school = options
2.2.3. 组件的嵌套
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>组件的嵌套</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root">
</div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false
//定义student组件
const student = Vue.extend({
template:`
<div>
<h2>学生名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生年龄:{{age}}</h2>
</div>
`,
data(){
return {
name:'JOJO',
age:20
}
}
})
//定义school组件
const school = Vue.extend({
template:`
<div>
<h2>学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
<student></student>
</div>
`,
components:{
student
},
data(){
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京'
}
}
})
//定义hello组件
const hello = Vue.extend({
template:`
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
`,
data(){
return {
msg:"欢迎学习尚硅谷Vue教程!"
}
}
})
//定义app组件
const app = Vue.extend({
template:`
<div>
<hello></hello>
<school></school>
</div>
`,
components:{
school,
hello
}
})
//创建vm
new Vue({
template:`
<app></app>
`,
el:'#root',
components:{
app
}
})
</script>
</html>
2.2.4. VueComponent
关于VueComponent:
- school组件本质是一个名为VueComponent的构造函数,且不是程序员定义的,是Vue.extend生成的
- 我们只需要写<school/>或<school></school>,Vue解析时会帮我们创建school组件的实例对象,即Vue帮我们执行的:new VueComponent(options)
- 特别注意:每次调用Vue.extend,返回的都是一个全新的VueComponent!
- 关于this指向:
- 组件配置中:data函数、methods中的函数、watch中的函数、computed中的函数 它们的this均是VueComponent实例对象
- new Vue(options)配置中:data函数、methods中的函数、watch中的函数、computed中的函数 它们的this均是Vue实例对象
5.VueComponent的实例对象,以后简称vc(也可称之为:组件实例对象)
Vue的实例对象,以后简称vm
只有在本笔记中VueComponent的实例对象才简称为vc
2.2.5. 一个重要的内置关系
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>一个重要的内置关系</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root">
<school></school>
</div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.prototype.x = 99
const school = Vue.extend({
name:'school',
template:`
<div>
<h2>学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
<button @click="showX">点我输出x</button>
</div>
`,
data(){
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京'
}
},
methods: {
showX(){
console.log(this.x)
}
},
})
const vm = new Vue({
el:'#root',
data:{
msg:'你好'
},
components:{school}
})
</script>
</html>
- 一个重要的内置关系:
VueComponent.prototype.__proto__ === Vue.prototype
- 为什么要有这个关系:让组件实例对象(vc)可以访问到 Vue 原型上的属性、方法
2.3. 单文件组件
- School.vue:
<template>
<div id='Demo'>
<h2>学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
<button @click="showName">点我提示学校名</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'School',
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京'
}
},
methods: {
showName(){
alert(this.name)
}
},
}
</script>
<style>
#Demo{
background: orange;
}
</style>
- Student.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生年龄:{{age}}</h2>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'JOJO',
age:20
}
},
}
</script>
- App.vue:
<template>
<div>
<School></School>
<Student></Student>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import School from './School.vue'
import Student from './Student.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{
School,
Student
}
}
</script>
- main.js:
import App from './App.vue'
new Vue({
template:`<App></App>`,
el:'#root',
components:{App}
})
- index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>单文件组件练习</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
<script src="../../js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="./main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
3. 使用Vue CLI脚手架
3.1. 初始化脚手架
3.1.1. 说明
- Vue 脚手架是 Vue 官方提供的标准化开发工具(开发平台)
- 最新的版本是 4.x
- 文档:Vue CLI
3.1.2. 具体步骤
- 如果下载缓慢请配置 npm 淘宝镜像:npm config set registry http://registry.npm.taobao.org
- 全局安装@vue/cli:npm install -g @vue/cli
- 切换到你要创建项目的目录,然后使用命令创建项目:vue create xxxx
- 选择使用vue的版本
- 启动项目:npm run serve
- 暂停项目:Ctrl+C
3.1.3. 分析脚手架结构
脚手架文件结构:
.文件目录
├── node_modules
├── public
│ ├── favicon.ico: 页签图标
│ └── index.html: 主页面
├── src
│ ├── assets: 存放静态资源
│ │ └── logo.png
│ │── component: 存放组件
│ │ └── HelloWorld.vue
│ │── App.vue: 汇总所有组件
│ └── main.js: 入口文件
├── .gitignore: git版本管制忽略的配置
├── babel.config.js: babel的配置文件
├── package.json: 应用包配置文件
├── README.md: 应用描述文件
└── package-lock.json: 包版本控制文件
src/components/School.vue
:
<template>
<div id='Demo'>
<h2>学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
<button @click="showName">点我提示学校名</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'School',
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京'
}
},
methods: {
showName() {
alert(this.name)
}
},
}
</script>
<style>
#Demo{
background: orange;
}
</style>
src/components/Student.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生年龄:{{age}}</h2>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'JOJO',
age:20
}
},
}
</script>
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<School></School>
<Student></Student>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import School from './components/School.vue'
import Student from './components/Student.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{
School,
Student
}
}
</script>
src/main.js
:
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
el:'#app',
render: h => h(App),
})
public/index.html
:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<!-- 针对IE浏览器的特殊配置,含义是让IE浏览器以最高渲染级别渲染页面 -->
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<!-- 开启移动端的理想端口 -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<!-- 配置页签图标 -->
<link rel="icon" href="<%= BASE_URL %>favicon.ico">
<!-- 配置网页标题 -->
<title><%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %></title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 容器 -->
<div id="app"></div>
</body>
</html>
3.1.4. render函数
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
el:'#app',
// 简写形式
render: h => h(App),
// 完整形式
// render(createElement){
// return createElement(App)
// }
})
总结:
关于不同版本的函数:
1.vue.js 与 vue.runtime.xxx.js的区别:
1. vue.js 是完整版的 Vue,包含:核心功能+模板解析器
2. vue.runtime.xxx.js 是运行版的 Vue,只包含核心功能,没有模板解析器
2.因为 vue.runtime.xxx.js 没有模板解析器,所以不能使用 template 配置项,需要使用 render函数接收到的createElement 函数去指定具体内容
3.1.5. 修改默认配置
vue.config.js
是一个可选的配置文件,如果项目的(和package.json
同级的)根目录中存在这个文件,那么它会被@vue/cli-service
自动加载- 使用
vue.config.js
可以对脚手架进行个性化定制,详见配置参考 | Vue CLI
module.exports = {
pages: {
index: {
// 入口
entry: 'src/index/main.js'
}
},
// 关闭语法检查
lineOnSave:false
}
3.2. ref属性
<template>
<div>
<h1 ref="title">{{msg}}</h1>
<School ref="sch"/>
<button @click="show" ref="btn">点我输出ref</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import School from './components/School.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components: { School },
data() {
return {
msg:'欢迎学习Vue!'
}
},
methods:{
show(){
console.log(this.$refs.title)
console.log(this.$refs.sch)
console.log(this.$refs.btn)
}
}
}
</script>
————————————————
总结:
ref属性:
- 被用来给元素或子组件注册引用信息(id的替代者)
- 应用在html标签上获取的是真实DOM元素,应用在组件标签上获取的是组件实例对象(vc)
- 使用方式:
1.打标识:<h1 ref="xxx"></h1> 或 <School ref="xxx"></School>
2.获取:this.$refs.xxx
3.3. props配置项
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<Student name="JOJO" sex="男酮" :age="20" />
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Student from './components/Student.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components: { Student },
}
————————————————
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_55593227/article/details/119717498
src/components/Student.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
<h2>学生年龄:{{age}}</h2>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
msg:"我是一名来自枝江大学的男酮,嘿嘿,我的金轮~~",
}
},
// 简单声明接收
// props:['name','age','sex']
// 接收的同时对数据进行类型限制
/* props:{
name:String,
age:Number,
sex:String
} */
// 接收的同时对数据进行类型限制 + 指定默认值 + 限制必要性
props:{
name:{
type:String,
required:true,
},
age:{
type:Number,
default:99
},
sex:{
type:String,
required:true
}
}
}
</script>
总结:
props
配置项:
-
功能:让组件接收外部传过来的数据
-
传递数据:
<Demo name="xxx"/>
-
接收数据:
-
1.第一种方式(只接收):
props:['name']
-
2.第二种方式(限制数据类型):
props:{name:String}
-
3.第三种方式(限制类型、限制必要性、指定默认值):
props:{
name:{
type:String, //类型
required:true, //必要性
default:'JOJO' //默认值
}
}
3.4. mixin混入
局部混入:
src/mixin.js
:
export const mixin = {
methods: {
showName() {
alert(this.name)
}
},
mounted() {
console.log("你好呀~")
}
}
src/components/School.vue
<template>
<div>
<h2 @click="showName">学校姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
</div>
</template>
<script>
//引入混入
import {mixin} from '../mixin'
export default {
name:'School',
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京'
}
},
mixins:[mixin]
}
</script>
src/components/Student.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<h2 @click="showName">学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
</div>
</template>
<script>
//引入混入
import {mixin} from '../mixin'
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'JOJO',
sex:'男'
}
},
mixins:[mixin]
}
</script>
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<School/>
<hr/>
<Student/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Student from './components/Student.vue'
import School from './components/School.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components: { Student,School },
}
</script>
全局混入:
src/main.js
:
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import {mixin} from './mixin'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.mixin(mixin)
new Vue({
el:"#app",
render: h => h(App)
})
总结:
mixin
(混入):
-
功能:可以把多个组件共用的配置提取成一个混入对象
-
使用方式:
1.定义混入:
const mixin = {
data(){....},
methods:{....}
....
}
2.使用混入:
1.全局混入:Vue.mixin(xxx)
2.局部混入:mixins:['xxx']
3.备注:
1.组件和混入对象含有同名选项时,这些选项将以恰当的方式进行“合并”,在发生冲突时以组件优先。
var mixin = {
data: function () {
return {
message: 'hello',
foo: 'abc'
}
}
}
new Vue({
mixins: [mixin],
data () {
return {
message: 'goodbye',
bar: 'def'
}
},
created () {
console.log(this.$data)
// => { message: "goodbye", foo: "abc", bar: "def" }
}
})
2.同名生命周期钩子将合并为一个数组,因此都将被调用。另外,混入对象的钩子将在组件自身钩子之前调用。
var mixin = {
created () {
console.log('混入对象的钩子被调用')
}
}
new Vue({
mixins: [mixin],
created () {
console.log('组件钩子被调用')
}
})
// => "混入对象的钩子被调用"
// => "组件钩子被调用"
3.5. plugin插件
src/plugin.js
:
export default {
install(Vue,x,y,z){
console.log(x,y,z)
//全局过滤器
Vue.filter('mySlice',function(value){
return value.slice(0,4)
})
//定义混入
Vue.mixin({
data() {
return {
x:100,
y:200
}
},
})
//给Vue原型上添加一个方法(vm和vc就都能用了)
Vue.prototype.hello = ()=>{alert('你好啊')}
}
}
src/main.js
:
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import plugin from './plugin'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(plugin,1,2,3)
new Vue({
el:"#app",
render: h => h(App)
})
src/components/School.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<h2>学校姓名:{{name | mySlice}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'School',
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷atguigu',
address:'北京'
}
}
}
</script>
src/components/Student.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
<button @click="test">点我测试hello方法</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'JOJO',
sex:'男'
}
},
methods:{
test() {
this.hello()
}
}
}
</script>
总结:
插件:
-
功能:用于增强Vue
-
本质:包含install方法的一个对象,install的第一个参数是Vue,第二个以后的参数是插件使用者传递的数据
-
定义插件:
plugin.install = function (Vue, options) {
// 1. 添加全局过滤器
Vue.filter(....)
// 2. 添加全局指令
Vue.directive(....)
// 3. 配置全局混入
Vue.mixin(....)
// 4. 添加实例方法
Vue.prototype.$myMethod = function () {...}
Vue.prototype.$myProperty = xxxx
}
4.使用插件:Vue.use(plugin)
3.6. scoped样式
src/components/School.vue
:
<template>
<div class="demo">
<h2>学校姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'School',
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京'
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.demo{
background-color: blueviolet;
}
</style>
src/components/Student.vue
<template>
<div class="demo">
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'JOJO',
sex:'男'
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.demo{
background-color: chartreuse;
}
</style>
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div>
<School/>
<Student/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Student from './components/Student.vue'
import School from './components/School.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components: { Student,School },
}
</script>
总结:
scoped
样式:
- 作用:让样式在局部生效,防止冲突
- 写法:
<style scoped>
3.7. Todo-List案例
src/components/MyHeader.vue
:
<template>
<div class="todo-header">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入你的任务名称,按回车键确认" @keydown.enter="add" v-model="title"/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {nanoid} from 'nanoid'
export default {
name:'MyHeader',
data() {
return {
title:''
}
},
methods:{
add(){
if(!this.title.trim()) return
const todoObj = {id:nanoid(),title:this.title,done:false}
this.addTodo(todoObj)
this.title = ''
}
},
props:['addTodo']
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.todo-header input {
width: 560px;
height: 28px;
font-size: 14px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 4px;
padding: 4px 7px;
}
.todo-header input:focus {
outline: none;
border-color: rgba(82, 168, 236, 0.8);
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075), 0 0 8px rgba(82, 168, 236, 0.6);
}
</style>
src/components/MyItem.vue
:
<template>
<li>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" :checked="todo.done" @click="handleCheck(todo.id)"/>
<span>{{todo.title}}</span>
</label>
<button class="btn btn-danger" @click="handleDelete(todo.id,todo.title)">删除</button>
</li>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'MyItem',
props:['todo','checkTodo','deleteTodo'],
methods:{
handleCheck(id){
this.checkTodo(id)
},
handleDelete(id,title){
if(confirm("确定删除任务:"+title+"吗?")){
this.deleteTodo(id)
}
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
li {
list-style: none;
height: 36px;
line-height: 36px;
padding: 0 5px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}
li label {
float: left;
cursor: pointer;
}
li label li input {
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 6px;
position: relative;
top: -1px;
}
li button {
float: right;
display: none;
margin-top: 3px;
}
li:before {
content: initial;
}
li:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
}
li:hover {
background-color: #eee;
}
li:hover button{
display: block;
}
</style>
src/components/MyList.vue
:
<template>
<ul class="todo-main">
<MyItem
v-for="todo in todos"
:key="todo.id"
:todo="todo"
:checkTodo="checkTodo"
:deleteTodo="deleteTodo"
/>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
import MyItem from './MyItem.vue'
export default {
name:'MyList',
components:{MyItem},
props:['todos','checkTodo','deleteTodo']
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.todo-main {
margin-left: 0px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 2px;
padding: 0px;
}
.todo-empty {
height: 40px;
line-height: 40px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 2px;
padding-left: 5px;
margin-top: 10px;
}
</style>
src/components/MyFooter.vue
:
<template>
<div class="todo-footer" v-show="total">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" v-model="isAll"/>
</label>
<span>
<span>已完成{{doneTotal}}</span> / 全部{{total}}
</span>
<button class="btn btn-danger" @click="clearAll">清除已完成任务</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'MyFooter',
props:['todos','checkAllTodo','clearAllTodo'],
computed:{
doneTotal(){
return this.todos.reduce((pre,todo)=> pre + (todo.done ? 1 : 0) ,0)
},
total(){
return this.todos.length
},
isAll:{
get(){
return this.total === this.doneTotal && this.total > 0
},
set(value){
this.checkAllTodo(value)
}
}
},
methods:{
clearAll(){
this.clearAllTodo()
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.todo-footer {
height: 40px;
line-height: 40px;
padding-left: 6px;
margin-top: 5px;
}
.todo-footer label {
display: inline-block;
margin-right: 20px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.todo-footer label input {
position: relative;
top: -1px;
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 5px;
}
.todo-footer button {
float: right;
margin-top: 5px;
}
</style>
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div id="root">
<div class="todo-container">
<div class="todo-wrap">
<MyHeader :addTodo="addTodo"/>
<MyList :todos="todos" :checkTodo="checkTodo" :deleteTodo="deleteTodo"/>
<MyFooter :todos="todos" :checkAllTodo="checkAllTodo" :clearAllTodo="clearAllTodo"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import MyHeader from './components/MyHeader.vue'
import MyList from './components/MyList.vue'
import MyFooter from './components/MyFooter.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components: { MyHeader,MyList,MyFooter },
data() {
return {
todos:[
{id:'001',title:'抽烟',done:false},
{id:'002',title:'喝酒',done:false},
{id:'003',title:'烫头',done:false},
]
}
},
methods:{
//添加一个todo
addTodo(todoObj){
this.todos.unshift(todoObj)
},
//勾选or取消勾选一个todo
checkTodo(id){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
if(todo.id === id) todo.done = !todo.done
})
},
//删除一个todo
deleteTodo(id){
this.todos = this.todos.filter(todo => todo.id !== id)
},
//全选or取消勾选
checkAllTodo(done){
this.todos.forEach(todo => todo.done = done)
},
//删除已完成的todo
clearAllTodo(){
this.todos = this.todos.filter(todo => !todo.done)
}
}
}
</script>
<style>
body {
background: #fff;
}
.btn {
display: inline-block;
padding: 4px 12px;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
border-radius: 4px;
}
.btn-danger {
color: #fff;
background-color: #da4f49;
border: 1px solid #bd362f;
}
.btn-danger:hover {
color: #fff;
background-color: #bd362f;
}
.btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
.todo-container {
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.todo-container .todo-wrap {
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
}
</style>
效果:
总结:
- 组件化编码流程:
- 拆分静态组件:组件要按照功能点拆分,命名不要与html元素冲突
- 实现动态组件:考虑好数据的存放位置,数据是一个组件在用,还是一些组件在用:
1.一个组件在用:放在组件自身即可
2. 一些组件在用:放在他们共同的父组件上(状态提升)
3.实现交互:从绑定事件开始
-
props
适用于:
- 父组件 ==> 子组件 通信
- 子组件 ==> 父组件 通信(要求父组件先给子组件一个函数)
-
使用
v-model
时要切记:v-model
绑定的值不能是props
传过来的值,因为props
是不可以修改的 -
props
传过来的若是对象类型的值,修改对象中的属性时Vue不会报错,但不推荐这样做
3.8. WebStorage
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>localStorage</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>localStorage</h2>
<button onclick="saveDate()">点我保存数据</button><br/>
<button onclick="readDate()">点我读数据</button><br/>
<button onclick="deleteDate()">点我删除数据</button><br/>
<button onclick="deleteAllDate()">点我清空数据</button><br/>
<script>
let person = {name:"JOJO",age:20}
function saveDate(){
localStorage.setItem('msg','localStorage')
localStorage.setItem('person',JSON.stringify(person))
}
function readDate(){
console.log(localStorage.getItem('msg'))
const person = localStorage.getItem('person')
console.log(JSON.parse(person))
}
function deleteDate(){
localStorage.removeItem('msg')
localStorage.removeItem('person')
}
function deleteAllDate(){
localStorage.clear()
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>sessionStorage</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>sessionStorage</h2>
<button onclick="saveDate()">点我保存数据</button><br/>
<button onclick="readDate()">点我读数据</button><br/>
<button onclick="deleteDate()">点我删除数据</button><br/>
<button onclick="deleteAllDate()">点我清空数据</button><br/>
<script>
let person = {name:"JOJO",age:20}
function saveDate(){
sessionStorage.setItem('msg','sessionStorage')
sessionStorage.setItem('person',JSON.stringify(person))
}
function readDate(){
console.log(sessionStorage.getItem('msg'))
const person = sessionStorage.getItem('person')
console.log(JSON.parse(person))
}
function deleteDate(){
sessionStorage.removeItem('msg')
sessionStorage.removeItem('person')
}
function deleteAllDate(){
sessionStorage.clear()
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
总结:
-
存储内容大小一般支持5MB左右(不同浏览器可能还不一样)
-
浏览器端通过
Window.sessionStorage
和Window.localStorage
属性来实现本地存储机制 -
相关API:
1.xxxStorage.setItem('key', 'value'):该方法接受一个键和值作为参数,会把键值对添加到存储中,如果键名存在,则更新其对应的值
2. xxxStorage.getItem('key'):该方法接受一个键名作为参数,返回键名对应的值
3. xxxStorage.removeItem('key'):该方法接受一个键名作为参数,并把该键名从存储中删除
4.xxxStorage.clear():该方法会清空存储中的所有数据
4.备注:
1.SessionStorage存储的内容会随着浏览器窗口关闭而消失
2.LocalStorage存储的内容,需要手动清除才会消失
3.xxxStorage.getItem(xxx)如果 xxx 对应的 value 获取不到,那么getItem()的返回值是null
4.JSON.parse(null)的结果依然是null
使用本地存储优化Todo-List:
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div id="root">
<div class="todo-container">
<div class="todo-wrap">
<MyHeader :addTodo="addTodo"/>
<MyList :todos="todos" :checkTodo="checkTodo" :deleteTodo="deleteTodo"/>
<MyFooter :todos="todos" :checkAllTodo="checkAllTodo" :clearAllTodo="clearAllTodo"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import MyHeader from './components/MyHeader.vue'
import MyList from './components/MyList.vue'
import MyFooter from './components/MyFooter.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components: { MyHeader,MyList,MyFooter },
data() {
return {
//若localStorage中存有'todos'则从localStorage中取出,否则初始为空数组
todos:JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('todos')) || []
}
},
methods:{
//添加一个todo
addTodo(todoObj){
this.todos.unshift(todoObj)
},
//勾选or取消勾选一个todo
checkTodo(id){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
if(todo.id === id) todo.done = !todo.done
})
},
//删除一个todo
deleteTodo(id){
this.todos = this.todos.filter(todo => todo.id !== id)
},
//全选or取消勾选
checkAllTodo(done){
this.todos.forEach(todo => todo.done = done)
},
//删除已完成的todo
clearAllTodo(){
this.todos = this.todos.filter(todo => !todo.done)
}
},
watch:{
todos:{
//由于todos是对象数组,所以必须开启深度监视才能发现数组中对象的变化
deep:true,
handler(value){
localStorage.setItem('todos',JSON.stringify(value))
}
}
}
}
</script>
<style>
body {
background: #fff;
}
.btn {
display: inline-block;
padding: 4px 12px;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
border-radius: 4px;
}
.btn-danger {
color: #fff;
background-color: #da4f49;
border: 1px solid #bd362f;
}
.btn-danger:hover {
color: #fff;
background-color: #bd362f;
}
.btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
.todo-container {
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.todo-container .todo-wrap {
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
}
</style>
3.9. 自定义事件
3.9.1. 绑定
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div class="app">
<!-- 通过父组件给子组件传递函数类型的props实现子给父传递数据 -->
<School :getSchoolName="getSchoolName"/>
<!-- 通过父组件给子组件绑定一个自定义事件实现子给父传递数据(第一种写法,使用@或v-on) -->
<!-- <Student @jojo="getStudentName"/> -->
<!-- 通过父组件给子组件绑定一个自定义事件实现子给父传递数据(第二种写法,使用ref) -->
<Student ref="student"/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Student from './components/Student.vue'
import School from './components/School.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components: { Student,School },
methods:{
getSchoolName(name){
console.log("已收到学校的名称:"+name)
},
getStudentName(name){
console.log("已收到学生的姓名:"+name)
}
},
mounted(){
this.$refs.student.$on('jojo',this.getStudentName)
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.app{
background-color: gray;
padding: 5px;
}
</style>
src/components/Student.vue
:
<template>
<div class="student">
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
<button @click="sendStudentName">点我传递学生姓名</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'JOJO',
sex:'男'
}
},
methods:{
sendStudentName(){
this.$emit('jojo',this.name)
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.student{
background-color: chartreuse;
padding: 5px;
margin-top: 30px;
}
</style>
————————————————
3.9.2. 解绑
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div class="app">
<Student @jojo="getStudentName"/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Student from './components/Student.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components: { Student },
methods:{
getStudentName(name){
console.log("已收到学生的姓名:"+name)
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.app{
background-color: gray;
padding: 5px;
}
</style>
src/components/Student.vue
:
<template>
<div class="student">
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
<button @click="sendStudentName">点我传递学生姓名</button>
<button @click="unbind">解绑自定义事件</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'JOJO',
sex:'男'
}
},
methods:{
sendStudentName(){
this.$emit('jojo',this.name)
},
unbind(){
// 解绑一个自定义事件
// this.$off('jojo')
// 解绑多个自定义事件
// this.$off(['jojo'])
// 解绑所有自定义事件
this.$off()
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.student{
background-color: chartreuse;
padding: 5px;
margin-top: 30px;
}
</style>
总结:
组件的自定义事件:
-
一种组件间通信的方式,适用于:==子组件 > 父组件
-
使用场景:A是父组件,B是子组件,B想给A传数据,那么就要在A中给B绑定自定义事件(事件的回调在A中)
-
绑定自定义事件:
1.第一种方式,在父组件中:<Demo @atguigu="test"/>
或 <Demo von:atguigu="test"/>
2.第二种方式,在父组件中:
<Demo ref="demo"/>
...
mounted(){
this.$refs.demo.$on('atguigu',data)
}
3.若想让自定义事件只能触发一次,可以使用once
修饰符,或$once
方法
4.触发自定义事件:this.$emit('atguigu',数据)
5.解绑自定义事件:this.$off('atguigu')
6.组件上也可以绑定原生DOM事件,需要使用native修饰符
7.注意:通过this.$refs.xxx.$on('atguigu',回调)
绑定自定义事件时,回调要么配置在methods中,要么用箭头函数,否则this指向会出问题!
使用自定义事件优化Todo-List:
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div id="root">
<div class="todo-container">
<div class="todo-wrap">
<MyHeader @addTodo="addTodo"/>
<MyList :todos="todos" :checkTodo="checkTodo" :deleteTodo="deleteTodo"/>
<MyFooter :todos="todos" @checkAllTodo="checkAllTodo" @clearAllTodo="clearAllTodo"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import MyHeader from './components/MyHeader.vue'
import MyList from './components/MyList.vue'
import MyFooter from './components/MyFooter.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components: { MyHeader,MyList,MyFooter },
data() {
return {
todos:JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('todos')) || []
}
},
methods:{
//添加一个todo
addTodo(todoObj){
this.todos.unshift(todoObj)
},
//勾选or取消勾选一个todo
checkTodo(id){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
if(todo.id === id) todo.done = !todo.done
})
},
//删除一个todo
deleteTodo(id){
this.todos = this.todos.filter(todo => todo.id !== id)
},
//全选or取消勾选
checkAllTodo(done){
this.todos.forEach(todo => todo.done = done)
},
//删除已完成的todo
clearAllTodo(){
this.todos = this.todos.filter(todo => !todo.done)
}
},
watch:{
todos:{
deep:true,
handler(value){
localStorage.setItem('todos',JSON.stringify(value))
}
}
}
}
</script>
<style>
body {
background: #fff;
}
.btn {
display: inline-block;
padding: 4px 12px;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
border-radius: 4px;
}
.btn-danger {
color: #fff;
background-color: #da4f49;
border: 1px solid #bd362f;
}
.btn-danger:hover {
color: #fff;
background-color: #bd362f;
}
.btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
.todo-container {
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.todo-container .todo-wrap {
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
}
</style>
src/components/MyHeader.vue
:
<template>
<div class="todo-header">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入你的任务名称,按回车键确认" @keydown.enter="add" v-model="title"/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {nanoid} from 'nanoid'
export default {
name:'MyHeader',
data() {
return {
title:''
}
},
methods:{
add(){
if(!this.title.trim()) return
const todoObj = {id:nanoid(),title:this.title,done:false}
this.$emit('addTodo',todoObj)
this.title = ''
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
/*header*/
.todo-header input {
width: 560px;
height: 28px;
font-size: 14px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 4px;
padding: 4px 7px;
}
.todo-header input:focus {
outline: none;
border-color: rgba(82, 168, 236, 0.8);
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075), 0 0 8px rgba(82, 168, 236, 0.6);
}
</style>
src/components/MyFooter
:
<template>
<div class="todo-footer" v-show="total">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" v-model="isAll"/>
</label>
<span>
<span>已完成{{doneTotal}}</span> / 全部{{total}}
</span>
<button class="btn btn-danger" @click="clearAll">清除已完成任务</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'MyFooter',
props:['todos'],
computed:{
doneTotal(){
return this.todos.reduce((pre,todo)=> pre + (todo.done ? 1 : 0) ,0)
},
total(){
return this.todos.length
},
isAll:{
get(){
return this.total === this.doneTotal && this.total > 0
},
set(value){
this.$emit('checkAllTodo',value)
}
}
},
methods:{
clearAll(){
this.$emit('clearAllTodo')
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.todo-footer {
height: 40px;
line-height: 40px;
padding-left: 6px;
margin-top: 5px;
}
.todo-footer label {
display: inline-block;
margin-right: 20px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.todo-footer label input {
position: relative;
top: -1px;
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 5px;
}
.todo-footer button {
float: right;
margin-top: 5px;
}
</style>
3.10. 全局事件总线
src/main.js
:
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
el:'#app',
render: h => h(App),
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this //安装全局事件总线
}
})
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div class="app">
<School/>
<Student/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Student from './components/Student'
import School from './components/School'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{School,Student}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.app{
background-color: gray;
padding: 5px;
}
</style>
src/components/School.vue
:
<template>
<div class="school">
<h2>学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'School',
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京',
}
},
methods:{
demo(data) {
console.log('我是School组件,收到了数据:',data)
}
},
mounted() {
this.$bus.$on('demo',this.demo)
},
beforeDestroy() {
this.$bus.$off('demo')
},
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.school{
background-color: skyblue;
padding: 5px;
}
</style>
src/components/Student.vue
:
<template>
<div class="student">
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
<button @click="sendStudentName">把学生名给School组件</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'张三',
sex:'男'
}
},
methods: {
sendStudentName(){
this.$bus.$emit('demo',this.name)
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.student{
background-color: pink;
padding: 5px;
margin-top: 30px;
}
</style>
总结:
全局事件总线(GlobalEventBus):
-
一种组件间通信的方式,适用于任意组件间通信
-
安装全局事件总线:
new Vue({
...
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this //安装全局事件总线,$bus就是当前应用的vm
},
...
})
3.使用事件总线:
1.接收数据:A组件想接收数据,则在A组件中给$bus
绑定自定义事件,事件的回调留在A组件 自身
export default {
methods(){
demo(data){...}
}
...
mounted() {
this.$bus.$on('xxx',this.demo)
}
}
2.提供数据:this.$bus.$emit('xxx',data)
4.最好在beforeDestroy
钩子中,用$off
去解绑当前组件所用到的事件
使用自定义事件优化Todo-List:
src/mian.js
:
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
el:"#app",
render: h => h(App),
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
}
})
src/components/App.vue
<template>
<div id="root">
<div class="todo-container">
<div class="todo-wrap">
<MyHeader @addTodo="addTodo"/>
<MyList :todos="todos"/>
<MyFooter :todos="todos" @checkAllTodo="checkAllTodo" @clearAllTodo="clearAllTodo"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import MyHeader from './components/MyHeader.vue'
import MyList from './components/MyList.vue'
import MyFooter from './components/MyFooter.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components: { MyHeader,MyList,MyFooter },
data() {
return {
todos:JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('todos')) || []
}
},
methods:{
//添加一个todo
addTodo(todoObj){
this.todos.unshift(todoObj)
},
//勾选or取消勾选一个todo
checkTodo(id){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
if(todo.id === id) todo.done = !todo.done
})
},
//删除一个todo
deleteTodo(id){
this.todos = this.todos.filter(todo => todo.id !== id)
},
//全选or取消勾选
checkAllTodo(done){
this.todos.forEach(todo => todo.done = done)
},
//删除已完成的todo
clearAllTodo(){
this.todos = this.todos.filter(todo => !todo.done)
}
},
watch:{
todos:{
deep:true,
handler(value){
localStorage.setItem('todos',JSON.stringify(value))
}
}
},
mounted(){
this.$bus.$on('checkTodo',this.checkTodo)
this.$bus.$on('deleteTodo',this.deleteTodo)
},
beforeDestroy(){
this.$bus.$off(['checkTodo','deleteTodo'])
}
}
</script>
<style>
body {
background: #fff;
}
.btn {
display: inline-block;
padding: 4px 12px;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
border-radius: 4px;
}
.btn-danger {
color: #fff;
background-color: #da4f49;
border: 1px solid #bd362f;
}
.btn-danger:hover {
color: #fff;
background-color: #bd362f;
}
.btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
.todo-container {
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.todo-container .todo-wrap {
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
}
</style>
src/components/MyItem.vue
:
<template>
<li>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" :checked="todo.done" @click="handleCheck(todo.id)"/>
<span>{{todo.title}}</span>
</label>
<button class="btn btn-danger" @click="handleDelete(todo.id,todo.title)">删除</button>
</li>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'MyItem',
props:['todo'],
methods:{
handleCheck(id){
this.$bus.$emit('checkTodo',id)
},
handleDelete(id,title){
if(confirm("确定删除任务:"+title+"吗?")){
this.$bus.$emit('deleteTodo',id)
}
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
li {
list-style: none;
height: 36px;
line-height: 36px;
padding: 0 5px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}
li label {
float: left;
cursor: pointer;
}
li label li input {
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 6px;
position: relative;
top: -1px;
}
li button {
float: right;
display: none;
margin-top: 3px;
}
li:before {
content: initial;
}
li:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
}
li:hover {
background-color: #eee;
}
li:hover button{
display: block;
}
</style>
3.11. 消息的订阅与发布
src/components/School.vue
:
<template>
<div class="school">
<h2>学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'
export default {
name:'School',
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京',
}
},
methods:{
demo(msgName,data) {
console.log('我是School组件,收到了数据:',data)
}
},
mounted() {
this.pubId = pubsub.subscribe('demo',this.demo) //订阅消息
},
beforeDestroy() {
pubsub.unsubscribe(this.pubId) //取消订阅
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.school{
background-color: skyblue;
padding: 5px;
}
</style>
src/components/Student.vue
:
<template>
<div class="student">
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
<button @click="sendStudentName">把学生名给School组件</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'JOJO',
sex:'男',
}
},
methods: {
sendStudentName(){
pubsub.publish('demo',this.name) //发布消息
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.student{
background-color: pink;
padding: 5px;
margin-top: 30px;
}
</style>
总结:
消息订阅与发布(pubsub):
-
消息订阅与发布是一种组件间通信的方式,适用于任意组件间通信
-
使用步骤:
1.安装pubsub:npm i pubsub-js
2.引入:import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'
3.接收数据:A组件想接收数据,则在A组件中订阅消息,订阅的回调留在A组件自身
export default {
methods(){
demo(data){...}
}
...
mounted() {
this.pid = pubsub.subscribe('xxx',this.demo)
}
}
4.提供数据:pubsub.publish('xxx',data)
5.最好在beforeDestroy
钩子中,使用pubsub.unsubscribe(pid)
取消订阅
使用消息的订阅与发布优化Todo-List:
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div id="root">
<div class="todo-container">
<div class="todo-wrap">
<MyHeader @addTodo="addTodo"/>
<MyList :todos="todos"/>
<MyFooter :todos="todos" @checkAllTodo="checkAllTodo" @clearAllTodo="clearAllTodo"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'
import MyHeader from './components/MyHeader.vue'
import MyList from './components/MyList.vue'
import MyFooter from './components/MyFooter.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components: { MyHeader,MyList,MyFooter },
data() {
return {
todos:JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('todos')) || []
}
},
methods:{
//添加一个todo
addTodo(todoObj){
this.todos.unshift(todoObj)
},
//勾选or取消勾选一个todo
checkTodo(_,id){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
if(todo.id === id) todo.done = !todo.done
})
},
//删除一个todo
deleteTodo(id){
this.todos = this.todos.filter(todo => todo.id !== id)
},
//全选or取消勾选
checkAllTodo(done){
this.todos.forEach(todo => todo.done = done)
},
//删除已完成的todo
clearAllTodo(){
this.todos = this.todos.filter(todo => !todo.done)
}
},
watch:{
todos:{
deep:true,
handler(value){
localStorage.setItem('todos',JSON.stringify(value))
}
}
},
mounted(){
this.pubId = pubsub.subscribe('checkTodo',this.checkTodo)
this.$bus.$on('deleteTodo',this.deleteTodo)
},
beforeDestroy(){
pubsub.unsubscribe(this.pubId)
this.$bus.$off('deleteTodo')
}
}
</script>
<style>
body {
background: #fff;
}
.btn {
display: inline-block;
padding: 4px 12px;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
border-radius: 4px;
}
.btn-danger {
color: #fff;
background-color: #da4f49;
border: 1px solid #bd362f;
}
.btn-danger:hover {
color: #fff;
background-color: #bd362f;
}
.btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
.todo-container {
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.todo-container .todo-wrap {
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
}
</style>
src/components/myItem.vue
:
<template>
<li>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" :checked="todo.done" @click="handleCheck(todo.id)"/>
<span>{{todo.title}}</span>
</label>
<button class="btn btn-danger" @click="handleDelete(todo.id,todo.title)">删除</button>
</li>
</template>
<script>
import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'
export default {
name:'MyItem',
props:['todo'],
methods:{
handleCheck(id){
pubsub.publish('checkTodo',id)
},
handleDelete(id,title){
if(confirm("确定删除任务:"+title+"吗?")){
this.$bus.$emit('deleteTodo',id)
}
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
li {
list-style: none;
height: 36px;
line-height: 36px;
padding: 0 5px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}
li label {
float: left;
cursor: pointer;
}
li label li input {
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 6px;
position: relative;
top: -1px;
}
li button {
float: right;
display: none;
margin-top: 3px;
}
li:before {
content: initial;
}
li:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
}
li:hover {
background-color: #eee;
}
li:hover button{
display: block;
}
</style>
3.12. $nextTick
使用$nextTick优化Todo-List:
src/App.vue
:
<template>
<div id="root">
<div class="todo-container">
<div class="todo-wrap">
<MyHeader @addTodo="addTodo"/>
<MyList :todos="todos"/>
<MyFooter :todos="todos" @checkAllTodo="checkAllTodo" @clearAllTodo="clearAllTodo"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'
import MyHeader from './components/MyHeader.vue'
import MyList from './components/MyList.vue'
import MyFooter from './components/MyFooter.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components: { MyHeader,MyList,MyFooter },
data() {
return {
todos:JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('todos')) || []
}
},
methods:{
//添加一个todo
addTodo(todoObj){
this.todos.unshift(todoObj)
},
//勾选or取消勾选一个todo
checkTodo(_,id){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
if(todo.id === id) todo.done = !todo.done
})
},
//删除一个todo
deleteTodo(id){
this.todos = this.todos.filter(todo => todo.id !== id)
},
//更新一个todo
updateTodo(id,title){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
if(todo.id === id) todo.title = title
})
},
//全选or取消勾选
checkAllTodo(done){
this.todos.forEach(todo => todo.done = done)
},
//删除已完成的todo
clearAllTodo(){
this.todos = this.todos.filter(todo => !todo.done)
}
},
watch:{
todos:{
deep:true,
handler(value){
localStorage.setItem('todos',JSON.stringify(value))
}
}
},
mounted(){
this.pubId = pubsub.subscribe('checkTodo',this.checkTodo)
this.$bus.$on('deleteTodo',this.deleteTodo)
this.$bus.$on('updateTodo',this.updateTodo)
},
beforeDestroy(){
pubsub.unsubscribe(this.pubId)
this.$bus.$off('deleteTodo')
this.$bus.$off('updateTodo')
}
}
</script>
<style>
body {
background: #fff;
}
.btn {
display: inline-block;
padding: 4px 12px;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
border-radius: 4px;
}
.btn-danger {
color: #fff;
background-color: #e04e49;
border: 1px solid #bd362f;
}
.btn-danger:hover {
color: #fff;
background-color: #bd362f;
}
.btn-info {
color: #fff;
background-color: rgb(50, 129, 233);
border: 1px solid rgb(1, 47, 212);
margin-right: 5px;
}
.btn-info:hover {
color: #fff;
background-color: rgb(1, 47, 212);
}
.btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
.todo-container {
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.todo-container .todo-wrap {
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
}
</style>
src/components/MyItem.vue
:
<template>
<li>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" :checked="todo.done" @click="handleCheck(todo.id)"/>
<span v-show="!todo.isEdit">{{todo.title}}</span>
<input type="text" v-show="todo.isEdit" :value="todo.title" @blur="handleBlur(todo,$event)" ref="inputTitle">
</label>
<button class="btn btn-danger" @click="handleDelete(todo.id,todo.title)">删除</button>
<button class="btn btn-info" v-show="!todo.isEdit" @click="handleEdit(todo)">编辑</button>
</li>
</template>
<script>
import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'
export default {
name:'MyItem',
props:['todo'],
methods:{
handleCheck(id){
pubsub.publish('checkTodo',id)
},
handleDelete(id,title){
if(confirm("确定删除任务:"+title+"吗?")){
this.$bus.$emit('deleteTodo',id)
}
},
handleEdit(todo){
// 如果todo自身有isEdit属性就将isEdit改成true
if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(todo,'isEdit')){
todo.isEdit = true
}else{
// 如果没有就向todo中添加一个响应式的isEdit属性并设为true
this.$set(todo,'isEdit',true)
}
// 当Vue重新编译模板之后执行$nextTick()中的回调函数
this.$nextTick(function(){
// 使input框获取焦点
this.$refs.inputTitle.focus()
})
},
// 当input框失去焦点时更新
handleBlur(todo,event){
todo.isEdit = false
if(!event.target.value.trim()) return alert('输入不能为空!')
this.$bus.$emit('updateTodo',todo.id,event.target.value)
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
li {
list-style: none;
height: 36px;
line-height: 36px;
padding: 0 5px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}
li label {
float: left;
cursor: pointer;
}
li label li input {
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 6px;
position: relative;
top: -1px;
}
li button {
float: right;
display: none;
margin-top: 3px;
}
li:before {
content: initial;
}
li:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
}
li:hover {
background-color: #eee;
}
li:hover button{
display: block;
}
</style>
Todo-List最终效果:
总结:
$nextTick: