18.HTTPS和身份验证

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1. HTTPS和身份验证

Prometheus支持basic auth和TLS两种身份认证方式。一般情况下我们使用basic auth基础认证方式，也就是账号和密码验证。

我们可以将身份认证配置信息（如：账号和密码）配置到任意配置文件中（如：basic_auth.yml），然后通过“--web.config.file=/etc/prometheus/basic_auth.yml”命令行标志参数指定身份认证配置文件的路径。应注意：身份认证的配置文件的内容必须是YAML格式的！

1.1.身份认证配置语法

tls_server_config:
  # Certificate and key files for server to use to authenticate to client.
  cert_file: <filename>
  key_file: <filename>

  # Server policy for client authentication. Maps to ClientAuth Policies.
  # For more detail on clientAuth options:
  # https://golang.org/pkg/crypto/tls/#ClientAuthType
  #
  # NOTE: If you want to enable client authentication, you need to use
  # RequireAndVerifyClientCert. Other values are insecure.
  [ client_auth_type: <string> | default = "NoClientCert" ]

  # CA certificate for client certificate authentication to the server.
  [ client_ca_file: <filename> ]

  # Verify that the client certificate has a Subject Alternate Name (SAN)
  # which is an exact match to an entry in this list, else terminate the
  # connection. SAN match can be one or multiple of the following: DNS,
  # IP, e-mail, or URI address from https://pkg.go.dev/crypto/x509#Certificate.
  [ client_allowed_sans:
    [ - <string> ] ]

  # Minimum TLS version that is acceptable.
  [ min_version: <string> | default = "TLS12" ]

  # Maximum TLS version that is acceptable.
  [ max_version: <string> | default = "TLS13" ]

  # List of supported cipher suites for TLS versions up to TLS 1.2. If empty,
  # Go default cipher suites are used. Available cipher suites are documented
  # in the go documentation:
  # https://golang.org/pkg/crypto/tls/#pkg-constants
  #
  # Note that only the cipher returned by the following function are supported:
  # https://pkg.go.dev/crypto/tls#CipherSuites
  [ cipher_suites:
    [ - <string> ] ]

  # prefer_server_cipher_suites controls whether the server selects the
  # client's most preferred ciphersuite, or the server's most preferred
  # ciphersuite. If true then the server's preference, as expressed in
  # the order of elements in cipher_suites, is used.
  [ prefer_server_cipher_suites: <boolean> | default = true ]

  # Elliptic curves that will be used in an ECDHE handshake, in preference
  # order. Available curves are documented in the go documentation:
  # https://golang.org/pkg/crypto/tls/#CurveID
  [ curve_preferences:
    [ - <string> ] ]

http_server_config:
  # Enable HTTP/2 support. Note that HTTP/2 is only supported with TLS.
  # This can not be changed on the fly.
  [ http2: <boolean> | default = true ]
  # List of headers that can be added to HTTP responses.
  [ headers:
    # Set the Content-Security-Policy header to HTTP responses.
    # Unset if blank.
    [ Content-Security-Policy: <string> ]
    # Set the X-Frame-Options header to HTTP responses.
    # Unset if blank. Accepted values are deny and sameorigin.
    # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Frame-Options
    [ X-Frame-Options: <string> ]
    # Set the X-Content-Type-Options header to HTTP responses.
    # Unset if blank. Accepted value is nosniff.
    # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Content-Type-Options
    [ X-Content-Type-Options: <string> ]
    # Set the X-XSS-Protection header to all responses.
    # Unset if blank.
    # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-XSS-Protection
    [ X-XSS-Protection: <string> ]
    # Set the Strict-Transport-Security header to HTTP responses.
    # Unset if blank.
    # Please make sure that you use this with care as this header might force
    # browsers to load Prometheus and the other applications hosted on the same
    # domain and subdomains over HTTPS.
    # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Strict-Transport-Security
    [ Strict-Transport-Security: <string> ] ]

# Usernames and hashed passwords that have full access to the web
# server via basic authentication. If empty, no basic authentication is
# required. Passwords are hashed with bcrypt.
basic_auth_users:
  [ <string>: <secret> ... ]

配置参数中，basic_auth_users参数中可以配置多个用户和密码（key为用户，value为bcrypt加密后的密码）。

1.2.身份认证配置实例

# TLS and basic authentication configuration example.
#
# Additionally, a certificate and a key file are needed.
tls_server_config:
  cert_file: server.crt
  key_file: server.key

# Usernames and passwords required to connect to Prometheus.
# Passwords are hashed with bcrypt: https://github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit/blob/master/docs/web-configuration.md#about-bcrypt
basic_auth_users:
  alice: $2y$10$mDwo.lAisC94iLAyP81MCesa29IzH37oigHC/42V2pdJlUprsJPze
  bob: $2y$10$hLqFl9jSjoAAy95Z/zw8Ye8wkdMBM8c5Bn1ptYqP/AXyV0.oy0S8m

按上述示例的配置后，对于Prometheus提供的各种HTTP API接口的访问（包括/metrics、/graph接口）都需要进行身份认证，并且仅允许alice和bob账号进行访问，且必须为HTTPS协议。若仅支持HTTP协议的请求访问，则不配置tls_server_config参数即可。若不对访问的请求进行身份验证，则不配置basic_auth_users参数即可，即不设置访问账号和密码。