grok 正则捕获插件
grok 使用文本片段切分的方式来切分日志事件
内置正则表达式调用
%{SYNTAX:SEMANTIC}
●SYNTAX代表匹配值的类型,例如,0.11可以NUMBER类型所匹配,10.222.22.25可以使用IP匹配。
●SEMANTIC表示存储该值的一个变量声明,它会存储在elasticsearch当中方便kibana做字段搜索和统计,你可以将一个IP定义为客户端IP地址client_ip_address,如%{IP:client_ip_address},所匹配到的值就会存储到client_ip_address这个字段里边,类似数据库的列名,也可以把 event log 中的数字当成数字类型存储在一个指定的变量当中,比如响应时间http_response_time,假设event log record如下:
message: 192.168.80.10 GET /index.html 15824 0.043
可以使用如下grok pattern来匹配这种记录
%{IP:client_id_address} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:http_response_time}
对应关系
192.168.80.10 GET /index.html 15824 0.043 %{IP:client_id_address} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:http_response_time}
可以输入kibana开发工具的GROK测试工具进行正则表达式测试
在logstash conf.d文件夹下面创建filter conf文件,内容如下
/etc/logstash/conf.d/01-filter.conf filter { grok { match => { "message" => "%{IP:client_id_address} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:http_response_time}" } } }
以下是filter结果
client_id_address: 192.168.80.10 method: GET request: /index.html bytes: 15824 http_response_time: 0.043
logstash 官方也给了一些常用的常量来表达那些正则表达式,可以到这个 Github 地址查看有哪些常用的常量
https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-core/blob/main/patterns/ecs-v1/grok-patterns
USERNAME [a-zA-Z0-9._-]+ USER %{USERNAME} EMAILLOCALPART [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_.+-=:]+ EMAILADDRESS %{EMAILLOCALPART}@%{HOSTNAME} INT (?:[+-]?(?:[0-9]+)) BASE10NUM (?<![0-9.+-])(?>[+-]?(?:(?:[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)?)|(?:\.[0-9]+))) NUMBER (?:%{BASE10NUM}) BASE16NUM (?<![0-9A-Fa-f])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+)) BASE16FLOAT \b(?<![0-9A-Fa-f.])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+(?:\.[0-9A-Fa-f]*)?)|(?:\.[0-9A-Fa-f]+)))\b
POSINT \b(?:[1-9][0-9]*)\b NONNEGINT \b(?:[0-9]+)\b WORD \b\w+\b NOTSPACE \S+ SPACE \s* DATA .*? GREEDYDATA .* QUOTEDSTRING (?>(?<!\\)(?>"(?>\\.|[^\\"]+)+"|""|(?>'(?>\\.|[^\\']+)+')|''|(?>(?>\\.|[^\\]+)+)|)) UUID [A-Fa-f0-9]{8}-(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-){3}[A-Fa-f0-9]{12} # URN, allowing use of RFC 2141 section 2.3 reserved characters URN urn:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,31}:(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2}|[0-9A-Za-z()+,.:=@;$_!*'/?#-])+
IPV4匹配?【面试题】
不能[0-9]{1-3}.[0-9]{1-3}.[0-9]{1-3}.[0-9]{1-3} 0-9三次然后四个点间隔要把每一位字符都做匹配(由于0-255)分段表示,然后用或连接。
# Networking MAC (?:%{CISCOMAC}|%{WINDOWSMAC}|%{COMMONMAC}) CISCOMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}\.){2}[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}) WINDOWSMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}-){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}) COMMONMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}:){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}) IPV6 ((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)? IPV4 (?<![0-9])(?:(?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5]))(?![0-9]) IP (?:%{IPV6}|%{IPV4}) HOSTNAME \b(?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62})(?:\.(?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62}))*(\.?|\b) IPORHOST (?:%{IP}|%{HOSTNAME}) HOSTPORT %{IPORHOST}:%{POSINT}
# paths PATH (?:%{UNIXPATH}|%{WINPATH}) UNIXPATH (/([\w_%!$@:.,+~-]+|\\.)*)+ TTY (?:/dev/(pts|tty([pq])?)(\w+)?/?(?:[0-9]+)) WINPATH (?>[A-Za-z]+:|\\)(?:\\[^\\?*]*)+ URIPROTO [A-Za-z]([A-Za-z0-9+\-.]+)+ URIHOST %{IPORHOST}(?::%{POSINT:port})? # uripath comes loosely from RFC1738, but mostly from what Firefox # doesn't turn into %XX URIPATH (?:/[A-Za-z0-9$.+!*'(){},~:;=@#%&_\-]*)+ #URIPARAM \?(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+(?:=(?:[^&]*))?(?:&(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+(?:=(?:[^&]*))?)?)*)? URIPARAM \?[A-Za-z0-9$.+!*'|(){},~@#%&/=:;_?\-\[\]<>]* URIPATHPARAM %{URIPATH}(?:%{URIPARAM})? URI %{URIPROTO}://(?:%{USER}(?::[^@]*)?@)?(?:%{URIHOST})?(?:%{URIPATHPARAM})?
# Months: January, Feb, 3, 03, 12, December MONTH \b(?:[Jj]an(?:uary|uar)?|[Ff]eb(?:ruary|ruar)?|[Mm](?:a|ä)?r(?:ch|z)?|[Aa]pr(?:il)?|[Mm]a(?:y|i)?|[Jj]un(?:e|i)?|[Jj]ul(?:y)?|[Aa]ug(?:ust)?|[Ss]ep(?:tember)?|[Oo](?:c|k)?t(?:ober)?|[Nn]ov(?:ember)?|[Dd]e(?:c|z)(?:ember)?)\b MONTHNUM (?:0?[1-9]|1[0-2]) MONTHNUM2 (?:0[1-9]|1[0-2]) MONTHDAY (?:(?:0[1-9])|(?:[12][0-9])|(?:3[01])|[1-9]) # Days: Monday, Tue, Thu, etc... DAY (?:Mon(?:day)?|Tue(?:sday)?|Wed(?:nesday)?|Thu(?:rsday)?|Fri(?:day)?|Sat(?:urday)?|Sun(?:day)?)
# Years? YEAR (?>\d\d){1,2} HOUR (?:2[0123]|[01]?[0-9]) MINUTE (?:[0-5][0-9]) # '60' is a leap second in most time standards and thus is valid. SECOND (?:(?:[0-5]?[0-9]|60)(?:[:.,][0-9]+)?) TIME (?!<[0-9])%{HOUR}:%{MINUTE}(?::%{SECOND})(?![0-9]) # datestamp is YYYY/MM/DD-HH:MM:SS.UUUU (or something like it) DATE_US %{MONTHNUM}[/-]%{MONTHDAY}[/-]%{YEAR} DATE_EU %{MONTHDAY}[./-]%{MONTHNUM}[./-]%{YEAR} ISO8601_TIMEZONE (?:Z|[+-]%{HOUR}(?::?%{MINUTE})) ISO8601_SECOND (?:%{SECOND}|60) TIMESTAMP_ISO8601 %{YEAR}-%{MONTHNUM}-%{MONTHDAY}[T ]%{HOUR}:?%{MINUTE}(?::?%{SECOND})?%{ISO8601_TIMEZONE}? DATE %{DATE_US}|%{DATE_EU} DATESTAMP %{DATE}[- ]%{TIME} TZ (?:[APMCE][SD]T|UTC) DATESTAMP_RFC822 %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{YEAR} %{TIME} %{TZ} DATESTAMP_RFC2822 %{DAY}, %{MONTHDAY} %{MONTH} %{YEAR} %{TIME} %{ISO8601_TIMEZONE} DATESTAMP_OTHER %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{TIME} %{TZ} %{YEAR} DATESTAMP_EVENTLOG %{YEAR}%{MONTHNUM2}%{MONTHDAY}%{HOUR}%{MINUTE}%{SECOND}
# Syslog Dates: Month Day HH:MM:SS SYSLOGTIMESTAMP %{MONTH} +%{MONTHDAY} %{TIME} PROG [\x21-\x5a\x5c\x5e-\x7e]+ SYSLOGPROG %{PROG:program}(?:\[%{POSINT:pid}\])? SYSLOGHOST %{IPORHOST} SYSLOGFACILITY <%{NONNEGINT:facility}.%{NONNEGINT:priority}> HTTPDATE %{MONTHDAY}/%{MONTH}/%{YEAR}:%{TIME} %{INT}
# Shortcuts QS %{QUOTEDSTRING}
# Log formats SYSLOGBASE %{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} (?:%{SYSLOGFACILITY} )?%{SYSLOGHOST:logsource} %{SYSLOGPROG}:
# Log Levels LOGLEVEL ([Aa]lert|ALERT|[Tt]race|TRACE|[Dd]ebug|DEBUG|[Nn]otice|NOTICE|[Ii]nfo|INFO|[Ww]arn?(?:ing)?|WARN?(?:ING)?|[Ee]rr?(?:or)?|ERR?(?:OR)?|[Cc]rit?(?:ical)?|CRIT?(?:ICAL)?|[Ff]atal|FATAL|[Ss]evere|SEVERE|EMERG(?:ENCY)?|[Ee]merg(?:ency)?)
实例 使用 系统预定义变量 与 自定义变量 完成对日志文件的匹配
测试成功的正则表达式写入logstash配置文件中
vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/filebeat.conf filter { grok { match => [ "message" , "正则表达式" ] #match匹配 message字段 正则表达式 写在“ ”内 } }
自定义表达式调用
语法 (?<field_name>pattern) 举例 捕获10或11和长度的十六进制数的queue_id可以使用表达式(?<queue_id>[0-9A-F]{10,11})
匹配IP \d{1,3} 数字1-3次 以 . 间隔 重复4次
匹配方式(get/post) A-Z一次或多次
匹配网址 /.* / 后所有
响应时间 由于是浮点数需要匹配中间的 . [0-9\.]+ 斜杠\. 取消 . 的特殊含义 0-9和. 匹配多从
message: 192.168.80.10 GET /index.html 15824 0.043 (?<remote_addr>\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}) (?<http_method>[A-Z]+) (?<request_uri>/.*) (?<response_bytes>[0-9]+) (?<response_time>[0-9\.]+)
在kibana开发工具中测试
写入配置文件 实现过滤
/etc/logstash/conf.d/01-filter.conf filter { grok { match => { "message" => "(?<remote_addr>%{IP}) (?<http_method>[A-Z]+) (?<request_uri>/.*) (?<response_bytes>[0-9]+) (?<response_time>[0-9\.]+)"} } }
如果表达式匹配失败,会生成一个tags字段,字段值为 _grokparsefailure,需要重新检查上边的match配置解析是否正确。