1、利用cpui判断cpu的类型及支持的指令集，可以进行条件编程：（InstructionSet.h）

#pragma once

// InstructionSet.cpp
// Compile by using: cl /EHsc /W4 InstructionSet.cpp
// processor: x86, x64
// Uses the __cpuid intrinsic to get information about
// CPU extended instruction set support.


#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <bitset>
#include <array>
#include <string>
#include <intrin.h>

class InstructionSet
{
    // forward declarations
    class InstructionSet_Internal;

public:
    // getters
    static std::string Vendor(void) { return CPU_Rep.vendor_; }
    static std::string Brand(void) { return CPU_Rep.brand_; }

    static bool SSE3(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[0]; }
    static bool PCLMULQDQ(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[1]; }
    static bool MONITOR(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[3]; }
    static bool SSSE3(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[9]; }
    static bool FMA(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[12]; }
    static bool CMPXCHG16B(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[13]; }
    static bool SSE41(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[19]; }
    static bool SSE42(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[20]; }
    static bool MOVBE(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[22]; }
    static bool POPCNT(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[23]; }
    static bool AES(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[25]; }
    static bool XSAVE(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[26]; }
    static bool OSXSAVE(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[27]; }
    static bool AVX(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[28]; }
    static bool F16C(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[29]; }
    static bool RDRAND(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_ECX_[30]; }

    static bool MSR(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_EDX_[5]; }
    static bool CX8(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_EDX_[8]; }
    static bool SEP(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_EDX_[11]; }
    static bool CMOV(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_EDX_[15]; }
    static bool CLFSH(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_EDX_[19]; }
    static bool MMX(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_EDX_[23]; }
    static bool FXSR(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_EDX_[24]; }
    static bool SSE(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_EDX_[25]; }
    static bool SSE2(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_1_EDX_[26]; }

    static bool FSGSBASE(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[0]; }
    static bool BMI1(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[3]; }
    static bool HLE(void) { return CPU_Rep.isIntel_ && CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[4]; }
    static bool AVX2(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[5]; }
    static bool BMI2(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[8]; }
    static bool ERMS(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[9]; }
    static bool INVPCID(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[10]; }
    static bool RTM(void) { return CPU_Rep.isIntel_ && CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[11]; }
    static bool AVX512F(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[16]; }
    static bool RDSEED(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[18]; }
    static bool ADX(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[19]; }
    static bool AVX512PF(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[26]; }
    static bool AVX512ER(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[27]; }
    static bool AVX512CD(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[28]; }
    static bool SHA(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_EBX_[29]; }

    static bool PREFETCHWT1(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_7_ECX_[0]; }

    static bool LAHF(void) { return CPU_Rep.f_81_ECX_[0]; }
    static bool LZCNT(void) { return CPU_Rep.isIntel_ && CPU_Rep.f_81_ECX_[5]; }
    static bool ABM(void) { return CPU_Rep.isAMD_ && CPU_Rep.f_81_ECX_[5]; }
    static bool SSE4a(void) { return CPU_Rep.isAMD_ && CPU_Rep.f_81_ECX_[6]; }
    static bool XOP(void) { return CPU_Rep.isAMD_ && CPU_Rep.f_81_ECX_[11]; }
    static bool TBM(void) { return CPU_Rep.isAMD_ && CPU_Rep.f_81_ECX_[21]; }

    static bool SYSCALL(void) { return CPU_Rep.isIntel_ && CPU_Rep.f_81_EDX_[11]; }
    static bool MMXEXT(void) { return CPU_Rep.isAMD_ && CPU_Rep.f_81_EDX_[22]; }
    static bool RDTSCP(void) { return CPU_Rep.isIntel_ && CPU_Rep.f_81_EDX_[27]; }
    static bool _3DNOWEXT(void) { return CPU_Rep.isAMD_ && CPU_Rep.f_81_EDX_[30]; }
    static bool _3DNOW(void) { return CPU_Rep.isAMD_ && CPU_Rep.f_81_EDX_[31]; }

//private:
    static const InstructionSet_Internal CPU_Rep;

    class InstructionSet_Internal
    {
    public:
        InstructionSet_Internal()
            : nIds_{ 0 },
            nExIds_{ 0 },
            isIntel_{ false },
            isAMD_{ false },
            f_1_ECX_{ 0 },
            f_1_EDX_{ 0 },
            f_7_EBX_{ 0 },
            f_7_ECX_{ 0 },
            f_81_ECX_{ 0 },
            f_81_EDX_{ 0 },
            data_{},
            extdata_{}
        {
            //int cpuInfo[4] = {-1};
            std::array<int, 4> cpui;

            // Calling __cpuid with 0x0 as the function_id argument
            // gets the number of the highest valid function ID.
            __cpuid(cpui.data(), 0);
            nIds_ = cpui[0];

            for (int i = 0; i <= nIds_; ++i)
            {
                __cpuidex(cpui.data(), i, 0);
                data_.push_back(cpui);
            }

            // Capture vendor string
            char vendor[0x20];
            memset(vendor, 0, sizeof(vendor));
            *reinterpret_cast<int*>(vendor) = data_[0][1];
            *reinterpret_cast<int*>(vendor + 4) = data_[0][3];
            *reinterpret_cast<int*>(vendor + 8) = data_[0][2];
            vendor_ = vendor;
            if (vendor_ == "GenuineIntel")
            {
                isIntel_ = true;
            }
            else if (vendor_ == "AuthenticAMD")
            {
                isAMD_ = true;
            }

            // load bitset with flags for function 0x00000001
            if (nIds_ >= 1)
            {
                f_1_ECX_ = data_[1][2];
                f_1_EDX_ = data_[1][3];
            }

            // load bitset with flags for function 0x00000007
            if (nIds_ >= 7)
            {
                f_7_EBX_ = data_[7][1];
                f_7_ECX_ = data_[7][2];
            }

            // Calling __cpuid with 0x80000000 as the function_id argument
            // gets the number of the highest valid extended ID.
            __cpuid(cpui.data(), 0x80000000);
            nExIds_ = cpui[0];

            char brand[0x40];
            memset(brand, 0, sizeof(brand));

            for (int i = 0x80000000; i <= nExIds_; ++i)
            {
                __cpuidex(cpui.data(), i, 0);
                extdata_.push_back(cpui);
            }

            // load bitset with flags for function 0x80000001
            if (nExIds_ >= 0x80000001)
            {
                f_81_ECX_ = extdata_[1][2];
                f_81_EDX_ = extdata_[1][3];
            }

            // Interpret CPU brand string if reported
            if (nExIds_ >= 0x80000004)
            {
                memcpy(brand, extdata_[2].data(), sizeof(cpui));
                memcpy(brand + 16, extdata_[3].data(), sizeof(cpui));
                memcpy(brand + 32, extdata_[4].data(), sizeof(cpui));
                brand_ = brand;
            }
        };

        int nIds_;
        int nExIds_;
        std::string vendor_;
        std::string brand_;
        bool isIntel_;
        bool isAMD_;
        std::bitset<32> f_1_ECX_;
        std::bitset<32> f_1_EDX_;
        std::bitset<32> f_7_EBX_;
        std::bitset<32> f_7_ECX_;
        std::bitset<32> f_81_ECX_;
        std::bitset<32> f_81_EDX_;
        std::vector<std::array<int, 4>> data_;
        std::vector<std::array<int, 4>> extdata_;
    };
};

// Initialize static member data
const InstructionSet::InstructionSet_Internal InstructionSet::CPU_Rep;

// Print out supported instruction set extensions
//int main()
//{
//    auto& outstream = std::cout;
//
//    auto support_message = [&outstream](std::string isa_feature, bool is_supported) {
//        outstream << isa_feature << (is_supported ? " supported" : " not supported") << std::endl;
//    };
//
//    std::cout << InstructionSet::Vendor() << std::endl;
//    std::cout << InstructionSet::Brand() << std::endl;
//
//    support_message("3DNOW", InstructionSet::_3DNOW());
//    support_message("3DNOWEXT", InstructionSet::_3DNOWEXT());
//    support_message("ABM", InstructionSet::ABM());
//    support_message("ADX", InstructionSet::ADX());
//    support_message("AES", InstructionSet::AES());
//    support_message("AVX", InstructionSet::AVX());
//    support_message("AVX2", InstructionSet::AVX2());
//    support_message("AVX512CD", InstructionSet::AVX512CD());
//    support_message("AVX512ER", InstructionSet::AVX512ER());
//    support_message("AVX512F", InstructionSet::AVX512F());
//    support_message("AVX512PF", InstructionSet::AVX512PF());
//    support_message("BMI1", InstructionSet::BMI1());
//    support_message("BMI2", InstructionSet::BMI2());
//    support_message("CLFSH", InstructionSet::CLFSH());
//    support_message("CMPXCHG16B", InstructionSet::CMPXCHG16B());
//    support_message("CX8", InstructionSet::CX8());
//    support_message("ERMS", InstructionSet::ERMS());
//    support_message("F16C", InstructionSet::F16C());
//    support_message("FMA", InstructionSet::FMA());
//    support_message("FSGSBASE", InstructionSet::FSGSBASE());
//    support_message("FXSR", InstructionSet::FXSR());
//    support_message("HLE", InstructionSet::HLE());
//    support_message("INVPCID", InstructionSet::INVPCID());
//    support_message("LAHF", InstructionSet::LAHF());
//    support_message("LZCNT", InstructionSet::LZCNT());
//    support_message("MMX", InstructionSet::MMX());
//    support_message("MMXEXT", InstructionSet::MMXEXT());
//    support_message("MONITOR", InstructionSet::MONITOR());
//    support_message("MOVBE", InstructionSet::MOVBE());
//    support_message("MSR", InstructionSet::MSR());
//    support_message("OSXSAVE", InstructionSet::OSXSAVE());
//    support_message("PCLMULQDQ", InstructionSet::PCLMULQDQ());
//    support_message("POPCNT", InstructionSet::POPCNT());
//    support_message("PREFETCHWT1", InstructionSet::PREFETCHWT1());
//    support_message("RDRAND", InstructionSet::RDRAND());
//    support_message("RDSEED", InstructionSet::RDSEED());
//    support_message("RDTSCP", InstructionSet::RDTSCP());
//    support_message("RTM", InstructionSet::RTM());
//    support_message("SEP", InstructionSet::SEP());
//    support_message("SHA", InstructionSet::SHA());
//    support_message("SSE", InstructionSet::SSE());
//    support_message("SSE2", InstructionSet::SSE2());
//    support_message("SSE3", InstructionSet::SSE3());
//    support_message("SSE4.1", InstructionSet::SSE41());
//    support_message("SSE4.2", InstructionSet::SSE42());
//    support_message("SSE4a", InstructionSet::SSE4a());
//    support_message("SSSE3", InstructionSet::SSSE3());
//    support_message("SYSCALL", InstructionSet::SYSCALL());
//    support_message("TBM", InstructionSet::TBM());
//    support_message("XOP", InstructionSet::XOP());
//    support_message("XSAVE", InstructionSet::XSAVE());
//}

2、例子：

我使用的电脑cpu为Intel的，并且支持大部分指令集

#include"InstructionSet.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	//构造InstructionSet类
	InstructionSet test;
	cout << "是否支持SSE2指令集：  " << (bool)test.SSE2 << endl;
	cout << "是否支持AVX2指令集：  " << (bool)test.AVX2 << endl;
	cout << "是否为Intel平台 ：  " << (bool)test.CPU_Rep.isIntel_ << endl;
	cout << "是否为AMD平台 ：  " << (bool)test.CPU_Rep.isAMD_ << endl;
	return 0;
}

【参考文献】

[1] https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/intrinsics/cpuid-cpuidex?view=msvc-170