训练数据

1.json后缀的文件

2.数据是json line格式，一行一条json

3. json结构如下

{
  
  "content": "①北京和上海户籍的游客可获得韩国多次签证；②“整容客”可以不经由韩国使领馆、直接在网上申请签证；③中泰免签的实施日期尚未敲定；④越南已向中国持通行证旅游的公民全面开放。"
}

tokenizer训练（BPE）

from transformers import AutoTokenizer
from datasets import load_dataset

path = r'/tmp/pycharm_project_806/LCSTS_new/train.json'  # a chinese text dataset
raw_data = load_dataset("json", data_files=path, split='train')

training_corpus = (
    raw_data[i : i + 1000]["content"]
    for i in range(0, len(raw_data), 1000)
)

old_tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("/home/chenjq/model/gpt2")
tokenizer = old_tokenizer.train_new_from_iterator(training_corpus, 52000)

example = '就是去美国大使馆的官方网站，它有中文版，去把每一条仔细研究透了，把每一个表格和材料都准备好了'  # chinese text
old_tokens = old_tokenizer.tokenize(example)
print('old_tokens:',old_tokens)

new_tokens = tokenizer.tokenize(example)
print('new_tokens',new_tokens)
tokenizer.save_pretrained("./my-tok")

tokenizer训练（sentencePiece）

from tokenizers import (
    decoders,
    models,
    normalizers,
    pre_tokenizers,
    processors,
    trainers,
    Tokenizer,
)
from datasets import load_dataset
from tokenizers import Regex

path = r'all_train.json'  # a chinese text dataset
# path = r'/tmp/pycharm_project_806/cluener.json'  # a chinese text dataset
raw_data = load_dataset("json", data_files=path, split='train')

training_corpus = (
    raw_data[i : i + 1000]["content"]
    for i in range(0, len(raw_data), 1000)
)


tokenizer = Tokenizer(models.Unigram())

# NLG不应当加入 normalizers.Lowercase()，因为在decode的时候，就无法生成大写的了
# 在bert等NLU模型中，可以加入 normalizers.Lowercase()，因为NLU一般不用于文本生成，而是用于文本理解（如文本分类，实体抽取），
# 这种情况下其实大写小写无所谓
tokenizer.normalizer = normalizers.Sequence(
    [
        normalizers.Replace("``", '"'),
        normalizers.Replace("''", '"'),
        normalizers.NFKD(),
        normalizers.StripAccents(),
        normalizers.Replace(Regex(" {2,}"), " "),
    ]
)

tokenizer.pre_tokenizer = pre_tokenizers.Metaspace()

print(tokenizer.pre_tokenizer.pre_tokenize_str("北京是中国的首都，今天天气真好。"))
print(1)

special_tokens = ["<|endoftext|>"]
trainer = trainers.UnigramTrainer(
    vocab_size=52000, special_tokens=special_tokens, unk_token="<unk>",max_piece_length=4,
)
tokenizer.train_from_iterator(training_corpus, trainer=trainer)

tokenizer.decoder = decoders.Metaspace()

from transformers import PreTrainedTokenizerFast

wrapped_tokenizer = PreTrainedTokenizerFast(
    tokenizer_object=tokenizer,
    bos_token="<|endoftext|>",
    eos_token="<|endoftext|>",
)
wrapped_tokenizer.save_pretrained('./sp-tok')

print(wrapped_tokenizer.tokenize("北京是中国的首都，今天天气真好。"))

模型训练

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2020 The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""
Fine-tuning the library models for causal language modeling (GPT, GPT-2, CTRL, ...) on a text file or a dataset.

Here is the full list of checkpoints on the hub that can be fine-tuned by this script:
https://huggingface.co/models?filter=text-generation
"""
# You can also adapt this script on your own causal language modeling task. Pointers for this are left as comments.

import logging
import math
import os
import sys
import warnings
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from itertools import chain
from typing import Optional

import datasets
import evaluate
import torch
from datasets import load_dataset

import transformers
from transformers import (
    CONFIG_MAPPING,
    MODEL_FOR_CAUSAL_LM_MAPPING,
    AutoConfig,
    AutoModelForCausalLM,
    AutoTokenizer,
    HfArgumentParser,
    Trainer,
    TrainingArguments,
    default_data_collator,
    is_torch_tpu_available,
    set_seed,
)
from transformers.testing_utils import CaptureLogger
from transformers.trainer_utils import get_last_checkpoint
from transformers.utils import check_min_version, send_example_telemetry
from transformers.utils.versions import require_version


# Will error if the minimal version of Transformers is not installed. Remove at your own risks.
check_min_version("4.37.0.dev0")

require_version("datasets>=1.8.0", "To fix: pip install -r examples/pytorch/language-modeling/requirements.txt")

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


MODEL_CONFIG_CLASSES = list(MODEL_FOR_CAUSAL_LM_MAPPING.keys())
MODEL_TYPES = tuple(conf.model_type for conf in MODEL_CONFIG_CLASSES)


@dataclass
class ModelArguments:
    """
    Arguments pertaining to which model/config/tokenizer we are going to fine-tune, or train from scratch.
    """

    model_name_or_path: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "The model checkpoint for weights initialization. Don't set if you want to train a model from scratch."
            )
        },
    )
    model_type: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={"help": "If training from scratch, pass a model type from the list: " + ", ".join(MODEL_TYPES)},
    )
    config_overrides: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "Override some existing default config settings when a model is trained from scratch. Example: "
                "n_embd=10,resid_pdrop=0.2,scale_attn_weights=false,summary_type=cls_index"
            )
        },
    )
    config_name: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None, metadata={"help": "Pretrained config name or path if not the same as model_name"}
    )
    tokenizer_name: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None, metadata={"help": "Pretrained tokenizer name or path if not the same as model_name"}
    )
    cache_dir: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={"help": "Where do you want to store the pretrained models downloaded from huggingface.co"},
    )
    use_fast_tokenizer: bool = field(
        default=True,
        metadata={"help": "Whether to use one of the fast tokenizer (backed by the tokenizers library) or not."},
    )
    model_revision: str = field(
        default="main",
        metadata={"help": "The specific model version to use (can be a branch name, tag name or commit id)."},
    )
    token: str = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "The token to use as HTTP bearer authorization for remote files. If not specified, will use the token "
                "generated when running `huggingface-cli login` (stored in `~/.huggingface`)."
            )
        },
    )
    use_auth_token: bool = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={
            "help": "The `use_auth_token` argument is deprecated and will be removed in v4.34. Please use `token` instead."
        },
    )
    trust_remote_code: bool = field(
        default=False,
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "Whether or not to allow for custom models defined on the Hub in their own modeling files. This option"
                "should only be set to `True` for repositories you trust and in which you have read the code, as it will "
                "execute code present on the Hub on your local machine."
            )
        },
    )
    torch_dtype: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "Override the default `torch.dtype` and load the model under this dtype. If `auto` is passed, the "
                "dtype will be automatically derived from the model's weights."
            ),
            "choices": ["auto", "bfloat16", "float16", "float32"],
        },
    )
    low_cpu_mem_usage: bool = field(
        default=False,
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "It is an option to create the model as an empty shell, then only materialize its parameters when the pretrained weights are loaded. "
                "set True will benefit LLM loading time and RAM consumption."
            )
        },
    )

    def __post_init__(self):
        if self.config_overrides is not None and (self.config_name is not None or self.model_name_or_path is not None):
            raise ValueError(
                "--config_overrides can't be used in combination with --config_name or --model_name_or_path"
            )


@dataclass
class DataTrainingArguments:
    """
    Arguments pertaining to what data we are going to input our model for training and eval.
    """

    dataset_name: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None, metadata={"help": "The name of the dataset to use (via the datasets library)."}
    )
    dataset_config_name: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None, metadata={"help": "The configuration name of the dataset to use (via the datasets library)."}
    )
    train_file: Optional[str] = field(default=None, metadata={"help": "The input training data file (a text file)."})
    validation_file: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={"help": "An optional input evaluation data file to evaluate the perplexity on (a text file)."},
    )
    max_train_samples: Optional[int] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "For debugging purposes or quicker training, truncate the number of training examples to this "
                "value if set."
            )
        },
    )
    max_eval_samples: Optional[int] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "For debugging purposes or quicker training, truncate the number of evaluation examples to this "
                "value if set."
            )
        },
    )
    streaming: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"help": "Enable streaming mode"})
    block_size: Optional[int] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "Optional input sequence length after tokenization. "
                "The training dataset will be truncated in block of this size for training. "
                "Default to the model max input length for single sentence inputs (take into account special tokens)."
            )
        },
    )
    overwrite_cache: bool = field(
        default=False, metadata={"help": "Overwrite the cached training and evaluation sets"}
    )
    validation_split_percentage: Optional[int] = field(
        default=5,
        metadata={
            "help": "The percentage of the train set used as validation set in case there's no validation split"
        },
    )
    preprocessing_num_workers: Optional[int] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={"help": "The number of processes to use for the preprocessing."},
    )
    keep_linebreaks: bool = field(
        default=True, metadata={"help": "Whether to keep line breaks when using TXT files or not."}
    )

    def __post_init__(self):
        if self.streaming:
            require_version("datasets>=2.0.0", "The streaming feature requires `datasets>=2.0.0`")

        if self.dataset_name is None and self.train_file is None and self.validation_file is None:
            raise ValueError("Need either a dataset name or a training/validation file.")
        else:
            if self.train_file is not None:
                extension = self.train_file.split(".")[-1]
                assert extension in ["csv", "json", "txt"], "`train_file` should be a csv, a json or a txt file."
            if self.validation_file is not None:
                extension = self.validation_file.split(".")[-1]
                assert extension in ["csv", "json", "txt"], "`validation_file` should be a csv, a json or a txt file."


def main():
    # See all possible arguments in src/transformers/training_args.py
    # or by passing the --help flag to this script.
    # We now keep distinct sets of args, for a cleaner separation of concerns.

    parser = HfArgumentParser((ModelArguments, DataTrainingArguments, TrainingArguments))
    if len(sys.argv) == 2 and sys.argv[1].endswith(".json"):
        # If we pass only one argument to the script and it's the path to a json file,
        # let's parse it to get our arguments.
        model_args, data_args, training_args = parser.parse_json_file(json_file=os.path.abspath(sys.argv[1]))
    else:
        model_args, data_args, training_args = parser.parse_args_into_dataclasses()

    if model_args.use_auth_token is not None:
        warnings.warn(
            "The `use_auth_token` argument is deprecated and will be removed in v4.34. Please use `token` instead.",
            FutureWarning,
        )
        if model_args.token is not None:
            raise ValueError("`token` and `use_auth_token` are both specified. Please set only the argument `token`.")
        model_args.token = model_args.use_auth_token

    # Sending telemetry. Tracking the example usage helps us better allocate resources to maintain them. The
    # information sent is the one passed as arguments along with your Python/PyTorch versions.
    send_example_telemetry("run_clm", model_args, data_args)

    # Setup logging
    logging.basicConfig(
        format="%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(name)s - %(message)s",
        datefmt="%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S",
        handlers=[logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)],
    )

    if training_args.should_log:
        # The default of training_args.log_level is passive, so we set log level at info here to have that default.
        transformers.utils.logging.set_verbosity_info()

    log_level = training_args.get_process_log_level()
    logger.setLevel(log_level)
    datasets.utils.logging.set_verbosity(log_level)
    transformers.utils.logging.set_verbosity(log_level)
    transformers.utils.logging.enable_default_handler()
    transformers.utils.logging.enable_explicit_format()

    # Log on each process the small summary:
    logger.warning(
        f"Process rank: {training_args.local_rank}, device: {training_args.device}, n_gpu: {training_args.n_gpu}, "
        + f"distributed training: {training_args.parallel_mode.value == 'distributed'}, 16-bits training: {training_args.fp16}"
    )
    logger.info(f"Training/evaluation parameters {training_args}")

    # Detecting last checkpoint.
    last_checkpoint = None
    if os.path.isdir(training_args.output_dir) and training_args.do_train and not training_args.overwrite_output_dir:
        last_checkpoint = get_last_checkpoint(training_args.output_dir)
        if last_checkpoint is None and len(os.listdir(training_args.output_dir)) > 0:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Output directory ({training_args.output_dir}) already exists and is not empty. "
                "Use --overwrite_output_dir to overcome."
            )
        elif last_checkpoint is not None and training_args.resume_from_checkpoint is None:
            logger.info(
                f"Checkpoint detected, resuming training at {last_checkpoint}. To avoid this behavior, change "
                "the `--output_dir` or add `--overwrite_output_dir` to train from scratch."
            )

    # Set seed before initializing model.
    set_seed(training_args.seed)

    # Get the datasets: you can either provide your own CSV/JSON/TXT training and evaluation files (see below)
    # or just provide the name of one of the public datasets available on the hub at https://huggingface.co/datasets/
    # (the dataset will be downloaded automatically from the datasets Hub).
    #
    # For CSV/JSON files, this script will use the column called 'text' or the first column if no column called
    # 'text' is found. You can easily tweak this behavior (see below).
    #
    # In distributed training, the load_dataset function guarantee that only one local process can concurrently
    # download the dataset.
    if data_args.dataset_name is not None:
        # Downloading and loading a dataset from the hub.
        raw_datasets = load_dataset(
            data_args.dataset_name,
            data_args.dataset_config_name,
            cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
            token=model_args.token,
            streaming=data_args.streaming,
        )
        if "validation" not in raw_datasets.keys():
            raw_datasets["validation"] = load_dataset(
                data_args.dataset_name,
                data_args.dataset_config_name,
                split=f"train[:{data_args.validation_split_percentage}%]",
                cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
                token=model_args.token,
                streaming=data_args.streaming,
            )
            raw_datasets["train"] = load_dataset(
                data_args.dataset_name,
                data_args.dataset_config_name,
                split=f"train[{data_args.validation_split_percentage}%:]",
                cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
                token=model_args.token,
                streaming=data_args.streaming,
            )
    else:
        data_files = {}
        dataset_args = {}
        if data_args.train_file is not None:
            data_files["train"] = data_args.train_file
        if data_args.validation_file is not None:
            data_files["validation"] = data_args.validation_file
        extension = (
            data_args.train_file.split(".")[-1]
            if data_args.train_file is not None
            else data_args.validation_file.split(".")[-1]
        )
        if extension == "txt":
            extension = "text"
            dataset_args["keep_linebreaks"] = data_args.keep_linebreaks
        raw_datasets = load_dataset(
            extension,
            data_files=data_files,
            cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
            token=model_args.token,
            **dataset_args,
        )
        # If no validation data is there, validation_split_percentage will be used to divide the dataset.
        if "validation" not in raw_datasets.keys():
            raw_datasets["validation"] = load_dataset(
                extension,
                data_files=data_files,
                split=f"train[:{data_args.validation_split_percentage}%]",
                cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
                token=model_args.token,
                **dataset_args,
            )
            raw_datasets["train"] = load_dataset(
                extension,
                data_files=data_files,
                split=f"train[{data_args.validation_split_percentage}%:]",
                cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
                token=model_args.token,
                **dataset_args,
            )

    # See more about loading any type of standard or custom dataset (from files, python dict, pandas DataFrame, etc) at
    # https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/loading_datasets.

    # Load pretrained model and tokenizer
    #
    # Distributed training:
    # The .from_pretrained methods guarantee that only one local process can concurrently
    # download model & vocab.

    config_kwargs = {
        "cache_dir": model_args.cache_dir,
        "revision": model_args.model_revision,
        "token": model_args.token,
        "trust_remote_code": model_args.trust_remote_code,
    }
    if model_args.config_name:
        config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_args.config_name, **config_kwargs)
    elif model_args.model_name_or_path:
        config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_args.model_name_or_path, **config_kwargs)
    else:
        config = CONFIG_MAPPING[model_args.model_type]()
        logger.warning("You are instantiating a new config instance from scratch.")
        if model_args.config_overrides is not None:
            logger.info(f"Overriding config: {model_args.config_overrides}")
            config.update_from_string(model_args.config_overrides)
            logger.info(f"New config: {config}")

    tokenizer_kwargs = {
        "cache_dir": model_args.cache_dir,
        "use_fast": model_args.use_fast_tokenizer,
        "revision": model_args.model_revision,
        "token": model_args.token,
        "trust_remote_code": model_args.trust_remote_code,
    }
    if model_args.tokenizer_name:
        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_args.tokenizer_name, **tokenizer_kwargs)
    elif model_args.model_name_or_path:
        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_args.model_name_or_path, **tokenizer_kwargs)
    else:
        raise ValueError(
            "You are instantiating a new tokenizer from scratch. This is not supported by this script. "
            "You can do it from another script, save it, and load it from here, using --tokenizer_name."
        )

    if model_args.model_name_or_path:
        torch_dtype = (
            model_args.torch_dtype
            if model_args.torch_dtype in ["auto", None]
            else getattr(torch, model_args.torch_dtype)
        )
        model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
            model_args.model_name_or_path,
            from_tf=bool(".ckpt" in model_args.model_name_or_path),
            config=config,
            cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
            revision=model_args.model_revision,
            token=model_args.token,
            trust_remote_code=model_args.trust_remote_code,
            torch_dtype=torch_dtype,
            low_cpu_mem_usage=model_args.low_cpu_mem_usage,
        )
    else:
        model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_config(config, trust_remote_code=model_args.trust_remote_code)
        n_params = sum({p.data_ptr(): p.numel() for p in model.parameters()}.values())
        logger.info(f"Training new model from scratch - Total size={n_params/2**20:.2f}M params")

    # We resize the embeddings only when necessary to avoid index errors. If you are creating a model from scratch
    # on a small vocab and want a smaller embedding size, remove this test.
    embedding_size = model.get_input_embeddings().weight.shape[0]
    if len(tokenizer) > embedding_size:
        model.resize_token_embeddings(len(tokenizer))

    # Preprocessing the datasets.
    # First we tokenize all the texts.
    if training_args.do_train:
        column_names = list(raw_datasets["train"].features)
    else:
        column_names = list(raw_datasets["validation"].features)
    # text_column_name = "text" if "text" in column_names else column_names[0]
    text_column_name = "content"

    # since this will be pickled to avoid _LazyModule error in Hasher force logger loading before tokenize_function
    tok_logger = transformers.utils.logging.get_logger("transformers.tokenization_utils_base")

    def tokenize_function(examples):
        with CaptureLogger(tok_logger) as cl:
            output = tokenizer(examples[text_column_name])
        # clm input could be much much longer than block_size
        if "Token indices sequence length is longer than the" in cl.out:
            tok_logger.warning(
                "^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Please ignore the warning above - this long input will be chunked into smaller bits"
                " before being passed to the model."
            )
        return output

    with training_args.main_process_first(desc="dataset map tokenization"):
        if not data_args.streaming:
            tokenized_datasets = raw_datasets.map(
                tokenize_function,
                batched=True,
                num_proc=data_args.preprocessing_num_workers,
                remove_columns=column_names,
                load_from_cache_file=not data_args.overwrite_cache,
                desc="Running tokenizer on dataset",
            )
        else:
            tokenized_datasets = raw_datasets.map(
                tokenize_function,
                batched=True,
                remove_columns=column_names,
            )
    if hasattr(config, "max_position_embeddings"):
        max_pos_embeddings = config.max_position_embeddings
    else:
        # Define a default value if the attribute is missing in the config.
        max_pos_embeddings = 1024

    if data_args.block_size is None:
        block_size = tokenizer.model_max_length
        if block_size > max_pos_embeddings:
            logger.warning(
                f"The tokenizer picked seems to have a very large `model_max_length` ({tokenizer.model_max_length}). "
                f"Using block_size={min(1024, max_pos_embeddings)} instead. You can change that default value by passing --block_size xxx."
            )
            if max_pos_embeddings > 0:
                block_size = min(1024, max_pos_embeddings)
            else:
                block_size = 1024
    else:
        if data_args.block_size > tokenizer.model_max_length:
            logger.warning(
                f"The block_size passed ({data_args.block_size}) is larger than the maximum length for the model "
                f"({tokenizer.model_max_length}). Using block_size={tokenizer.model_max_length}."
            )
        block_size = min(data_args.block_size, tokenizer.model_max_length)

    # Main data processing function that will concatenate all texts from our dataset and generate chunks of block_size.
    def group_texts(examples):
        # Concatenate all texts.
        concatenated_examples = {k: list(chain(*examples[k])) for k in examples.keys()}
        total_length = len(concatenated_examples[list(examples.keys())[0]])
        # We drop the small remainder, and if the total_length < block_size  we exclude this batch and return an empty dict.
        # We could add padding if the model supported it instead of this drop, you can customize this part to your needs.
        total_length = (total_length // block_size) * block_size
        # Split by chunks of max_len.
        result = {
            k: [t[i : i + block_size] for i in range(0, total_length, block_size)]
            for k, t in concatenated_examples.items()
        }
        result["labels"] = result["input_ids"].copy()
        return result

    # Note that with `batched=True`, this map processes 1,000 texts together, so group_texts throws away a remainder
    # for each of those groups of 1,000 texts. You can adjust that batch_size here but a higher value might be slower
    # to preprocess.
    #
    # To speed up this part, we use multiprocessing. See the documentation of the map method for more information:
    # https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/process#map

    with training_args.main_process_first(desc="grouping texts together"):
        if not data_args.streaming:
            lm_datasets = tokenized_datasets.map(
                group_texts,
                batched=True,
                num_proc=data_args.preprocessing_num_workers,
                load_from_cache_file=not data_args.overwrite_cache,
                desc=f"Grouping texts in chunks of {block_size}",
            )
        else:
            lm_datasets = tokenized_datasets.map(
                group_texts,
                batched=True,
            )

    if training_args.do_train:
        if "train" not in tokenized_datasets:
            raise ValueError("--do_train requires a train dataset")
        train_dataset = lm_datasets["train"]
        if data_args.max_train_samples is not None:
            max_train_samples = min(len(train_dataset), data_args.max_train_samples)
            train_dataset = train_dataset.select(range(max_train_samples))

    if training_args.do_eval:
        if "validation" not in tokenized_datasets:
            raise ValueError("--do_eval requires a validation dataset")
        eval_dataset = lm_datasets["validation"]
        if data_args.max_eval_samples is not None:
            max_eval_samples = min(len(eval_dataset), data_args.max_eval_samples)
            eval_dataset = eval_dataset.select(range(max_eval_samples))

        def preprocess_logits_for_metrics(logits, labels):
            if isinstance(logits, tuple):
                # Depending on the model and config, logits may contain extra tensors,
                # like past_key_values, but logits always come first
                logits = logits[0]
            return logits.argmax(dim=-1)

        metric = evaluate.load("accuracy")

        def compute_metrics(eval_preds):
            preds, labels = eval_preds
            # preds have the same shape as the labels, after the argmax(-1) has been calculated
            # by preprocess_logits_for_metrics but we need to shift the labels
            labels = labels[:, 1:].reshape(-1)
            preds = preds[:, :-1].reshape(-1)
            return metric.compute(predictions=preds, references=labels)

    # Initialize our Trainer
    trainer = Trainer(
        model=model,
        args=training_args,
        train_dataset=train_dataset if training_args.do_train else None,
        eval_dataset=eval_dataset if training_args.do_eval else None,
        tokenizer=tokenizer,
        # Data collator will default to DataCollatorWithPadding, so we change it.
        data_collator=default_data_collator,
        compute_metrics=compute_metrics if training_args.do_eval and not is_torch_tpu_available() else None,
        preprocess_logits_for_metrics=preprocess_logits_for_metrics
        if training_args.do_eval and not is_torch_tpu_available()
        else None,
    )

    # Training
    if training_args.do_train:
        checkpoint = None
        if training_args.resume_from_checkpoint is not None:
            checkpoint = training_args.resume_from_checkpoint
        elif last_checkpoint is not None:
            checkpoint = last_checkpoint
        train_result = trainer.train(resume_from_checkpoint=checkpoint)
        trainer.save_model()  # Saves the tokenizer too for easy upload

        metrics = train_result.metrics

        max_train_samples = (
            data_args.max_train_samples if data_args.max_train_samples is not None else len(train_dataset)
        )
        metrics["train_samples"] = min(max_train_samples, len(train_dataset))

        trainer.log_metrics("train", metrics)
        trainer.save_metrics("train", metrics)
        trainer.save_state()

    # Evaluation
    if training_args.do_eval:
        logger.info("*** Evaluate ***")

        metrics = trainer.evaluate()

        max_eval_samples = data_args.max_eval_samples if data_args.max_eval_samples is not None else len(eval_dataset)
        metrics["eval_samples"] = min(max_eval_samples, len(eval_dataset))
        try:
            perplexity = math.exp(metrics["eval_loss"])
        except OverflowError:
            perplexity = float("inf")
        metrics["perplexity"] = perplexity

        trainer.log_metrics("eval", metrics)
        trainer.save_metrics("eval", metrics)

    kwargs = {"finetuned_from": model_args.model_name_or_path, "tasks": "text-generation"}
    if data_args.dataset_name is not None:
        kwargs["dataset_tags"] = data_args.dataset_name
        if data_args.dataset_config_name is not None:
            kwargs["dataset_args"] = data_args.dataset_config_name
            kwargs["dataset"] = f"{data_args.dataset_name} {data_args.dataset_config_name}"
        else:
            kwargs["dataset"] = data_args.dataset_name

    if training_args.push_to_hub:
        trainer.push_to_hub(**kwargs)
    else:
        trainer.create_model_card(**kwargs)


def _mp_fn(index):
    # For xla_spawn (TPUs)
    main()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

"""
python run_clm.py \
    --train_file /tmp/pycharm_project_806/LCSTS_new/train.json \
    --tokenizer_name /home/chenjq/pythonWork/nlp/train_new_gpt2/my-tok \
    --model_type gpt2 \
    --num_train_epochs 2 \
    --per_device_train_batch_size 4 \
    --gradient_accumulation_steps 8 \
    --do_train \
    --output_dir ./tmp/test-clm
    
/tmp/pycharm_project_806/LCSTS_new/train.json
/tmp/pycharm_project_806/cluener.json
    --gradient_accumulation_steps 8 \

--max_train_samples 1000
"""

训练代码参考：

https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/examples/pytorch/language-modeling/README.md

 结果对比

推理代码

from transformers import GPT2Tokenizer,GPT2LMHeadModel, set_seed
set_seed(42)

# model_path = '/tmp/pycharm_project_806/tmp/test-clm/checkpoint-5500'
model_path = "/home/chenjq/model/gpt2"

tokenizer = GPT2Tokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)

# add the EOS token as PAD token to avoid warnings
model = GPT2LMHeadModel.from_pretrained(model_path,pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id)

# encode context the generation is conditioned on
input_ids = tokenizer.encode('美国', return_tensors='pt')

# generate text until the output length (which includes the context length) reaches 50
greedy_output = model.generate(input_ids, max_length=50)

print("Output:\n" + 100 * '-')
print(tokenizer.decode(greedy_output[0], skip_special_tokens=True))


# activate beam search and early_stopping
beam_output = model.generate(
    input_ids,
    max_length=50,
    num_beams=5,
    early_stopping=True
)

print("Output:\n" + 100 * '-')
print(tokenizer.decode(beam_output[0], skip_special_tokens=True))



# set no_repeat_ngram_size to 2
beam_output = model.generate(
    input_ids,
    max_length=50,
    num_beams=5,
    no_repeat_ngram_size=2,
    early_stopping=True
)

print("Output:\n" + 100 * '-')
print(tokenizer.decode(beam_output[0], skip_special_tokens=True))



# set return_num_sequences > 1
beam_outputs = model.generate(
    input_ids,
    max_length=50,
    num_beams=5,
    no_repeat_ngram_size=2,
    num_return_sequences=5,
    early_stopping=True
)

# now we have 3 output sequences
print("Output:\n" + 100 * '-')
for i, beam_output in enumerate(beam_outputs):
  print("{}: {}".format(i, tokenizer.decode(beam_output, skip_special_tokens=True)))




# activate sampling and deactivate top_k by setting top_k sampling to 0
sample_output = model.generate(
    input_ids,
    do_sample=True,
    max_length=50,
    top_k=0
)

print("Output:\n" + 100 * '-')
print(tokenizer.decode(sample_output[0], skip_special_tokens=True))




# use temperature to decrease the sensitivity to low probability candidates
sample_output = model.generate(
    input_ids,
    do_sample=True,
    max_length=50,
    top_k=0,
    temperature=0.7
)

print("Output:\n" + 100 * '-')
print(tokenizer.decode(sample_output[0], skip_special_tokens=True))





# set top_k to 50
sample_output = model.generate(
    input_ids,
    do_sample=True,
    max_length=50,
    top_k=50
)

print("top_k Output:\n" + 100 * '-')
print(tokenizer.decode(sample_output[0], skip_special_tokens=True))





# deactivate top_k sampling and sample only from 92% most likely words
sample_output = model.generate(
    input_ids,
    do_sample=True,
    max_length=50,
    top_p=0.92,
    top_k=0
)

print("top_p Output:\n" + 100 * '-')
print(tokenizer.decode(sample_output[0], skip_special_tokens=True))

原始GPT2

自己训练的GPT2 （BPE tokenizer）

自己训练的GPT2  （sentencePiece tokenizer）

结论

1.训练数据采用了LCSTS数据集，LCSTS_new是中文短摘要最常用的LCSTS短摘要数据集的升级版本，在数据量、质量方面均有显著提升，在信息摘要与提炼的过程中，与原文的事实一致性需要得到重点关注。

{
  "id": 6,
  "summary": "中国游客大增多国放宽签证",
  "content": "①北京和上海户籍的游客可获得韩国多次签证；②“整容客”可以不经由韩国使领馆、直接在网上申请签证；③中泰免签的实施日期尚未敲定；④越南已向中国持通行证旅游的公民全面开放。"
}

2.从生成结果上看，自己训练的比原始的更好。

3.训练数据大约500M，都是短文本，新闻数据，缺乏多样性。可以尝试增加数据多样性，增加文本长度。