基于ubuntu2204使用kubeadm部署k8s集群

部署k8s集群

- 基础环境配置
- 安装container
- 安装runc
- 安装CNI插件
- 部署1.24版本k8s集群（flannel）
- - 安装crictl
  - 使用kubeadm部署集群
  - 节点加入集群
  - 部署flannel网络
  - 配置dashboard

本集群基于ubuntu2204系统使用kubeadm工具部署1.24版本k8s，容器运行时使用containerd（官方推荐），网络插件会选择使用flannel（适用小型集群）calico（适用大型复杂集群）

主机名	IP	机器资源
master	192.168.200.170	6G_6C_150G
worker01	192.168.200.171	6G_6C_150G
worker02	192.168.200.172	6G_6C_150G

基础环境配置

脚本配置主机名、主机映射、集群免密、时间同步、关闭swap交换分区等等

root@localhost:~# cat init.sh
#!/bin/bash

# 定义节点信息
NODES=("192.168.200.170 master root" "192.168.200.171 worker01 root" "192.168.200.172 worker02 root")

# 定义当前节点的密码（默认集群统一密码）
HOST_PASS="000000"

# 时间同步的目标节点
TIME_SERVER=master

# 时间同步的地址段
TIME_SERVER_IP=192.160.200.0/24

# 欢迎界面
cat > /etc/motd <<EOF
 ################################
 #       Welcome  to  k8s       #
 ################################
EOF

# 修改主机名
for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
  ip=$(echo "$node" | awk '{print $1}')
  hostname=$(echo "$node" | awk '{print $2}')

  # 获取当前节点的主机名和 IP
  current_ip=$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}')
  current_hostname=$(hostname)

  # 检查当前节点与要修改的节点信息是否匹配
  if [[ "$current_ip" == "$ip" && "$current_hostname" != "$hostname" ]]; then
    echo "Updating hostname to $hostname on $current_ip..."
    hostnamectl set-hostname "$hostname"

    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
      echo "Hostname updated successfully."
    else
      echo "Failed to update hostname."
    fi

    break
  fi
done

# 遍历节点信息并添加到 hosts 文件
for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
  ip=$(echo "$node" | awk '{print $1}')
  hostname=$(echo "$node" | awk '{print $2}')

  # 检查 hosts 文件中是否已存在相应的解析
  if grep -q "$ip $hostname" /etc/hosts; then
    echo "Host entry for $hostname already exists in /etc/hosts."
  else
    # 添加节点的解析条目到 hosts 文件
    sudo sh -c "echo '$ip $hostname' >> /etc/hosts"
    echo "Added host entry for $hostname in /etc/hosts."
  fi
done

if [[ ! -s ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ]]; then
    ssh-keygen -t rsa -N '' -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -q -b 2048
fi

# 检查并安装 sshpass 工具
if ! which sshpass &> /dev/null; then
    echo "sshpass 工具未安装，正在安装 sshpass..."
    sudo apt-get install -y sshpass
fi

# 遍历所有节点进行免密操作
for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
    ip=$(echo "$node" | awk '{print $1}')
    hostname=$(echo "$node" | awk '{print $2}')
    user=$(echo "$node" | awk '{print $3}')

    # 使用 sshpass 提供密码，并自动确认密钥
    sshpass -p "$HOST_PASS" ssh-copy-id -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "$user@$hostname"
done

# 时间同步
apt install -y chrony
if [[ $TIME_SERVER_IP == *$(hostname -I)* ]]; then
    # 配置当前节点为时间同步源
    sed -i '20,23s/^/#/g' /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
    echo "server $TIME_SERVER iburst maxsources 2" >> /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
    echo "allow $TIME_SERVER_IP" >> /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
    echo "local stratum 10" >> /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
else
    # 配置当前节点同步到目标节点
    sed -i '20,23s/^/#/g' /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
    echo "pool $TIME_SERVER iburst maxsources 2" >> /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
fi

# 重启并启用 chrony 服务
systemctl restart chronyd
systemctl enable chronyd

# 关闭交换分区
swapoff -a
sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

#配置 Linux 主机以支持 Kubernetes 网络和容器桥接网络
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

sudo modprobe overlay
sudo modprobe br_netfilter

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
EOF

sudo sysctl --system


echo "###############################################################"
echo "#################      k8s集群初始化成功     ####################"
echo "###############################################################"
root@localhost:~#

root@localhost:~# bash init.sh
root@localhost:~# bash
root@master:~# hostname -i
192.168.200.170
root@master:~# scp init.sh worker01:/root
init.sh                                                                                     100% 3590     5.4MB/s   00:00
root@master:~# scp init.sh worker02:/root
init.sh                                                                                     100% 3590     8.3MB/s   00:00
root@master:~#

root@localhost:~# bash init.sh
root@localhost:~# bash
root@worker01:~# hostname -i
192.168.200.171

root@localhost:~# bash init.sh
root@localhost:~# bash
root@worker02:~# hostname -i
192.168.200.172

安装container

在官网中描述containerd的版本尽量使用最新版本，然后下载

在这里插入图片描述

GitHub下载地址；https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/tag/v1.6.24

在这里插入图片描述

下载后将压缩包给上传到三台机器，并配置

#!/bin/bash

tar -zxf containerd-1.6.24-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

#修改配置文件
cat > /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service <<eof
# Copyright The containerd Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

[Unit]
Description=containerd container runtime
Documentation=https://containerd.io
After=network.target local-fs.target

[Service]
#uncomment to enable the experimental sbservice (sandboxed) version of containerd/cri integration
#Environment="ENABLE_CRI_SANDBOXES=sandboxed"
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe overlay
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/containerd

Type=notify
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
LimitNOFILE=infinity
# Comment TasksMax if your systemd version does not supports it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.
TasksMax=infinity
OOMScoreAdjust=-999

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
eof

#加载生效
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now containerd

#查看版本并生成配置文件
ctr version
mkdir /etc/containerd
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
systemctl restart containerd

root@master:~# bash ctr_install.sh
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service → /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service.
Client:
  Version:  v1.6.24
  Revision: 61f9fd88f79f081d64d6fa3bb1a0dc71ec870523
  Go version: go1.20.8

Server:
  Version:  v1.6.24
  Revision: 61f9fd88f79f081d64d6fa3bb1a0dc71ec870523
  UUID: aeb8105e-81f6-4e35-8e5e-daeca1f3cba8

root@worker01:~# bash ctr_install.sh
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service → /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service.
Client:
  Version:  v1.6.24
  Revision: 61f9fd88f79f081d64d6fa3bb1a0dc71ec870523
  Go version: go1.20.8

Server:
  Version:  v1.6.24
  Revision: 61f9fd88f79f081d64d6fa3bb1a0dc71ec870523
  UUID: 2f44bdcb-f14f-4a50-84d7-849b66072202

root@worker02:~# bash ctr_install.sh
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service → /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service.
Client:
  Version:  v1.6.24
  Revision: 61f9fd88f79f081d64d6fa3bb1a0dc71ec870523
  Go version: go1.20.8

Server:
  Version:  v1.6.24
  Revision: 61f9fd88f79f081d64d6fa3bb1a0dc71ec870523
  UUID: 719c4f89-9f87-41d4-a8d5-2078b3eca1b4

安装runc

版本对应要求如下

在这里插入图片描述

GitHub下载地址：https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/tag/v1.1.9

在这里插入图片描述

上传到机器并安装

root@master:~# install -m 755 runc.amd64 /usr/local/sbin/runc
root@master:~# runc -v
runc version 1.1.9
commit: v1.1.9-0-gccaecfcb
spec: 1.0.2-dev
go: go1.20.3
libseccomp: 2.5.4
root@master:~#

root@worker01:~# install -m 755 runc.amd64 /usr/local/sbin/runc
root@worker01:~# runc -v
runc version 1.1.9
commit: v1.1.9-0-gccaecfcb
spec: 1.0.2-dev
go: go1.20.3
libseccomp: 2.5.4
root@worker01:~#

root@worker02:~# install -m 755 runc.amd64 /usr/local/sbin/runc
root@worker02:~# runc -v
runc version 1.1.9
commit: v1.1.9-0-gccaecfcb
spec: 1.0.2-dev
go: go1.20.3
libseccomp: 2.5.4
root@worker02:~#

安装CNI插件

GitHub下载：https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/tag/v1.3.0

在这里插入图片描述

上传到机器后并配置

root@master:~# mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
root@master:~# tar -zxf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

root@worker01:~# mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
root@worker01:~# tar -zxf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

root@worker02:~# mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
root@worker02:~# tar -zxf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

配置加速和驱动

#!/bin/bash

sed -i 's/config_path\ =.*/config_path = \"\/etc\/containerd\/certs.d\"/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml
mkdir -p /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io

cat > /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/hosts.toml << EOF
server = "https://docker.io"
[host."https://o90diikg.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
  capabilities = ["pull", "resolve"]
EOF

#cgroup 驱动
sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup\ =\ false/SystemdCgroup\ =\ true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i 's/sandbox_image\ =.*/sandbox_image\ =\ "registry.aliyuncs.com\/google_containers\/pause:3.8"/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml|grep sandbox_image

systemctl daemon-reload ; systemctl restart containerd

root@master:~# bash jiasu.sh

root@worker01:~# bash jiasu.sh

root@worker02:~# bash jiasu.sh

部署1.24版本k8s集群（flannel）

安装crictl

GitHub下载地址：https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/tag/v1.24.0

在这里插入图片描述

上传机器并配置

#!/bin/bash

tar -zxf crictl-v1.24.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/

cat >>  /etc/crictl.yaml << EOF
runtime-endpoint: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: true
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload;systemctl restart containerd
crictl -v

root@master:~# bash cri-install.sh
crictl version v1.24.0

root@worker01:~# bash cri-install.sh
crictl version v1.24.0

root@worker02:~# bash cri-install.sh
crictl version v1.24.0

使用kubeadm部署集群

配置阿里云k8s仓库，官方教程：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetes?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.cf2f1b11HCUTHe

#!/bin/bash
apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add - 
cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
apt-get update

root@master:~# bash apt.sh

root@worker01:~# bash apt.sh

root@worker02:~# bash apt.sh

安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl（1.24.0版本）

root@master:~# apt install -y kubelet=1.24.0-00 kubeadm=1.24.0-00 kubectl=1.24.0-00
root@master:~# kubeadm version
kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"24", GitVersion:"v1.24.0", GitCommit:"4ce5a8954017644c5420bae81d72b09b735c21f0", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2022-05-03T13:44:24Z", GoVersion:"go1.18.1", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

root@worker01:~# apt install -y kubelet=1.24.0-00 kubeadm=1.24.0-00 kubectl=1.24.0-00

root@worker02:~# apt install -y kubelet=1.24.0-00 kubeadm=1.24.0-00 kubectl=1.24.0-00

生成默认的配置文件并修改

root@master:~# kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml

root@master:~# cat kubeadm.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.200.170 #修改为master的IP
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  name: master #修改为master节点主机名
  taints: null
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers #修改为阿里云仓库
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.24.0 #根据实际版本号修改
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16   ## 设置pod网段
scheduler: {}

#添加内容：配置kubelet的CGroup为systemd
---
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
cgroupDriver: systemd
root@master:~#

下载镜像

root@master:~# kubeadm config images pull --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers  --kubernetes-version=v1.24.0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.24.0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.24.0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.24.0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.24.0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.3-0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.6

开始初始化

root@master:~# kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml
.........
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.200.170:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a0265437e9252df5ca6d92db35ab087b8e76d0ac92be78a230539e084a99a49d
root@master:~#

配置访问k8s集群

root@master:~# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
root@master:~# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
root@master:~# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

节点加入集群

root@worker01:~# kubeadm join 192.168.200.170:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a0265437e9252df5ca6d92db35ab087b8e76d0ac92be78a230539e084a99a49d
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: missing optional cgroups: blkio
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

root@worker01:~#

root@worker02:~# kubeadm join 192.168.200.170:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a0265437e9252df5ca6d92db35ab087b8e76d0ac92be78a230539e084a99a49d
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: missing optional cgroups: blkio
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

root@worker02:~#

验证集群，因为还没有部署网络coredns还起不来，并且是notready状态

root@master:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME       STATUS     ROLES           AGE    VERSION
master     NotReady   control-plane   6m8s   v1.24.0
worker01   NotReady   <none>          104s   v1.24.0
worker02   NotReady   <none>          21s    v1.24.0
root@master:~# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   coredns-74586cf9b6-j8ncr         0/1     Pending   0          7m28s
kube-system   coredns-74586cf9b6-rk88b         0/1     Pending   0          7m28s
kube-system   etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0          7m33s
kube-system   kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0          7m35s
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0          7m33s
kube-system   kube-proxy-gwrst                 1/1     Running   0          7m28s
kube-system   kube-proxy-hpsfj                 1/1     Running   0          110s
kube-system   kube-proxy-xz8c7                 1/1     Running   0          3m13s
kube-system   kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0          7m33s
root@master:~#

注：node节点是不能使用kubectl命令的，需要做以下操作

root@worker01:~# kubectl get nodes
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
root@worker01:~# scp -r root@master:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
admin.conf                                                                                 100% 5643    13.2MB/s   00:00
root@worker01:~# echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> /etc/profile
root@worker01:~# source /etc/profile
root@worker01:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME       STATUS     ROLES           AGE     VERSION
master     NotReady   control-plane   10m     v1.24.0
worker01   NotReady   <none>          6m26s   v1.24.0
worker02   NotReady   <none>          5m3s    v1.24.0
root@worker01:~#

部署flannel网络

根据官网部署：https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel

在这里插入图片描述

注；官网配置文件中的镜像都是国外的，我已经拉取到本地并推送到阿里云上了，可直接使用文件如下，需要注意的一点就是里面的podcidr网络要和你在kubeadm中配置的podcidr网络一致，如果需要自定义自行同步修改

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
  name: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - clustercidrs
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    app: flannel
    k8s-app: flannel
    tier: node
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  labels:
    app: flannel
    k8s-app: flannel
    tier: node
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
      k8s-app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: flannel
        k8s-app: flannel
        tier: node
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      containers:
      - args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
          value: "5000"
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/huhy481556/flannel:v0.22.3
        name: kube-flannel
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 50Mi
        securityContext:
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_ADMIN
            - NET_RAW
          privileged: false
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /run/flannel
          name: run
        - mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
          name: flannel-cfg
        - mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
          name: xtables-lock
      hostNetwork: true
      initContainers:
      - args:
        - -f
        - /flannel
        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
        command:
        - cp
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/huhy481556/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.2.0
        name: install-cni-plugin
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
          name: cni-plugin
      - args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        command:
        - cp
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/huhy481556/flannel:v0.22.3
        name: install-cni
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
          name: cni
        - mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
          name: flannel-cfg
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      tolerations:
      - effect: NoSchedule
        operator: Exists
      volumes:
      - hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
        name: run
      - hostPath:
          path: /opt/cni/bin
        name: cni-plugin
      - hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
        name: cni
      - configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
        name: flannel-cfg
      - hostPath:
          path: /run/xtables.lock
          type: FileOrCreate
        name: xtables-lock

root@master:~# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yaml
namespace/kube-flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds created
root@master:~# kubectl get pod -n kube-flannel
NAME                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-flannel-ds-djwng   1/1     Running   0          14s
kube-flannel-ds-g8l9k   1/1     Running   0          14s
kube-flannel-ds-gr5pg   1/1     Running   0          14s
root@master:~# kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE      NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-djwng            1/1     Running   0          2m52s
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-g8l9k            1/1     Running   0          2m52s
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-gr5pg            1/1     Running   0          2m52s
kube-system    coredns-74586cf9b6-v599t         1/1     Running   0          6m27s
kube-system    coredns-74586cf9b6-wbv8c         1/1     Running   0          6m27s
kube-system    etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0          6m40s
kube-system    kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0          6m40s
kube-system    kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0          6m40s
kube-system    kube-proxy-6fwpp                 1/1     Running   0          5m58s
kube-system    kube-proxy-f5w9f                 1/1     Running   0          6m27s
kube-system    kube-proxy-hgrpc                 1/1     Running   0          5m57s
kube-system    kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0          6m40s
root@master:~#
root@master:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME       STATUS   ROLES           AGE     VERSION
master     Ready    control-plane   6m59s   v1.24.0
worker01   Ready    <none>          6m13s   v1.24.0
worker02   Ready    <none>          6m12s   v1.24.0
root@master:~#

配置k8s命令补全，这样使用Tab就可以补全命令

root@master:~# apt install -y bash-completion
root@master:~# source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
root@master:~# source <(kubectl completion bash)
root@master:~# echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc

配置dashboard

官网最新推荐版本：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/releases/tag/v2.6.1

在这里插入图片描述

提前下载好镜像，并推送到自己的阿里云
文档地址：https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.6.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml，拉取文档后把镜像拉取地址修改为自己的阿里云地址，并且添加了nodeport打开端口30008，修改后如下

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort #添加
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30008  # 添加，用于界面端口访问
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/huhy481556/dashboard:v2.6.1
          #image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.6.1
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/huhy481556/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8
          #image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

root@master:~# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
root@master:~# kubectl get pod -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-6fb775d6cd-hglgg   1/1     Running   0          71s
kubernetes-dashboard-b8599cfd-dv5gf          1/1     Running   0          71s
root@master:~#
root@master:~# kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.108.20.88   <none>        8000/TCP        135s
kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.99.33.57    <none>        443:30008/TCP   135s
root@master:~#

界面访问: https://IP:30008

在这里插入图片描述

手动生成Token（创建好的Token创建保存好，如果忘记了可以重新生成，但是之前的Token不会被覆盖一样可以使用）

root@master:~# cat test.yaml
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: admin
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
root@master:~# kubectl apply -f test.yaml
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin created
serviceaccount/admin created
root@master:~# kubectl create token admin  -n kubernetes-dashboard
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjZGX0pPcGlrQnBZUVFhQUZSV3hVdEF3Z1ZDUnRkWEZGQVdmTUN2cy1sMVEifQ.eyJhdWQiOlsiaHR0cHM6Ly9rdWJlcm5ldGVzLmRlZmF1bHQuc3ZjLmNsdXN0ZXIubG9jYWwiXSwiZXhwIjoxNjk1NjQzODMwLCJpYXQiOjE2OTU2NDAyMzAsImlzcyI6Imh0dHBzOi8va3ViZXJuZXRlcy5kZWZhdWx0LnN2Yy5jbHVzdGVyLmxvY2FsIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pbyI6eyJuYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZCIsInNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Ijp7Im5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbiIsInVpZCI6ImMxMGM1NWQ5LTUzYTctNGQ4Yy1hZTRjLTdhODAyNGQyNTU2ZiJ9fSwibmJmIjoxNjk1NjQwMjMwLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZXJuZXRlcy1kYXNoYm9hcmQ6YWRtaW4ifQ.T_aw9JBhZ72kEvgg8qLV2grdwSenP1ZBzOx1T8MK56tKofZA8YFPGkAfWH2Llfif5yvmaMbhw8d96-IsfvmAgkSnVBr0wqKp18S99YwEYY7JzoOkb44H993PsbAWtDaeawKovVvNywh3ZyA4Bf53RNnnKNVALCTDDWVaD2UZVcEqRvye5vpiiClZqS8WcshZ-BaR8XTFjsQbwbWtlOSHKWP0WIEJpwH3FYIsuCttZcKlM-zcko5etSh5Jjvvbznx2fuZsVSWE8O4V7S4MTOF-VWTuNVD367qYDJOgy1yrVCTIoFZvwrQrX47OkiK2phZ1rD8_QrhGuCTJaz50x4csg
root@master:~#

在这里插入图片描述