1、NFT - 维基百科

ERC-1155 标准于2018年6月由Witek Radomski、Andrew Cooke、Philippe Castonguay、James Therien、Eric Binet及Ronan Sandford提出。此标准可针对单一应用合约，提供同质代币、非同质代币（用ERC-1155建构ERC-721资产）及其他结构类型（例如半同质代币，semi-fungible tokens）的多元组合。相较于ERC-721每创立一个代币ID就对应一个单独智能合约资产，在ERC-1155多元代币标准下，每个代币ID可以代表一系列不同类型的资产，并附加量化区块以标示钱包中各类型资产的数量；同类型资产可以互换，要转让多少数量也可以。
ERC-1155 标准下的NFT结构上更有弹性：拥有元数据、供应量与其他属性；新功能包括：可一次传输多种代币类型以节省交易成本、也可同时进行多个代币交易（托管/原子交换）而无需逐一批准每个合约、可在单一应用合约中注明并混搭多种FT、NFT及SFT。

2、IERC1155MetadataURI

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;


// ERC1155的可选接口，加入了uri()函数查询元数据
interface IERC1155MetadataURI  {
    // 返回第`id`种类代币的URI
    function uri(uint256 id) external view returns (string memory);
}

3、IERC1155Receiver

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "./IERC165.sol";

interface IERC1155Receiver is IERC165 {
    // 接受ERC1155安全转账`safeTransferFrom`     
    function onERC1155Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 id,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);

    // 接受ERC1155批量安全转账`safeBatchTransferFrom` 
    function onERC1155BatchReceived(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256[] calldata ids,
        uint256[] calldata values,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

4、IERC1155

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "./IERC165.sol";

// https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155[EIP].
interface IERC1155 is IERC165 {
    // 单类代币转账事件
    event TransferSingle(
        address indexed operator, 
        address indexed from, 
        address indexed to, 
        uint256 id, 
        uint256 value
    );

    // 批量代币转账事件, ids和values为转账的代币种类和数量数组
    event TransferBatch(
        address indexed operator, 
        address indexed from, 
        address indexed to, 
        uint256[] ids, 
        uint256[] values
    );

    // 批量授权事件, 当`account`将所有代币授权给`operator`时释放
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed account, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    // 当`id`种类的代币的URI发生变化时释放，`value`为新的URI
    event URI(string value, uint256 indexed id);

    // 持仓查询，返回`account`拥有的`id`种类的代币的持仓量
    function balanceOf(address account, uint256 id) external view returns (uint256);

    // 批量持仓查询，`accounts`和`ids`数组的长度要想等。
    function balanceOfBatch(address[] calldata accounts, uint256[] calldata ids) external view returns (uint256[] memory);

    // 批量授权，将调用者的代币授权给`operator`地址。释放{ApprovalForAll}事件.
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external;

    // 批量授权查询，如果授权地址`operator`被`account`授权，则返回`true`
    function isApprovedForAll(address account, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    // 安全转账，将`amount`单位`id`种类的代币从`from`转账给`to`.  释放{TransferSingle}事件.
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 id, uint256 amount, bytes calldata data) external;

    // 批量安全转账, 释放{TransferBatch}事件
    function safeBatchTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256[] calldata ids, uint256[] calldata amounts, bytes calldata data) external;
}

5、ERC1155

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "./IERC1155.sol";
import "./IERC1155Receiver.sol";
import "./IERC1155MetadataURI.sol";
import "./Address.sol";
import "./Strings.sol";
import "./IERC165.sol";

// ERC1155多代币标准 https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155
contract ERC1155 is IERC165, IERC1155, IERC1155MetadataURI {
    using Address for address; 
    using Strings for uint256; 
    // Token名称
    string public name;
    // Token代号
    string public symbol;
    // 代币种类id 到 账户account 到 余额balances 的映射
    mapping(uint256 => mapping(address => uint256)) private _balances;
    // address 到 授权地址 的批量授权映射
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    // 构造函数，初始化`name` 和`symbol`, uri_
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        name = name_;
        symbol = symbol_;
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) 
        public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC1155).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC1155MetadataURI).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }

    // 持仓查询 实现IERC1155的balanceOf，返回account地址的id种类代币持仓量。
    function balanceOf(address account, uint256 id) 
        public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC1155: address zero is not a valid owner");
        return _balances[id][account];
    }

    // @dev 批量持仓查询   
    function balanceOfBatch(address[] memory accounts, uint256[] memory ids) 
        public view virtual override returns (uint256[] memory) {
        require(accounts.length == ids.length, "ERC1155: accounts and ids length mismatch");
        uint256[] memory batchBalances = new uint256[](accounts.length);

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < accounts.length; ++i) {
            batchBalances[i] = balanceOf(accounts[i], ids[i]);
        }
        
        return batchBalances;
    }

    //  批量授权，调用者授权operator使用其所有代币
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) 
        public virtual override {
        require(msg.sender != operator, "ERC1155: setting approval status for self");
        _operatorApprovals[msg.sender][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(msg.sender, operator, approved);
    }
                                    
    // 查询批量授权.
    function isApprovedForAll(address account, address operator) 
        public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[account][operator];
    }

    // 安全转账，将`amount`单位的`id`种类代币从`from`转账到`to`
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 id, uint256 amount, bytes memory data) 
        public virtual override {
        address operator = msg.sender;
        // 调用者是持有者或是被授权
        require(
            from == operator || isApprovedForAll(from, operator),
            "ERC1155: caller is not token owner nor approved"
        );
        require(to != address(0), "ERC1155: transfer to the zero address");
        // from地址有足够持仓
        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[id][from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC1155: insufficient balance for transfer");
        // 更新持仓量
        unchecked {
            _balances[id][from] = fromBalance - amount;
        }
        _balances[id][to] += amount;
        // 释放事件
        emit TransferSingle(operator, from, to, id, amount);
        // 安全检查
        _doSafeTransferAcceptanceCheck(operator, from, to, id, amount, data);    
    }

    // 批量安全转账，将`amounts`数组单位的`ids`数组种类代币从`from`转账到`to`
    function safeBatchTransferFrom(
        address from, address to, uint256[] memory ids, 
        uint256[] memory amounts, bytes memory data) 
        public virtual override {
        address operator = msg.sender;
        // 调用者是持有者或是被授权
        require(
            from == operator || isApprovedForAll(from, operator),
            "ERC1155: caller is not token owner nor approved"
        );
        require(ids.length == amounts.length, "ERC1155: ids and amounts length mismatch");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC1155: transfer to the zero address");

        // 通过for循环更新持仓  
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < ids.length; ++i) {
            uint256 id = ids[i];
            uint256 amount = amounts[i];

            uint256 fromBalance = _balances[id][from];
            require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC1155: insufficient balance for transfer");
            unchecked {
                _balances[id][from] = fromBalance - amount;
            }
            _balances[id][to] += amount;
        }

        emit TransferBatch(operator, from, to, ids, amounts);
        // 安全检查
        _doSafeBatchTransferAcceptanceCheck(operator, from, to, ids, amounts, data);    
    }

    // 锻造
    function _mint(address to, uint256 id, uint256 amount, bytes memory data) 
        internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC1155: mint to the zero address");

        address operator = msg.sender;

        _balances[id][to] += amount;
        emit TransferSingle(operator, address(0), to, id, amount);

        _doSafeTransferAcceptanceCheck(operator, address(0), to, id, amount, data);
    }

    // 批量铸造
    function _mintBatch(address to, uint256[] memory ids, 
        uint256[] memory amounts, bytes memory data) 
        internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC1155: mint to the zero address");
        require(ids.length == amounts.length, "ERC1155: ids and amounts length mismatch");

        address operator = msg.sender;

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
            _balances[ids[i]][to] += amounts[i];
        }

        emit TransferBatch(operator, address(0), to, ids, amounts);

        _doSafeBatchTransferAcceptanceCheck(operator, address(0), to, ids, amounts, data);
    }

    // 销毁
    function _burn(address from, uint256 id, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC1155: burn from the zero address");

        address operator = msg.sender;
        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[id][from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC1155: burn amount exceeds balance");

        unchecked {
            _balances[id][from] = fromBalance - amount;
        }

        emit TransferSingle(operator, from, address(0), id, amount);
    }

    // 批量销毁
    function _burnBatch(address from, uint256[] memory ids, uint256[] memory amounts) 
        internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC1155: burn from the zero address");
        require(ids.length == amounts.length, "ERC1155: ids and amounts length mismatch");

        address operator = msg.sender;

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
            uint256 id = ids[i];
            uint256 amount = amounts[i];

            uint256 fromBalance = _balances[id][from];
            require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC1155: burn amount exceeds balance");
            unchecked {
                _balances[id][from] = fromBalance - amount;
            }
        }

        emit TransferBatch(operator, from, address(0), ids, amounts);
    }

    // 安全转账检查
    function _doSafeTransferAcceptanceCheck( address operator, address from, address to,
        uint256 id, uint256 amount, bytes memory data) private {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC1155Receiver(to).onERC1155Received(operator, from, id, amount, data) returns (bytes4 response) {
                if (response != IERC1155Receiver.onERC1155Received.selector) {
                    revert("ERC1155: ERC1155Receiver rejected tokens");
                }
            } catch Error(string memory reason) {
                revert(reason);
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1155: transfer to non-ERC1155Receiver implementer");
            }
        }
    }

    // ERC1155的批量安全转账检查
    function _doSafeBatchTransferAcceptanceCheck( 
        address operator, address from, address to,
        uint256[] memory ids, uint256[] memory amounts, bytes memory data) private {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC1155Receiver(to).onERC1155BatchReceived(operator, from, ids, amounts, data) returns (
                bytes4 response
            ) {
                if (response != IERC1155Receiver.onERC1155BatchReceived.selector) {
                    revert("ERC1155: ERC1155Receiver rejected tokens");
                }
            } catch Error(string memory reason) {
                revert(reason);
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1155: transfer to non-ERC1155Receiver implementer");
            }
        }
    }

    // 返回id种类代币的uri，存储metadata，类似ERC721的tokenURI.
    function uri(uint256 id)  public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, id.toString())) : "";
    }

    // 计算{uri}的BaseURI，uri就是把baseURI和tokenId拼接在一起，需要开发重写.
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return "";
    }
}

6、NFT1155

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;


import "./ERC1155.sol"; 

contract NFT1155 is ERC1155 {
    uint256 constant MAX_ID = 10000;

    constructor() ERC1155("NFT1155", "NFT1155"){

    }

    function _baseURI() internal pure override returns (string memory) {
        return "ipfs://QmcPGA3kecSMfHcv8i6wpgB2RkPA1FSVqu6AZY3rKNmxuj/";
    }

    function mint(address to, uint256 id, uint256 amount) external {
        require(id < MAX_ID, "id overflow");
        _mint(to, id, amount, "");
    }

    function mintBatch(address to, uint256[] memory ids, uint256[] memory amounts) external {
        for(uint256 i = 0; i < ids.length;i++){
            require(ids[i] < MAX_ID, "id overflow");
        }
        _mintBatch(to, ids, amounts, "");
    }
}

测试运行：

7、开源地址

gitee 开源地址。

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