在我们进行Java的Web应用开发时,如何写更少的代码,做更多的事情。如何让开发更容易上手,更专注于业务层面,不需要太关心底层的实现。这里就分享一些我平时在搭建基础框架时候的一些心得体验。
统一处理返回值
在web应用中,通常前后端会定义一个统一的对象来封装返回值,一般除了业务数据之外,可能会包含一些请求相关的数据
例如以下这个对象:
- code来标识整个请求的结果
- msg用于返回错误信息
- data用于返回实际的业务数据。
{
"code": 0,
"msg": "success",
"data": {}
}
统一封装的好处就是前端可以使用统一的逻辑进行请求处理,能够编写通用代码来处理返回值。
当然这也需要后端做一定的开发。通常我们都是直接写在代码里面,手动去创建一个封装对象,然后将数据set进去,或者是封装类添加一些静态方法之类的。 在大部分情况下,这些工作都是重复的。
ResponseBodyAdvice 的执行流程
今天介绍的这个接口, ResponseBodyAdvice, 这是由SpringMvc提供的一个接口,在消息转换前处理返回值,源码如下:
public interface ResponseBodyAdvice<T>{
boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType);
T beforeBodyWrite(T body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType,
Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType,
ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response);
}
这个接口在返回值被消息转换器写回前端之前进行处理, 大致处理流程如下:
我们实现这个接口的代码主要在这个方法里被调用 RequestResponseBodyAdviceChain.processBody, 可以看到这一段逻辑很简单
先执行ResponseBodyAdvice.supports看当前切面类是否支持,如果支持再调用ResponseBodyAdvice.beforeBodyWrite方法并返回
返回值会被 HttpMessageConverter.write 接口在进行最终的转换(例如转JSON),然后写回前端
private <T> Object processBody(@Nullable Object body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType contentType,
Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType,
ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) {
for (ResponseBodyAdvice<?> advice : getMatchingAdvice(returnType, ResponseBodyAdvice.class)) {
if (advice.supports(returnType, converterType)) {
body = ((ResponseBodyAdvice<T>) advice).beforeBodyWrite((T) body, returnType,
contentType, converterType, request, response);
}
}
return body;
}
ResponseBodyAdvice 的初始化
SpringMVC在初始化的时候, 会调用RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.initControllerAdviceCache,将ResponseBodyAdvice初始化到容器中
里面会调用ControllerAdviceBean.findAnnotatedBeans ,获取所有带有 @ControllerAdvice 注解的类
将所有实现了 ResponseBodyAdvice 接口的Bean放入requestResponseBodyAdviceBeans中, 在之前介绍到的 getAdvice() 方法取得就是该对象。
//代码片段
public static List<ControllerAdviceBean> findAnnotatedBeans(ApplicationContext context) {
return Arrays.stream(BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(context, Object.class))
.filter(name -> context.findAnnotationOnBean(name, ControllerAdvice.class) != null)
.map(name -> new ControllerAdviceBean(name, context))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
}
// 代码片段
for (ControllerAdviceBean adviceBean : adviceBeans) {
Class<?> beanType = adviceBean.getBeanType();
if (beanType == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unresolvable type for ControllerAdviceBean: " + adviceBean);
}
Set<Method> attrMethods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(beanType, MODEL_ATTRIBUTE_METHODS);
if (!attrMethods.isEmpty()) {
this.modelAttributeAdviceCache.put(adviceBean, attrMethods);
}
Set<Method> binderMethods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(beanType, INIT_BINDER_METHODS);
if (!binderMethods.isEmpty()) {
this.initBinderAdviceCache.put(adviceBean, binderMethods);
}
if (RequestBodyAdvice.class.isAssignableFrom(beanType)) {
requestResponseBodyAdviceBeans.add(adviceBean);
}
if (ResponseBodyAdvice.class.isAssignableFrom(beanType)) {
requestResponseBodyAdviceBeans.add(adviceBean);
}
}
了解到这些,我们实现一个通用的返回值处理就很简单了, 只需要实现 ResponseBodyAdvice 接口,并且加上 @ControllerAdvice 注解就可以了
这是我实现的一个,统一封装返回值的实现, 大家可以参考一下,根据自己的业务需求来进行修改
package com.diamondfsd.fast.mvc.advice;
import com.diamondfsd.fast.mvc.annotations.IgnoreAware;
import com.diamondfsd.fast.mvc.entity.FastResult;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.WeakHashMap;
/**
* 统一返回数据封装
* @author Diamond
*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class FastMvcResponseBodyAwareAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Object> {
private final Map<Method, Boolean> supportsCache = new WeakHashMap<>();
private final String [] basePackages;
private ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
public FastMvcResponseBodyAwareAdvice(String [] basePackages) {
this.basePackages = basePackages;
}
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {
if (supportsCache.containsKey(returnType.getMethod())) {
return supportsCache.get(returnType.getMethod());
}
boolean isSupport = getIsSupport(returnType);
supportsCache.put(returnType.getMethod(), isSupport);
return isSupport;
}
private boolean getIsSupport(MethodParameter returnType) {
Class<?> declaringClass = returnType.getMember().getDeclaringClass();
IgnoreAware classIgnore = declaringClass.getAnnotation(IgnoreAware.class);
IgnoreAware methodIgnore = returnType.getMethod().getAnnotation(IgnoreAware.class);
if (classIgnore != null || methodIgnore != null || FastResult.class.equals(returnType.getGenericParameterType())) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < basePackages.length; i++) {
if (declaringClass.getPackage().getName().startsWith(basePackages[i])) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
@Override
public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType,
Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request,
ServerHttpResponse response) {
FastResult<Object> result = new FastResult<>();
result.setData(body);
if (returnType.getGenericParameterType().equals(String.class)) {
try {
response.getHeaders().set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(result);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
}