记录一下数据库综合查询,复习加深印象
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创建教学数据库中包含四个基本表:
- 教师情况表Teacher(Tno 教师号,TName 教师名,TDept 教师所在的院系);
- 课程基本表Course(Cno 课号,Cname 课名,cpno 先修课号 , Tno 教师号);
- 学生情况表Student(Sno学号,Sname 姓名,Sage 年龄,Sex 性别,sdept 所在的院系);
- 学生成绩基本表SC 学生课程表(Sno 学号,Cno 课号,Grade 成绩);
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-- 删除表 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Student; -- 创建表 CREATE TABLE Student( Sno CHAR(9) PRIMARY KEY,-- 学号 主键 Sname VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,-- 姓名 非空且唯一 Sage INT NOT NULL,-- 年龄 Sex VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,-- 性别 Sdept VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL -- 所在系 )charset=utf8; -- 删除表 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Course; -- 创建表 CREATE TABLE Course( Cno CHAR(5) PRIMARY KEY,-- 课程号 主键 Cname VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,-- 课程名 非空 Cpno CHAR(5) ,-- 先行课号 Tno VARCHAR(5) -- 教师号 )charset=utf8; -- 删除表 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Teacher; -- 创建表 CREATE TABLE Teacher( Tno VARCHAR(5) PRIMARY KEY,-- 教师号 主键 Tname VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,-- 教师名 非空 Tdept VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL -- 教师号 )charset=utf8; -- 删除表 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS SC; -- 创建表 CREATE TABLE SC( Sno CHAR(9),-- 学号 主键 Cno CHAR(5),-- 课程号 主键 Grade INT NOT NULL, -- 成绩 foreign key(Sno) references Student(Sno), foreign key(Cno) references Course(Cno) )charset=utf8;
如果需要外键约束,额外添加即可,避免在后续sql删除修改语句中报错
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alter table course add foriegn key(Cpno) references course(Cno);
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alter table course add foreign key(Tno) references teacher(Tno);
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alter table sc add foreign key(Sno) references student(Sno);
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alter table sc add foreign key(Cno) references course(Cno);
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添加表信息
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添加学生表信息
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:
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添加课程表信息
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添加教师表信息
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添加选课表信息
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练习24个SQL语句,经过验证,都是正确能够运行的。
1. 查询所有女同学的姓名和年龄;
SELECT Sname,Sage FROM student where Sex = '女';
2. 查询计算机系教师开设的所有课程的课号和课名;
SELECT Cname,Cno FROM Course
WHERE Tno IN (
SELECT Tno FROM Teacher WHERE Tdept = '计算机系');
3. 查询所有女同学所选课程的课程号;
SELECT Cno FROM sc WHERE Sno IN (SELECT Sno FROM student WHERE Sex = '女');
4. 查询至少有一门课程的成绩高于90分的学生的姓名和年龄;
SELECT Sname,Sage
FROM student WHERE Sno IN (
SELECT Sno FROM sc WHERE Grade > 90);
5. 查询选修“数据库原理“的所有学生的姓名和成绩;
两种方式:
SELECT student.Sname,sc.Grade FROM student
JOIN sc ON student.Sno = sc.Sno
JOIN course ON sc.Cno = course.Cno
WHERE Cname = '数据库原理';
SELECT student.Sname,sc.Grade
FROM student,sc,course
WHERE student.Sno = sc.Sno AND sc.Cno = course.Cno AND Cname = '数据库原理';
6. 查询未选修“VB设计“的学生的学号和姓名;
SELECT Sno,Sname
FROM Student
WHERE Sno IN (
SELECT Sno FROM sc
WHERE Cno NOT IN (
SELECT Cno FROM course WHERE Cname = 'VB设计'));
7. 查询不是计算机系教师所讲授的课程的课名和课号;
SELECT Cname,Cno FROM Course
WHERE Tno NOT IN (
SELECT Tno FROM Teacher WHERE Tdept = '计算机系');
8. 查询未选修“21“号课的学生的学号和课号;
SELECT student.Sno,Cno FROM student,sc WHERE student.Sno=sc.Sno and Cno !='21';
9. 查询年龄在18~20岁(包括20和18)之间的所有学生的信息;
SELECT * FROM student WHERE Sage >= 18 AND Sage <= 20;
SELECT student.* FROM student WHERE Sage BETWEEN 18 AND 20;
10. 查询至少选修“21“和”41“两门课程的学生的学号;
SELECT Sno FROM sc WHERE Cno IN ('21', '41')
GROUP BY Sno HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT Cno) >= 2;
11. 查询选修楚梁老师所讲授课程的学生的学号和成绩
SELECT Sno,Grade FROM sc
WHERE Cno IN (
SELECT Cno FROM course WHERE Tno IN (
SELECT Tno FROM teacher WHERE Tname = '楚梁'));
12. 查询至少选修了两门课程的学生的学号
SELECT Sno FROM sc WHERE Cno
GROUP BY Sno HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT Cno) >= 2;
13. 查询选修高等数学课程的人数
SELECT count(Sno) AS 人数 FROM sc
WHERE Cno IN (
SELECT Cno FROM Course WHERE Cname = '高等数学')
14. 查询高等数学课程的平均分
SELECT avg(Grade) AS 高等数学平均分
FROM sc WHERE Cno IN (
SELECT Cno FROM Course WHERE Cname = '高等数学');
15. 查询黑姓的所有学生的姓名、年龄和性别
SELECT Sname,Sage,Sex FROM student WHERE Sname LIKE '黑%';
16. 查询学号比‘绯红女巫’同学大而年龄比他小的学生姓名
SELECT Sname FROM Student
WHERE Sno > (
SELECT Sno FROM student WHERE Sname = '绯红女巫'
)
AND Sage < (
SELECT Sage FROM student WHERE Sname = '绯红女巫'
);
17. 查询年龄大于所有女同学平均年龄的男学生的姓名和年龄
SELECT Sname,Sage FROM student
WHERE Sage > (
SELECT avg(Sage)FROM student WHERE Sex = '女')
AND Sex = '男';
18. 查询只选了一门课程的学生的学号
SELECT Student.Sno FROM Student
JOIN SC ON Student.Sno = SC.Sno
GROUP BY Student.Sno HAVING COUNT(SC.Cno) = 1;
19. 将每一门课程的成绩均大于等于80分的学生的学号、姓名和性别插入到另一个已经存在的基本表STU(Sno,SNAME,SEX)中
CREATE TABLE STU (
Sno CHAR (9) PRIMARY KEY,
-- 学号 主键
SNAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
-- 姓名 非空且唯一
SEX VARCHAR (5) NOT NULL -- 性别
) charset = utf8;
INSERT INTO STU (Sno, SNAME, SEX) SELECT
student.Sno,
student.Sname,
student.Sex
FROM student
WHERE student.Sno IN (
SELECT sc.Sno FROM sc GROUP BY sc.Sno HAVING MIN(sc.Grade) >= 80);
20. 将英语课程的任课教师号修改为412
UPDATE teacher SET Tno = 413
WHERE Tno IN (
SELECT Tno FROM course WHERE Cname = '四级英语');
21. 将低于总平均成绩的女同学的成绩提高5%
UPDATE sc
SET Grade = Grade * 1.05
WHERE Sno IN (
SELECT Sno FROM student WHERE Sex = '女'
)
AND Grade < (
SELECT avg_grade FROM
(
SELECT avg(Grade) AS avg_grade
FROM sc
) AS avg_G
);
22. 从基本表Course中删除白墨老师的任课信息
update course set Tno=null
WHERE course.Tno IN (
SELECT Tno FROM teacher WHERE Tname = '白墨');
DELETE FROM course where Tno =(Select Tno from teacher WHERE Tname='白墨');
23. 查询至少讲授两门课程的教师姓名和其所在的系
SELECT Tname,Tdept
FROM teacher left JOIN course ON teacher.Tno = course.Tno
GROUP BY Tname,Tdept HAVING COUNT(Cno) >= 2;
24. 查询计算机系的所有老师
SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE Tdept = '计算机系';
结语
外键约束的问题请查看
mysql,用sql语句,建立学生-课程数据库基本表_sql创建学生表-CSDN博客