linux监控脚本+自动触发邮件发送

linux脚本

需求：

CPU 负载：使用 uptime 命令，我们可以清楚地了解系统的 CPU 负载情况。这个命令会显示系统在过去 1 分钟、5 分钟和 15 分钟的平均负载。高负载可能意味着系统正在处理大量的任务，可能会导致性能下降或服务响应延迟。

内存使用：通过 free -m 命令，我们可以以 MB 为单位查看系统的内存使用情况，包括已使用内存、空闲内存、缓存和交换空间。这有助于我们判断系统是否需要更多的内存资源，或者是否存在内存泄漏等问题。

磁盘使用：df -h 命令为我们提供了磁盘空间使用情况的信息，让我们清楚地知道各个文件系统的使用比例。当磁盘空间接近饱和时，会严重影响系统的正常运行，甚至导致服务无法写入数据。

网络状态：ifconfig 命令可以让我们查看网络接口的状态，包括 IP 地址、MAC 地址、接收和发送的数据包数量等，帮助我们确保网络连接的正常。

服务状态检查：你可以添加检查服务是否正在运行的功能，比如检查 Apache 服务器是否正在运行，可以使用 systemctl status apache2 或 service apache2 status 命令，并将结果添加到报告中。

开发脚本内容：

#!/bin/bash

# 定义报告文件和错误日志文件
REPORT_FILE="/root/linux_inspection_report.txt"
HTML_REPORT="/root/linux_inspection_report.html"
ERROR_LOG="/root/linux_inspection_error.log"
DATE=`date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`

> $REPORT_FILE
> $ERROR_LOG

cat<<EOF > $HTML_REPORT
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Linux System Inspection Report</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Linux System Inspection Report</h1>
<p>Date:$DATE</p>
EOF

#uptime
echo "<h2>System load</h2>" >> $HTML_REPORT

if LOAD=`uptime 2>> $ERROR_LOG`
then
    echo "<p>$LOAD</p>" >> $HTML_REPORT
else
    echo "<p>Error occurred. Check $ERROR_LOG</p>" >> $HTML_REPORT
fi

echo "<h2>Disk Usage</h2>" >> $HTML_REPORT
if DISK_USAGE=`df -h 2>> $ERROR_LOG`
then
    echo "<p>$DISK_USAGE</p>" >> $HTML_REPORT
else
    echo "<p>Error occurred. Check $ERROR_LOG</p>" >> $HTML_REPORT
fi

echo "<h2>Memory Usage</h2>" >> $HTML_REPORT
if MEMORY_USAFE=`free -m 2>> $ERROR_LOG`
then
    echo "<p>$MEMORY_USAFE</p>" >> $HTML_REPORT
else
    echo "<p>Error occurred. Check $ERROR_LOG</p>" >> $HTML_REPORT
fi

echo "<h2>Network Status</h2>" >> $HTML_REPORT
if NETWORK_STATUS=`ifconfig 2>> $ERROR_LOG`
then
    echo "<p>$NETWORK_STATUS</p>" >> $HTML_REPORT
else
    echo "<p>Error occrred. Check $ERROR_LOG</p>" >> $HTML_REPORT
fi


echo "<h2>Nginx Service Status</h2>" >> $HTML_REPORT
if NGINX_STATUS=`systemctl status nginx 2>> $ERROR_LOG`
then
    echo "<p>$NGINX_STATUS</p>" >> $HTML_REPORT
else
    echo "<p>Error occurred. Check $ERROR_LOG</p>" >> $HTML_REPORT
fi


#
echo "</body></html>

脚本文件需要设置可执行权限

# chmod +x jiankong.sh

执行结果如下：

[root@hcss-ecs- ~]# ll
total 32
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  1725 Jan 27 14:12 jiankong.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Jan 27 14:12 linux_inspection_error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2960 Jan 27 14:12 linux_inspection_report.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Jan 27 14:12 linux_inspection_report.txt
-rw------- 1 root root 16817 Jan 27 14:12 sent

执行记录的文件内容如下：

[root@hcss-ecs-6f98 ~]# cat linux_inspection_report.html 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Linux System Inspection Report</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Linux System Inspection Report</h1>
<p>Date:2025-01-27 14:12:24</p>
<h2>System load</h2>
<p> 14:12:24 up  4:49,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00</p>
<h2>Disk Usage</h2>
<p>Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        389M     0  389M   0% /dev
tmpfs           405M     0  405M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           405M  5.6M  399M   2% /run
tmpfs           405M     0  405M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1        40G  2.9G   35G   8% /
tmpfs            81M     0   81M   0% /run/user/0</p>
<h2>Memory Usage</h2>
<p>              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            808         187         391           7         229         490
Swap:             0           0           0</p>
<h2>Network Status</h2>
<p>eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.5.15  netmask 255.255.240.0  broadcast 192.168.15.255
        inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe68:c5cf  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether fa:16:3e:68:c5:cf  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 79035  bytes 68357573 (65.1 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 43600  bytes 7583848 (7.2 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 1454  bytes 113048 (110.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1454  bytes 113048 (110.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0</p>
<h2>Nginx Service Status</h2>
<p>● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-01-27 09:42:01 CST; 4h 30min ago
  Process: 13209 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 13206 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 13205 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 13210 (nginx)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 4976)
   Memory: 5.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─13210 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
           ├─13211 nginx: worker process
           └─13212 nginx: worker process

Jan 27 09:42:01 hcss-ecs-6f98 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Jan 27 09:42:01 hcss-ecs-6f98 nginx[13206]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Jan 27 09:42:01 hcss-ecs-6f98 nginx[13206]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Jan 27 09:42:01 hcss-ecs-6f98 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.</p>
</body></html>

发送到的邮箱邮件内容如下：