VMware虚拟机Debian扩展磁盘

一、版本

VMware：Workstation 17 Pro
虚拟机：Debian11

二、 VMware虚拟机扩展

虚拟机关机状态
快照或者备份：以免扩容失败导致文件丢失
虚拟机——设置——硬盘——磁盘使用工具——扩展——扩展磁盘容量——设置为想要的大小

三、虚拟机Debian系统扩展

开机进入虚拟机系统：删除分区、设置分区（重新创建主分区和swap分区，swap分区给4G，主分区96G。以下大小都是扇区单元表示，每个单元512个字节）、设置启动信息

hslong@debian:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda   #输入执行重新分区

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): p  #输入查看信息
Disk /dev/sda: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcdff7fa8

Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *         2048 123828223 123826176   59G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       123830270 125827071   1996802  975M  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       123830272 125827071   1996800  975M 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Command (m for help): d  #输入删除分区
Partition number (1,2,5, default 5): 2  #删除分区2

Partition 2 has been deleted.

Command (m for help): d #输入显示操作信息
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.

Command (m for help): n  #输入查看分区类型
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p  #输入选择分区类型
Partition number (1-4, default 1):   #回车默认1进行分区
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048):  #回车默认
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-209715199, default 209715199): 201326592  #设置96G(96*1024*1024*1024/512)

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 96 GiB.
Partition #1 contains a ext4 signature.

Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: y  #输入确认

The signature will be removed by a write command.

Command (m for help): n #输入查看分区类型
Partition type
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p #输入选择分区类型
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 #输入进行2分区
First sector (201326593-209715199, default 201328640):   #回车默认
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (201328640-209715199, default 209715199):  #回车默认

Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 4 GiB.  #剩余4G

Command (m for help): t  #输入
Partition number (1,2, default 2):  #回车默认
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 82  #输入

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'.

Command (m for help): a  #输入设置启用分区
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1  #输入启用分区1

The bootable flag on partition 1 is enabled now.

Command (m for help): p #查看分区信息
Disk /dev/sda: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcdff7fa8

Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *         2048 201326592 201324545  96G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       201328640 209715199   8386560   4G 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Filesystem/RAID signature on partition 1 will be wiped.

Command (m for help): w  #保存分区设置，以下提示后，重启系统
The partition table has been altered.
Failed to remove partition 5 from system: 设备或资源忙
Failed to update system information about partition 1: 设备或资源忙

The kernel still uses the old partitions. The new table will be used at the next reboot. 
Syncing disks.

重启虚拟机系统

resize2fs 命令扩大分区

hslong@debian:~$ sudo resize2fs /dev/sda1 #输入执行扩大分区
[sudo] hslong 的密码：
resize2fs 1.46.2 (28-Feb-2021)
Filesystem at /dev/sda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 8, new_desc_blocks = 12
The filesystem on /dev/sda1 is now 25165568 (4k) blocks long.

hslong@debian:~$ df -h  #输入查看已经完成
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
udev            4.9G     0  4.9G    0% /dev
tmpfs           992M  2.9M  989M    1% /run
/dev/sda1        95G   43G   48G   48% /
tmpfs           4.9G     0  4.9G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M    1% /run/lock
tmpfs           992M   96K  992M    1% /run/user/116
tmpfs           992M   68K  992M    1% /run/user/1000

四、重建swap分区信息

新建交互分区

hslong@debian:~$ sudo blkid  #输入查看交互分区，没有UUID
/dev/sr0: BLOCK_SIZE="2048" UUID="2022-12-17-12-02-38-00" LABEL="Debian 11.6.0 amd64 1" TYPE="iso9660" PTUUID="5880e2de" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/sda1: UUID="f83080bb-7084-4727-a2dc-557ae5e5fe9e" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="cdff7fa8-01"
/dev/sda2: PARTUUID="cdff7fa8-02"
hslong@debian:~$ sudo mkswap /dev/sda2 #重新创建swap信息，会产生UUID
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4 GiB (4293914624 bytes)
no label, UUID=53d8ea82-bbef-4ad1-867e-70c5963bcfca

修改 /etc/fstab 文件，将里面的 swap 分区信息的 uuid 换成新生成的uuid
- sudo vi /etc/fstab
运行 sudo swapon /dev/sda2 启用 swap
- sudo swapon /dev/sda2

查看新交互分区信息

	hslong@debian:~$ sudo swapon -s 
	Filename				Type		Size	Used	Priority
	/dev/sda2                              	partition	4193276	0	-2
	hslong@debian:~$ free -m
	               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
	内存：       9913         748        8524           9         640        8914
	交换：       4094           0        4094
	hslong@debian:~$ 
	```