一、定义
指在不改变现有对象结构的情况下,动态地给该对象增加一些职责(即增加其额外功能)的模式。 我们先来看一个快餐店的例子。快餐店有炒面、炒饭这些快餐,可以额外附加鸡蛋、火腿、培根这些配菜,当然加配菜需要额外加钱,每个配菜的价钱通常不太一样,那么计算总价就会显得比较麻烦。如果使用继承的方式存在的问题:扩展性不好如果要再加一种配料(火腿肠),我们就会发现需要给FriedRiceFriedNoodles分别定义一个子类。如果要新增一个快餐品类(炒河粉)的话,就需要定义更多的子类。产生过多的子类 所以我们使用装饰者模式 进行修饰
二、代理模式和装饰模式的区别
相同点
都要实现与目标类相同的业务接口 在两个类中都要声明目标对象 都可以在不修改目标类的前提下增强目标方法 不同点
目的不同 装饰者是为了增强目标对象 静态代理是为了保护和隐藏目标对象 获取目标对象构建的地方不同 装饰者是由外界传递进来,可以通过构造方法传递 静态代理 是在代理类内部创建,以此来隐藏目标对象
public abstract class FastFood {
private float price;
private String desc;
public FastFood ( ) {
}
public FastFood ( float price, String desc) {
this . price = price;
this . desc = desc;
}
public void setPrice ( float price) {
this . price = price;
}
public float getPrice ( ) {
return price;
}
public String getDesc ( ) {
return desc;
}
public void setDesc ( String desc) {
this . desc = desc;
}
public abstract float cost ( ) ;
}
}
public class FriedRice extends FastFood {
public FriedRice ( ) {
super ( 10 , "炒饭" ) ;
}
public float cost ( ) {
return getPrice ( ) ;
}
}
public class FriedNoodles extends FastFood {
public FriedNoodles ( ) {
super ( 12 , "炒面" ) ;
}
public float cost ( ) {
return getPrice ( ) ;
}
}
public abstract class Garnish extends FastFood {
private FastFood fastFood;
public FastFood getFastFood ( ) {
return fastFood;
}
public void setFastFood ( FastFood fastFood) {
this . fastFood = fastFood;
}
public Garnish ( FastFood fastFood, float price, String desc) {
super ( price, desc) ;
this . fastFood = fastFood;
}
}
public class Egg extends Garnish {
public Egg ( FastFood fastFood) {
super ( fastFood, 1 , "鸡蛋" ) ;
}
public float cost ( ) {
return getPrice ( ) + getFastFood ( ) . getPrice ( ) ;
}
@Override
public String getDesc ( ) {
return super . getDesc ( ) + getFastFood ( ) . getDesc ( ) ;
}
}
public class Bacon extends Garnish {
public Bacon ( FastFood fastFood) {
super ( fastFood, 2 , "培根" ) ;
}
@Override
public float cost ( ) {
return getPrice ( ) + getFastFood ( ) . getPrice ( ) ;
}
@Override
public String getDesc ( ) {
return super . getDesc ( ) + getFastFood ( ) . getDesc ( ) ;
}
}
public class Client {
public static void main ( String [ ] args) {
FastFood food = new FriedRice ( ) ;
System . out. println ( food. getDesc ( ) + " " + food. cost ( ) + "元" ) ;
System . out. println ( "========" ) ;
FastFood food1 = new FriedRice ( ) ;
food1 = new Egg ( food1) ;
System . out. println ( food1. getDesc ( ) + " " + food1. cost ( ) + "元" ) ;
System . out. println ( "========" ) ;
FastFood food2 = new FriedNoodles ( ) ;
food2 = new Bacon ( food2) ;
System . out. println ( food2. getDesc ( ) + " " + food2. cost ( ) + "元" ) ;
}
}