VGG全称是Visual Geometry Group，因为是由Oxford的Visual Geometry Group提出的。AlexNet问世之后，很多学者通过改进AlexNet的网络结构来提高自己的准确率，主要有两个方向：小卷积核和多尺度。而VGG的作者们则选择了另外一个方向，即加深网络深度。
      卷积网络的输入是224 * 224的RGB图像，整个网络的组成是非常格式化的，基本上都用的是3 * 3的卷积核以及 2 * 2的max pooling，少部分网络加入了1 * 1的卷积核。因为想要体现出“上下左右中”的概念，3*3的卷积核已经是最小的尺寸了。

import torch
import torch.nn as nn


# 定义VGG模型
class VGG(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):
        super(VGG, self).__init__()
        self.features = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),

            nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),

            nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),

            nn.Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),

            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)
        )
        self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((7, 7))
        self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(7 * 7 * 512, 4096),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Dropout(),
            nn.Linear(4096, 4096),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Dropout(),
            nn.Linear(4096, num_classes)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.features(x)
        x = self.avgpool(x)
        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
        x = self.classifier(x)
        return x


# 创建VGG模型实例
model = VGG()