JAVA:Filer过滤器
介绍
Java中的Filter也被称为过滤器,它是Servlet技术的一部分,用于在web服务器上拦截请求和响应,以检查或转换其内容。
Filter的urlPatterns可以过滤特定地址http的请求,也可以利用Filter对访问请求的数据IP做限制。
文档为本人学习java过滤器过程中做的学习记录。
主要用途:
- 认证过滤:检查用户请求并确定是否合法。
- 登记日志:记录请求和响应的日志。
- 改变请求和响应:可以修改请求头和响应头。
- 数据压缩:在发送大数据前,可以压缩数据。
- 加密:对请求和响应进行加密和解密。
使用说明
Spring项目中,创建类继承Filter,实现init、doFilter、destroy方法;
- init:只在项目启动的时候运行,用来做数据的初始化
- doFilter:数据过滤,每次http请求都会过滤;filterChain.doFilter(request, servletResponse)前面的程序程序是在执行目标程序前执行,后面的程序是在目标程序后执行,若doFilter程序没有执行filterChain.doFilter,请求将会被拦截。
- destroy:项目结束时运行
多个过滤器执行顺序
注意:SpringBoot项目中,多个过滤器时,@Order + @WebFilter + @ServletComponentScan 是无法实现按顺序执行过滤器的,推荐使用FilterRegistrationBean实现过滤器按照顺序执行。
- 原因详细分析见:https://blog.csdn.net/Zong_0915/article/details/126747302
案例(使用FilterRegistrationBean限制过滤器执行循序+限制IP+修改请求返回值)
案例:有两个过滤器:MyFilter01和MyFilter02,要求按先执行过滤器MyFilter01,再执行过滤器MyFilter02顺序。
MyFilter01实现对IP的白名单限制(限制127.0.0.1仅可以访问一次),以及请求返回值的更写。
MyFilter02仅用于体现执行顺序。
- 案例参考地址:
https://blog.csdn.net/zhanwuguo8346/article/details/120498756
创建过滤器:MyFilter01用于限制访问IP,修改请求返回值;
@Slf4j
public class MyFilter01 implements Filter {
private Map<String, Integer> whiteIPMap;
private List<String> alwaysIPList;
public MyFilter01(Map<String, Integer> whiteIPMap, List<String> alwaysIPList) {
this.alwaysIPList = alwaysIPList;
this.whiteIPMap = whiteIPMap;
}
private final ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
private static final Set<String> ALLOWED_PATHS = Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("/swagger-resources", "/v3/swagger-login", "/v2/api-docs")));
private static Map<String, Integer> whiteIpMapDay = new HashMap<>();
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("(MyFilter01)项目开始时候执行:------->>>init");
System.out.println("(MyFilter01)whiteIPMap:" + whiteIPMap);
System.out.println("(MyFilter01)alwaysIPList:" + alwaysIPList);
whiteIpMapDay.putAll(whiteIPMap);
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("(MyFilter01)项目每次http请求时候执行:------->>>doFilter.start");
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
String ipAddr = getIpAddr(request);
log.info("PermissionFilter 过滤器,请求ip为:{}", ipAddr);
String path = request.getRequestURI().substring(request.getContextPath().length()).replaceAll("[/]+$", "");
boolean contains = ALLOWED_PATHS.contains(path);
servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
if (alwaysIPList.contains(ipAddr) && contains) {
filterChain.doFilter(request, servletResponse);
} else {
if (whiteIpMapDay.containsKey(ipAddr)) {
Integer integer = whiteIpMapDay.get(ipAddr);
if (integer > 0) {
if (contains) {
filterChain.doFilter(request, servletResponse);
} else {
whiteIpMapDay.put(ipAddr, (whiteIpMapDay.get(ipAddr) - 1));
filterChain.doFilter(request, servletResponse);
}
} else {
BaseResponse<Void> baseResponse = new BaseResponse<>();
baseResponse.setCode(-1);
baseResponse.setMessage("请求被拒绝,本IP:" + ipAddr + "每天只允许调用:" + whiteIPMap.get(ipAddr) + "次!");
String response = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(baseResponse);
setServletResponseMessage(servletResponse, response);
}
} else {
BaseResponse<Void> baseResponse = new BaseResponse<>();
baseResponse.setMessage("不支持本IP请求:" + ipAddr);
baseResponse.setCode(-1);
String response = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(baseResponse);
setServletResponseMessage(servletResponse, response);
}
}
System.out.println("(MyFilter01)项目每次http请求时候执行:------->>>doFilter.end");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("(MyFilter01)项目结束时候执行:------->>>destroy");
}
/**
* 处理返回是getWriter()还是getOutputStream();
* getWriter():out对象用于处理字符流数据。
* getOutputStream():os用于输出字符流数据或者二进制的字节流数据都可以。
*/
private void setServletResponseMessage(ServletResponse servletResponse, String response) {
try {
servletResponse.getWriter().write(response);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
servletResponse.setContentType("text/plain;charset=UTF-8"); // 设置内容类型和编码
try {
ServletOutputStream outputStream = servletResponse.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write(response.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); // 写入字节数组
} catch (IOException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
}
public static String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
String ipAddress = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.isEmpty() || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
ipAddress = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.isEmpty() || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
ipAddress = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.isEmpty() || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
ipAddress = request.getRemoteAddr();
if (ipAddress.equals("127.0.0.1") || ipAddress.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")) {
//根据网卡取本机配置的IP
InetAddress inet = null;
try {
inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// ipAddress= inet.getHostAddress();
ipAddress = "127.0.0.1";
}
}
//对于通过多个代理的情况,第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照','分割
if (ipAddress.length() > 15) { //"***.***.***.***".length() = 15
if (ipAddress.indexOf(",") > 0) {
ipAddress = ipAddress.substring(0, ipAddress.indexOf(","));
}
}
return ipAddress;
}
}
过滤器:MyFilter02仅作日志记录。体现执行顺序
public class MyFilter02 implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("(MyFilter02)项目开始时候执行:------->>>init");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("(MyFilter02)项目每次http请求时候执行:------->>>doFilter.start");
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
System.out.println("(MyFilter02)项目每次http请求时候执行:------->>>doFilter.end");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("(MyFilter02)项目结束时候执行:------->>>destroy");
}
}
application.yml中设置白名单访问次数,一直有权限访问的白名单。
127.0.0.1限制仅可以访问一次。
permission:
white-ip: '{"127.0.0.1": 1, "192.168.16.30": 2}'
always-ip: 127.0.0.1,127.0.0.1
创建配置类:FilterConfig使用@Value读取配置文件值,注册FilterRegistrationBean到Spring容器中,并设置两个过滤器的执行顺序和过滤路径
@Configuration
public class FilterConfig {
@Value("#{${permission.white-ip}}")
private Map<String, Integer> whiteIPMap;
@Value("#{'${permission.always-ip}'.split(',')}")
private List<String> alwaysIPList;
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean<MyFilter01> myFilterRegistrationBean01() {
FilterRegistrationBean<MyFilter01> bean = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
bean.setFilter(new MyFilter01(whiteIPMap, alwaysIPList));
bean.addUrlPatterns("/api/*");
bean.setOrder(1);
return bean;
}
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean<MyFilter02> myFilterRegistrationBean02() {
FilterRegistrationBean<MyFilter02> bean = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
bean.setFilter(new MyFilter02());
bean.addUrlPatterns("/*");
bean.setOrder(2);
return bean;
}
}
程序中用到的BaseResponse类:
@Data
public class BaseResponse<T> implements Serializable {
private int code;
private T data;
private String message;
private String description;
public BaseResponse() {
}
public BaseResponse(int code, T data, String message, String description) {
this.code = code;
this.data = data;
this.message = message;
this.description = description;
}
public BaseResponse(int code, T data, String message) {
this(code, data, message, "");
}
public BaseResponse(int code, T data) {
this(code, data, "", "");
}
public BaseResponse(ErrorCodeEnum errorCode) {
this(errorCode.getCode(), null, errorCode.getMessage(), errorCode.getDescription());
}
}
测试结果:
第一次执行接口ApiPost(127.0.0.1)接口返回:数据正常创建
第二次执行接口ApiPost(127.0.0.1)接口返回:提示IP只能每天访问一次(这里没有提供更新:MyFilter01.whiteIpMapDay来实现每天可反问一次,可以使用@Schedule每天定时对静态变态做充值)。
执行日志:可以看出过滤器按照顺序执行
参考网址
https://blog.csdn.net/zhanwuguo8346/article/details/120498756
https://blog.csdn.net/Zong_0915/article/details/126747302