软件版本更新是每个应用必不可少的功能,基本实现方案是请求服务器最新的版本号与本地的版本号对比,有新版本则下载apk并执行安装。请求服务器版本号与本地对比很容易,本文就不过多讲解,主要讲解下载apk到安装apk的内容。
一、所需权限
<!--请求安装APK的权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES" />
<!--写如外部存储的权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<!--读取外部存储的权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<!--网络权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
(1)读写外部存储的权限需要动态申请,详见:Android动态获取权限
(2)安装apk的权限从Android8.0开始需要每个应用独立开启
//跳转到开启apk安装权限开启的界面,让用户手动打开
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_UNKNOWN_APP_SOURCES,Uri.parse("package:" +getPackageName()));
intentActivityResultLauncher.launch(intent);
二、代码实现
(1)注册provider
在AndroidManifest.xml中声明provider
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
package="你的包名">
<!--省略属性。。。-->
<application
省略属性。。。>
<activity
省略属性。。。>
<!--声明provider-->
<provider
android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="你的包名.fileprovider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/filepaths" />
</provider>
</application>
</manifest>
在res的xml目录增加filepaths.xml
filepaths.xml中配置path路径
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<path>
<root-path name="files_apk"
path="/"/>
</path>
</paths>
(2)动态申请权限基础BaseActivity
这个类在另外一篇文章中讲解,主要为了方便动态获取权限。
package com.soface.versioncontroll;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final int REQUEST_CONDE =0xFFFF;
/**
* 动态请求权限(入口)
* @param permissionNameList 需要授权的权限名称
*/
public void requestPermission(List<String> permissionNameList){
// TODO: 2023/2/22 第一步:排除(已经获得过授权的权限)=============================================================
List<String> UnauthorizedPermissionNameList = new ArrayList<>();//用于存放未获得授权的权限
for (String permission : permissionNameList){
//检查每个权限是否已经获得授权
int checkResult=ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,permission);
if (checkResult==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
//已获得过授权,直接抛出结果true
throwPermissionResults(permission,true);
}else if (checkResult==PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
//未获得授权,把未获得授权的权限加入到thisPermissionNames中,待下一步请求
UnauthorizedPermissionNameList.add(permission);
}else {
//按道理,这里永远不会发生,
//因为checkSelfPermission方法说得很清楚,只会返回PERMISSION_GRANTED或者PERMISSION_DENIED
//但是为了严谨,以防万一,还是给它抛出结果false
throwPermissionResults("Unknown_result",false);
}
}
if (UnauthorizedPermissionNameList.size()==0)return;//表示:全部已经拥有全选,不用往下执行
// TODO: 2023/2/22 第二步:开始申请权限==========================================================================
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
//由于请求权限的参数必须是String[],所以List转到String[]中
String[] UnauthorizedPermissionNames=new String[UnauthorizedPermissionNameList.size()];
for (int k=0;k<UnauthorizedPermissionNameList.size();k++){
UnauthorizedPermissionNames[k]=UnauthorizedPermissionNameList.get(k);
}
//请求权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, UnauthorizedPermissionNames, REQUEST_CONDE);
}else {
//低版本的Android不需要动态获取权限,这里直接抛出结果true
throwPermissionResults("Below_VERSION_M",true);
}
}
/**
* 抛出授权结果(出口)
* @param permissionName 权限名称
* @param isSuccess 该权限是否获得授权(true:获得授权 false:未获得授权)
*/
public void throwPermissionResults(String permissionName, boolean isSuccess){
// TODO: 2023/2/22 这里如果isSuccess=false,可以自定义一个弹窗,让用户选择
// 到底是要直接退出应用,还是去设置中开启权限,本文主要是总结动态获取权限,所以弹窗笔者就不写了
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
//判断我们的请求码,避免别的事件调用onRequestPermissionsResult,导致我们拿到本不该属于我们的数据
if (requestCode==REQUEST_CONDE){
// 如果请求被取消,则结果数组为空。
if (grantResults.length > 0) {
//循环一个一个地去判断结果
for (int k=0;k<permissions.length;k++){
if (grantResults[k] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
// 权限请求成功,抛出结果true
throwPermissionResults(permissions[k],true);
}
if (grantResults[k] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED){
// 权限请求失败,抛出结果false
throwPermissionResults(permissions[k],false);
}
}
} else {
//没有任何授权结果,直接抛出结果false
throwPermissionResults("Unknown_result",false);
}
}
}
}
(3)判断需不需要升级最新软件的MainActivity
package com.soface.versioncontroll;
import androidx.activity.result.ActivityResultLauncher;
import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity{
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//动态请求权限
List<String> perList=new ArrayList<>();
perList.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
perList.add(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
perList.add(Manifest.permission.INTERNET);
requestPermission(perList);
//初始化结果返回接听
initActivityResult();
Button permission=(Button) findViewById(R.id.permission);
permission.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//当判断需要升级最新软件,则调用这个方法,这里为了方便测试,放在点击事件中
openSetting();
}
});
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
stop();
}
@Override
public void throwPermissionResults(String permissionName, boolean isSuccess) {
super.throwPermissionResults(permissionName, isSuccess);
//拿到相应的权限,以及授权结果
switch (permissionName){
case Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
Log.d("fxHou","WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE授权结果:"+isSuccess);
break;
case Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
Log.d("fxHou","READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE授权结果:"+isSuccess);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
public void openSetting() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
//Android 8.0以上
if(!getPackageManager().canRequestPackageInstalls()){
//权限没有打开,跳转界面,提示用户去手动打开
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_UNKNOWN_APP_SOURCES,Uri.parse("package:" +getPackageName()));
intentActivityResultLauncher.launch(intent);
}else {
//已经拥有权限,直接执行下载apk操作
start();
}
}else {
//开始下载安装
start();
}
}
private ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> intentActivityResultLauncher;
private void initActivityResult() {
intentActivityResultLauncher = registerForActivityResult(new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(), result -> {
if (result.getResultCode() == AppCompatActivity.RESULT_OK) {
//开始下载安装
start();
}
});
}
VersionControl versionControl;
String downloadUrl="http://www.soface.top:8080/source/Public/ApkVersionControl/chart.apk";
String titleStr="麦麦商家版V1.1.2";
String contentStr="正在下载中,请耐心等待";
//开始执行版本更新操作
public void start(){
//初始化版本控制
versionControl=new VersionControl();
versionControl.download(this,downloadUrl,titleStr,contentStr);
versionControl.registerReceiver(this);
}
//停止执行版本更新操作
public void stop(){
//初始化版本控制
versionControl.unRegisterReceiver(MainActivity.this);
versionControl=null;
}
}
(4)下载apk和安装apk的实现类
package com.soface.versioncontroll;
import static android.content.Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.DownloadManager;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.util.Log;
import androidx.activity.result.ActivityResultLauncher;
import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.content.FileProvider;
import java.io.File;
public class VersionControl {
//第一步: 下载APK
private long downloadId=-1;
private DownloadManager downloadManager;
public void download(Context context,String url,String titleStr,String contentStr) {
//创建下载任务
DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(url));
//在通知栏中显示,默认就是显示的
request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE);
request.setTitle(titleStr);
request.setDescription(contentStr);
//设置下载的路径
File file = new File(context.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS), "chart.apk");
request.setDestinationUri(Uri.fromFile(file));
file.getAbsolutePath();
//获取DownloadManager
downloadManager = (DownloadManager)context.getSystemService(DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
//将下载请求放入队列
downloadId = downloadManager.enqueue(request);
}
//第二步: 监听下载结果
private BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver;
public void registerReceiver(Context context) {
// 注册广播监听系统的下载完成事件。
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE);
broadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
long thisDownloadId = intent.getLongExtra(DownloadManager.EXTRA_DOWNLOAD_ID, -1);
if (thisDownloadId!=-1 && downloadId!=-1){
if (thisDownloadId == downloadId) {
//下载完成,检查下载状态
checkStatus(context);
}
}
}
};
context.registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, intentFilter);
}
public void unRegisterReceiver(Context context){
if (broadcastReceiver!=null) {
context.unregisterReceiver(broadcastReceiver);
}
}
//第三部: 检查下载状态,是否下载成功
@SuppressLint("Range")
private void checkStatus(Context context) {
DownloadManager.Query query = new DownloadManager.Query();
// 执行查询, 返回一个 Cursor (相当于查询数据库)
Cursor cursor = downloadManager.query(query);
if (!cursor.moveToFirst()) {
cursor.close();
}
int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_ID));
//通过下载的id查找
query.setFilterById(id);
// 获取下载好的 apk 路径
String localFilename = null;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
localFilename = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_LOCAL_URI));
} else {
localFilename = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_LOCAL_FILENAME));
}
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
int status = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_STATUS));
switch (status) {
case DownloadManager.STATUS_PAUSED:
//下载暂停
Log.d("fxHou","下载暂停");
break;
case DownloadManager.STATUS_PENDING:
//下载延迟
Log.d("fxHou","下载延迟");
break;
case DownloadManager.STATUS_RUNNING:
//正在下载
Log.d("fxHou","正在下载");
break;
case DownloadManager.STATUS_SUCCESSFUL:
//下载完成安装APK
installApk(context,localFilename);
cursor.close();
break;
case DownloadManager.STATUS_FAILED:
//下载失败
Log.d("fxHou","下载失败");
cursor.close();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
//第四部: 安装apk
private void installApk(Context context,String path) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
File file = new File(Uri.parse(path).getPath());
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
Uri uri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context, "你的包名.fileprovider", file);
intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
} else {
intent.setDataAndType(Uri.fromFile(file), "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
}
context.startActivity(intent);
}
}