文章目录
- 自定义坐标列表控件
- 显示和隐藏
- 加载按钮
- 坐标设置控件的显示和隐藏
- 源代码
Python绘图系统:
- 基础:将matplotlib嵌入到tkinter 📈简单的绘图系统 📈数据导入📈三维绘图系统
- 自定义控件:坐标设置控件📉坐标列表控件
自定义坐标列表控件
绘制多组数据是很自然的一个需求,但目前来说只有一套坐标轴,除非是叠加绘制,否则是没法绘制多组数据的。
为了解决这个问题,最简单的方案当然是疯狂地添加坐标轴,x,y,z用完之后再来x1,y1,z1,然后x2,y2,z2,子子孙孙无穷匮也。简单地说,就是设置一个按钮,点击按钮之后,就会出现一组新的xyz输入框。
为了实现这个功能,最好把多个坐标输入控件AxisFrame列在一起,封装成一个新的控件。由于此前已经做了AxisFrame的自定义,所以这一步不存在难度,初步的代码如下
class AxisList(ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master, mode, widths, **options):
super().__init__(master, **options)
self.pack()
self.afs = {}
self.initWidgets(mode, widths)
def initWidgets(self, mode, widths):
for flag in 'xyz':
self.afs[flag] = AxisFrame(self, flag, mode, widths)
self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
def setData(self, flag, data=None, **options):
return self.afs[flag].setData(data, **options)
def setOneMode(self, flag, mode):
self.afs[flag].setMode(mode)
然后将DrawSystem中需要更改的地方修改一下就可以了,首先是setFrmCtrl中做下修改,把self.AL作为AxisList对象的名字。其余类似self.afs[flag].XXX(YYY)之类的写法,均换成self.AL.XXX(flag, YYY)就可以了。
# setFrmCtrl函数
self.AL = AxisList(frmCtrl, 1, [5,10,20])
self.AL.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
这一步在界面上尚看不出任何端倪。
显示和隐藏
如果想绘制多组数据,那么就需要很多AxisList,但这玩意一多了之后特别占地方,很难看。解决这个问题,一个比较好的方案是设置一个隐藏按钮,将这个AxisList做成类似Expander的形式。更改initWidgets函数如下
# 这些代码都在类中,注意缩进
def initWidgets(self, title, mode, widths):
self.btn = ttk.Button(self, text=title, width=sum(widths)+5,
command=self.Click)
self.btn.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X, expand=tk.YES)
self._c = ttk.Frame(self)
self.collapsed = True
self.Click()
for flag in 'txyz':
self.afs[flag] = AxisFrame(self._c, flag, mode, widths)
self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
```python
其中Click函数是控制显隐的关键函数,内容如下。
```python
def Click(self):
if self.collapsed:
self._c.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)
else:
self._c.pack_forget()
self.collapsed = not self.collapsed
效果为
加载按钮
现在这个测试坐标列表上面还有两个按键,分别是绘图和加载。绘图倒是没什么可说的,但加载按钮却很可疑。当我们有多套坐标的时候,一个全局的加载按钮是让人疑惑的。
为此,可以将加载按钮挪到AxisList控件中。由于功能的相似性,这里的确相当于是直接挪过去的,代码如下
def initFeature(self):
frm = ttk.Frame(self._c)
frm.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
ttk.Button(frm, text="加载",width=5,
command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
def btnLoadData(self):
name = askopenfilename()
data = np.genfromtxt(name)
for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):
if i >= data.shape[1]:
return
self.setOneMode(flag, "外部导入")
self.data[flag] = self.setData(flag, data[:,i])
坐标设置控件的显示和隐藏
最后,考虑到实际绘图时,有时要用到两个坐标轴,有时需要三个,所以最好能对单个的坐标轴进行显示和隐藏,实现方法与Expander的逻辑如出一辙,在initFeature方法中添加如下内容
self.vis = {L : True for L in 'txyz'}
for flag in 'txyz':
btn = ttk.Button(frm, text=flag, width=3)
btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.btnAxisCollapse)
其中self.vis是描述某个坐标控件是否显示的布尔标记,btn就是对应的按钮,而self.btnAxisCollapse则是具体的显示隐藏函数,内容如下
def btnAxisCollapse(self, evt):
flag = evt.widget['text']
self.vis[flag] = not self.vis[flag]
for flag in 'txyz':
self.afs[flag].pack_forget()
for flag in 'txyz':
if self.vis[flag]:
self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
这里的实现过程稍显繁琐,主要是考虑到要保证txyz的显示顺序,结果如下
源代码
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename
import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (
FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import numpy as np
class AxisFrame(ttk.Frame):
# widths 是每个控件的宽度
def __init__(self, master, label, mode, widths, **options):
super().__init__(master, **options)
self.pack()
self.label = label
self.initVar(mode)
self.initWidgets(widths)
def initVar(self, mode):
self.MODES = ("外部导入", "序列化", "源代码", "无数据")
self.mode = tk.StringVar()
self.setMode(mode)
def initWidgets(self, widths):
tk.Label(self, text=self.label, width=widths[0]).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
self.slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=widths[1], textvariable=self.mode)
self.slct['value'] = self.MODES
self.slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
self.entry = tk.Entry(self, width=widths[2])
self.entry.pack(padx=5, side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X)
def setText(self, text):
self.entry.delete(0, "end")
self.entry.insert(0, text)
def get(self):
return self.entry.get()
def setMode(self, mode):
if type(mode) != str:
mode = self.MODES[mode]
self.mode.set(mode)
def setData(self, data=None, **txyz):
if self.mode.get() == "序列化":
return self.getArray()
elif self.mode.get() == "外部导入":
return self.loadData(data)
else:
return self.readPython(**txyz)
def readPython(self, t=None, x=None, y=None, z=None):
self.data = eval(self.get())
return self.data
def loadData(self, data):
if type(data) != type(None):
self.data = data
return self.data
def getArray(self):
val = self.get()
self.data = eval(f"np.linspace({val})")
return self.data
class AxisList(ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master, title, mode, widths, **options):
super().__init__(master, **options)
self.pack()
self.afs = {}
self.data = {}
self.initWidgets(title, widths)
self.initAxis(mode, widths)
def initWidgets(self, title, widths):
self.btn = ttk.Button(self, text=title, width=sum(widths)+5,
command=self.Click)
self.btn.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X, expand=tk.YES)
self._c = ttk.Frame(self)
self.collapsed = True
self.Click()
self.initFeature()
def initAxis(self, mode, widths):
for flag in 'txyz':
self.afs[flag] = AxisFrame(self._c, flag, mode, widths)
self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
def initFeature(self):
frm = ttk.Frame(self._c)
frm.pack(pady=2, side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
ttk.Button(frm, text="加载",width=5,
command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
self.vis = {L : True for L in 'txyz'}
for flag in 'txyz':
btn = ttk.Button(frm, text=flag, width=3)
btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.btnAxisCollapse)
def btnAxisCollapse(self, evt):
flag = evt.widget['text']
self.vis[flag] = not self.vis[flag]
for flag in 'txyz':
self.afs[flag].pack_forget()
for flag in 'txyz':
if self.vis[flag]:
self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
def btnLoadData(self):
name = askopenfilename()
data = np.genfromtxt(name)
for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):
if i >= data.shape[1]:
return
self.setOneMode(flag, "外部导入")
self.data[flag] = self.setData(flag, data[:,i])
def Click(self):
if self.collapsed:
self._c.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)
else:
self._c.pack_forget()
self.collapsed = not self.collapsed
def setData(self, flag, data=None, **options):
return self.afs[flag].setData(data, **options)
def setOneMode(self, flag, mode):
self.afs[flag].setMode(mode)
class DarwSystem():
def __init__(self):
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.root.title("数据展示工具")
self.data = {}
frmCtrl = ttk.Frame(self.root,width=320)
frmCtrl.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
self.setFrmCtrl(frmCtrl)
frmFig = ttk.Frame(self.root)
frmFig.pack(side=tk.LEFT,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)
self.setFrmFig(frmFig)
self.root.mainloop()
def setFrmCtrl(self, frmCtrl):
frm = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl, width=320)
frm.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
self.setCtrlButtons(frm)
self.AL = AxisList(frmCtrl, "测试坐标列表", 1, [5,10,20])
self.AL.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
def setCtrlButtons(self, frm):
ttk.Button(frm, text="绘图",width=5,
command=self.btnDrawImg).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
ttk.Button(frm, text="加载",width=5,
command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
def btnLoadData(self):
name = askopenfilename()
data = np.genfromtxt(name)
for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):
if i >= data.shape[1]:
return
self.AL.setOneMode(flag, "外部导入")
self.data[flag] = self.AL.setData(flag, data[:,i])
def readDatas(self):
dct = {}
for flag in 'xyz':
self.data[flag] = self.AL.setData(flag, **dct)
dct[flag] = self.data[flag]
def btnDrawImg(self):
self.readDatas()
self.fig.clf()
if 'z' in self.data:
self.drawPlot3D()
else:
self.drawPlot()
self.fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.95, top=0.95, bottom=0.08)
self.canvas.draw()
def drawPlot3D(self):
ax = self.fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
ax.plot(self.data['x'], self.data['y'], self.data['z'])
def drawPlot(self):
ax = self.fig.add_subplot()
ax.plot(self.data['x'], self.data['y'])
def setFrmFig(self, frmFig):
self.fig = Figure()
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,frmFig)
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(
side=tk.TOP,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)
self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas,frmFig,
pack_toolbar=False)
self.toolbar.update()
self.toolbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
if __name__ == "__main__":
test = DarwSystem()