【Django+Vue3项目实战】构建高效线上教育平台之首页模块

在这里插入图片描述

文章目录

前言
一、导航功能实现
- a.效果图：
- b.后端代码
- c.前端代码
二、轮播图功能实现
- a.效果图
- b.后端代码
- c.前端代码
三、标签栏功能实现
- a.效果图
- b.后端代码
- c.前端代码
四、侧边栏功能实现
- 1.整体效果图
- 2.侧边栏功能实现
- - a.效果图
  - b.后端代码
  - c.前端代码
- 3.侧边栏展示分类及课程信息功能实现
- - a.效果图
  - b.后端代码
  - c.前端代码
五、分类课程推荐（楼层设计）功能实现
- a.效果图
- b.后端代码
- c.前端代码

前言

在当今数字化教育浪潮中，构建一个高效且用户友好的线上教育平台至关重要。本博客将指导您使用Django作为后端框架，结合Vue 3的强大前端能力，快速搭建平台首页的核心功能，包括导航栏、轮播图、侧边栏、标签栏及分类课程推荐。我们将探讨前后端数据交互、Vue组件化开发等关键技术，轻松构建出既美观又实用的线上教育平台。

最终实现效果图如下：
在这里插入图片描述

一、导航功能实现

a.效果图：

在这里插入图片描述

b.后端代码

导航表模型类：

class NavigationModel(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    url = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    is_url = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '导航表'
        verbose_name_plural = '导航表'
        db_table = 'navigation'

导航表序列化器：

class NavigationSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = NavigationModel
        fields = ('id','name','url','is_url')
        # fields = '__all__'

获取所有头部导航栏信息:

class NavigationView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        nav_list = NavigationModel.objects.all()
        ser = NavigationSerializer(nav_list, many=True)
        return Response({"code":"200", "data":ser.data})

配置url信息:

urlpatterns = [
    path('nav/header/', NavigationView.as_view()),
    ...
]

c.前端代码

components/Header.vue:

<!-- 0.导航栏 -->
<ul class="nav">
   <li v-for="(item,index) in nav.header_nav_list " :key="index">
     <a :href="item.url" v-if="item.is_url">{{item.name}}</a>
     <router-link :to="item.url" v-else>{{item.name}}</router-link>
   </li>
</ul>
<script setup>
import nav from "../api/nav"
	// 获取顶部导航菜单
	nav.get_header_nav()
</script>

src/api/nav.js:

import http from "../http";
import {reactive} from "vue";
const nav = reactive({
 header_nav_list: [], // 头部导航列表
 get_header_nav(){
   // 获取头部导航菜单
   http.get("/home/nav/header/").then(response=>{
     this.header_nav_list = response.data;
   })
 },
})
export default nav;

二、轮播图功能实现

a.效果图

在这里插入图片描述

b.后端代码

轮播图模型类：

class BannerModel(BaseModel):
    image = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    link = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    is_http = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.image
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "轮播图表"
        verbose_name_plural = "轮播图表"
        db_table = 'banner'

轮播图序列化器：

class BannerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = BannerModel
        fields = '__all__'

获取轮播图数据：

class BannerView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        banners = BannerModel.objects.all()
        ser = BannerSerializer(banners, many=True)
        return Response({"code":"200", "data":ser.data})

配置url信息：

    path('banner/', BannerView.as_view()),

c.前端代码

src/components/Banner.vue：

<!-- 焦点图、轮播图-->
<div class="g-banner-content" @mouseover="state.current_menu = -1">
  <el-carousel height="382px" indicator-position="bottom" @change="handleCarouselChange">
    <el-carousel-item v-for="(item, key) in banner.bannerImg" :key="key">
      <img :src="item.image" alt="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%" />
    </el-carousel-item>
  </el-carousel>
</div>

<script setup>
import banner from "../api/banner";
banner.get_banner_list();

// 轮播图列表  接口数据替换
// http://192.168.56.1:3000/src/assets/img/course1.jpg
const bannerImg = reactive([{
  image: '/src/assets/img/course1.jpg',
  link: '',
  is_http: false,
}])

// 当前轮播 banner背景
const nowBannerImg = reactive({ src: bannerImg[0].image });
//轮播切换赋值
const handleCarouselChange = (index) => {
  // 更新当前banner图片地址
  nowBannerImg.src = banner.bannerImg[index].image;
};

<script>

src/api/banner.js:

import { reactive } from "vue";
import http from "../http";
const banner = reactive({
  bannerImg: [],  // 轮播广告列表

  get_banner_list() {
    // 获取轮播广告列表
    return http.get("/home/banner/").then(response => {
      // console.log("Bannner---response.data");
      // console.log(response.data);
      this.bannerImg = response.data.data;
      // console.log("bannerImg");
      // console.log(response.data.data);
    })
  },
})

export default banner;

三、标签栏功能实现

a.效果图

在这里插入图片描述

b.后端代码

标签表模型类：

class DirectionModel(BaseModel):
    direction = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    icon = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.direction
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "方向表"
        verbose_name_plural = "标签表"
        db_table = 'direction'

标签 / 方向表序列化器：

class DirectionSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = DirectionModel
        fields = ['id','direction','desc','icon']
        # fields = '__all__'

获取所有标签数据：

class DirectionView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        directions = DirectionModel.objects.all()
        ser = DirectionSerializer(directions, many=True)
        return Response({"code":"200", "data":ser.data})

配置urls：

    path('directions/', DirectionView.as_view()),

c.前端代码

src/components/Banner.vue：

    <!-- 标签表（方向表） -->
    <div class="system-class-show">
      <a class="show-box" v-for="(item, index) in directions.directions_list" :key="index">
        <div class="system-class-icon" :style="{ 'background-image': `url('${item.icon}')` }"></div>
        <div class="describe">
          <h4>{{ item.direction }}</h4>
          <p>{{ item.desc }}</p>
        </div>
      </a>
      <div class="line"></div>
      <a class="all-btn">
        
        <div class="mini-title">体系课</div>
        <div class="more-btn">more</div>
      </a>
    </div>

import directions from '../api/directions';

directions.get_directions_list();

src/api/directions.js：

import { reactive } from "vue";
import http from "../http";

const directions = reactive({
    directions_list: [],  // 标签列表
    get_directions_list() {
        // 获取标签列表
        return http.get("/home/directions/").then(response => {
            // console.log("11111111111111");
            // console.log("directions_list---response.data");
            // console.log(response.data);
            this.directions_list = response.data.data;
            // console.log(response.data.data);
        })
    },

})

export default directions;

四、侧边栏功能实现

1.整体效果图

在这里插入图片描述

2.侧边栏功能实现

a.效果图

在这里插入图片描述

b.后端代码

分类表模型类：

class CategoryModel(BaseModel):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)  # 通常Django会自动为主键添加AutoField，这里显式写出也可以
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)  # 假设分类名最大长度为255个字符
    parent = models.ForeignKey('self', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True, related_name='son')  # 自关联字段，表示父分类
    recommend = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '分类表'
        verbose_name_plural = '分类表'
        db_table = 'category'

父级分类序列化器、子级分类序列化器：

# 子类序列化器---二级分类
class SonCategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = CategoryModel
        fields = ('id', 'name')
        # fields = '__all__'

# 父类序列化器--一级分类
class CategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    son = SonCategorySerializer(many=True, read_only=True)
    class Meta:
        model = CategoryModel
        fields = '__all__'
        # fields = ('id','name','son')

获取父级与子级分类：

# 2.获取一、二级分类
class CategoryView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        # 查询所有一级分类：parent is null
        # query_set
        categories = CategoryModel.objects.filter(is_delete=0,parent__id__isnull=True)  #query_set

        clist = [] #侧边栏 二级分类显示几个
        for category in categories:
            # 获取一级下面所有的二级分类，操作显示二级分类数据条数
            sondata = category.son.all()[0:2] #query_set
            # d对二级数据进行序列化操作
            son = SonCategorySerializer(sondata, many=True)
            clist.append({"id": category.id, "name": category.name, "son": son.data})

        return Response({"code":"200", "data":clist})

配置url：

    path('nav/cates/', CategoryView.as_view()), #侧边栏-获取一二级分类

c.前端代码

src/components/Banner.vue：

<!-- 左侧边栏Banner---二级分类 -->
 <div class="menuContent">
   <div
     v-for="(item, index) in cates.cates_list"
     :key="index"
     class="item"
     :class="{ 'js-menu-item-on': state.current_menu == 0 }"
     @mouseover="fnMethod(item.id)"
   ><!-- item.id 一级分类id -->
     <span class="title">{{ item.name }}:</span>
     <span class="sub-title" v-for="(s, index) in item.son" :key="index"
       >&nbsp;&nbsp;{{ s.name }}&nbsp;&nbsp;</span
     >
     <i class="imv2-arrow1_r"></i>
   </div>

 </div>

import cates from "../api/cates";

cates.get_cates_list();
// 定义方法-展示侧边栏所有二级分类以及所有分类下的课程
const fnMethod = (cateid) => {
  state.current_menu = 0;
  cates.get_coures_list(cateid);
};

src/api/cates.js：

import http from "../http";
import { reactive } from "vue";

const cates = reactive({
  cates_list: [], // Banner---两级分类列表
  
  get_cates_list() {
    // 获取两级分类
    return http.get("/home/nav/cates/").then(response => {
      // console.log("左侧边栏获取两级分类response.data：");
      // console.log(response.data);
      this.cates_list = response.data.data;
    })
  },
})
export default cates;

3.侧边栏展示分类及课程信息功能实现

点击分类(侧边栏触发)，获取此分类下所有的二级分类（@mouseover）以及此分类下推荐的课程

a.效果图

在这里插入图片描述

b.后端代码

+课程表模型类：

class CourseModel(BaseModel):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)

    # parent 指向 Category 分类id
    parent = models.ForeignKey(CategoryModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='course',verbose_name="parent-父级分类")
    topid = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="topid-顶级分类")

    recommend = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    picurl = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    price = models.FloatField()
    level = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="1零基础 2中级 3高级")
    sales = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name="销量")
    describe = models.TextField()
    
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '课程表'
        verbose_name_plural = '课程表'
        db_table = 'course'

课程序列化器：

class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # teacher = TeachersSerializer(many=True, read_only=True)
    # teacher = TeachersSerializer()
    class Meta:
        model = CourseModel
        fields = '__all__'

获取所有分类及其推荐课程：

class CategoryCourseView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        #获取一级分类id
        cateid = request.GET.get("cateid")
        #根据id查询分类：一级分类和二级分类
        cate = CategoryModel.objects.filter(id=cateid).first()
        #通过id查询推荐课程
        ser = CategorySerializer(cate)
        #返回结果
        #print(cate.id)
        courses = CourseModel.objects.filter(topid=cateid,recommend=True)
        #print(courses)
        cSer = CourseSerializer(courses, many=True)
        #print(cSer.data)
        return Response({"code":"200", "clist":ser.data,"courses":cSer.data})

配置urls：

	path('nav/catescourses/', CategoryCourseView.as_view()),#侧边栏-传一级分类id->展示子分类及其所有课程

c.前端代码

src/components/Banner.vue：

<!-- 侧边栏触发显示：分类信息、课程信息 -->
<div class="submenu" v-if="state.current_menu === 0">
  <!-- 1.2.1侧边栏触发显示：商品课程二级分类信息  -->
  <div class="inner-box">
    <h2 class="type">{{ cates.cc_list.name }}</h2>
    <div class="tag clearfix"></div>
    <div class="lore">
      <span class="title">知识点：</span>
      <p class="lores clearfix">
        <a target="_blank" v-for="(item, index) in cates.cc_list.son" :key="index" href="">{{ item.name }}</a>
      </p>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- 1.2.2侧边栏触发显示：分类下的课程信息--->
  <div class="recomment clearfix">
    <a href="" target="_blank" title="" class="recomment-item" v-for="(c,index) in cates.course_list" :key="index">
      <div class="img" :style="{ 'background-image': `url('${c.picurl}')`, 'background-size': '100%' }"></div>
      <div class="details">
        <div class="title-box">
          <p class="title">
            <span class="text">{{c.name}}</span>
            <span class="tag tixi">体系</span>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div class="bottom">
          <span class="discount-name">优惠价:</span>
          <span class="price">￥{{c.price}}</span> &middot;
          <span class="difficulty"> {{c.describe}} </span> &middot;
          <span class="difficulty" v-if="c.level==1"> 0基础 </span> &middot;
          <span class="difficulty" v-if="c.level==2"> 中级 </span> &middot;
          <span class="difficulty" v-if="c.level==3"> 高级 </span> &middot;
          <span class="num"><i class="imv2-set-sns"></i> {{c.sales}}人</span>
        </div>
      </div>
    </a>
  </div>

</div>

src/api/cates.js：

import http from "../http";
import { reactive } from "vue";

const cates = reactive({
  cates_list: [], // Banner---两级分类列表
  cc_list: {}, //Banner---触发显示：显示所有二级分类
  course_list: [], //Banner ---触发显示：显示分类下的课程

  get_cates_list() {
    // 获取两级分类
    return http.get("/home/nav/cates/").then(response => {
      this.cates_list = response.data.data;
    })
  },

  get_coures_list(cateid) {
    // 获取所有二级分类 及其 课程
    return http.get("/home/nav/catescourses/?cateid=" + cateid).then(response => {
      // console.log("左侧边栏获取课程分类及课程response.data：");
      // console.log(response.data);
      this.cc_list = response.data.clist;
      this.course_list = response.data.courses;
    })
  },

})

export default cates;

五、分类课程推荐（楼层设计）功能实现

首页分类课程推荐设计：
显示推荐分类，获取不同楼层不同分类下的课程，点击不同分类时获取当前楼层分类下的推荐课程并显示

a.效果图

在这里插入图片描述

b.后端代码

为了便于理解，建立三张表：频道表、频道分类表、频道课程表，模型类如下：

# a.频道表
class ChannelModel(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)
    picurl = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    sort = models.IntegerField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '频道表'
        verbose_name_plural = '频道表'
        db_table = 'channel'

# b.频道分类表 id,name,显示顺序,频道id,类别(1-添加的 2-分类的),分类id
class ChannelCategoryModel(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    sort = models.IntegerField()
    channel = models.ForeignKey(ChannelModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='cates')
    type = models.IntegerField()
    cateid = models.IntegerField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '频道分类表'
        verbose_name_plural = '频道分类表'
        db_table = 'channel_cates'

# c.频道分类课程表 id,name,图标,价格,难度,购买人数,频道分类id
class ChannelCoursesModel(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255,unique=True)
    picurl = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    price = models.FloatField()
    sales = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    level = models.IntegerField()
    ccates = models.ForeignKey(ChannelCategoryModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='courses')
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '频道分类课程表'
        verbose_name_plural = '频道分类课程表'
        db_table = 'channel_courses'

频道、频道分类、频道课程序列化器：

# --
# c.频道分类课程序列化器
class ChannelCourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = ChannelCoursesModel
        fields = '__all__'

# b.频道分类序列化器-
class ChannelCategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    courses = ChannelCourseSerializer(many=True, read_only=True)
    class Meta:
        model = ChannelCategoryModel
        fields = '__all__'

# a.频道序列化器
class ChannelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    cates = ChannelCategorySerializer(many=True, read_only=True)
    class Meta:
        model = ChannelModel
        fields = '__all__'

获取首页推荐课程分类信息：

# 6.2 楼层-课程卡片--（无顺序版-->直接嵌套序列化器）
class HomeCourseView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        channels = ChannelModel.objects.order_by('sort').all()
        ser_channels = ChannelSerializer(channels, many=True)
        return Response({"code":"200", "data":ser_channels.data})

配置urls：

    path('homecourse/', HomeCourseView.as_view()), #首页推荐分类课程

c.前端代码

src/components/NewCourse.vue：

<template>
  <div class="bg000">
    <div class="container-types new-course" v-for="record,index in course.data" :key="index">
      <!-- 第一级：pic -->
      <h3
          class="types-title justify-content_flex-start"
          :style="{ 'background-image': `url('${record.picurl}')` }"
      >{{index}}

        <!-- 第二级 eg：推荐、前端课程 -->
        <ul class="menu">
          <li :class="{'curr': state.current_menu[index]==key}"
              v-for="item,key in record.cates" :key="key"
              @click="selectTab(item,key,index)"
          >
            <a>{{ item.name }}</a>
          </li>
        </ul>

      </h3>
      
      <!-- 对应分类下的课程信息 -->
      <div class="list clearfix show" >
        <a class="item" v-for="citem,cindex in record.cates[courseList.data[index]].courses" :key="cindex">
          <div class="img"
               :style="{ 'background-image': `url('${citem.picurl}')` }">
          </div>
          <div class="title ellipsis2">{{ citem.name }}</div>
          <div class="difficulty">{{ citem.level }} · {{ citem.person }}人报名</div>
          <div class="bottom clearfix">
            <span class="price l red bold">￥{{ citem.price }}</span>
          </div>
        </a>
      </div>


    </div>  
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import {reactive} from "vue"
// 接口取回的数据
import course from "../api/home";

course.get_courses_list();

// 定义每个频道TAB的下标
let courseList = reactive({data: [0,0,0]})

// 点击事件item-cates，key-二级index，index-一级index
const selectTab = (item,key,index) => {
  courseList.data[index] = key
  state.current_menu[index] = key
}
const state = reactive({
  current_menu: [0,0,0],
})

</script>

src/api/home.js：

import { reactive } from "vue";
import http from "../http";
const course = reactive({
  data: [],  // 分类下课程信息

  get_courses_list() {
    // 获取分类下课程信息
    return http.get("/home/homecourse/").then(response => {
      console.log("response.data.data");
      console.log(response.data.data);
      this.data = response.data.data;
  },

})

export default course;