ubuntu使用kubeadm搭建k8s集群

一、卸载k8s

kubeadm reset -f
modprobe -r ipip
lsmod
rm -rf ~/.kube/
rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
rm -rf /usr/bin/kube*
rm -rf /etc/cni
rm -rf /opt/cni
rm -rf /var/lib/etcd
rm -rf /var/etcd
apt clean all
apt remove kube*

二、安装K8S一主两从集群

k8s-master01 192.168.124.132     操作系统: Ubuntu20.04

k8s-node01 192.168.124.133      操作系统: Ubuntu20.04

k8s-node02 192.168.124.134      操作系统: Ubuntu20.04

最低配置:2核 2G内存 20G硬盘

 1、环境准备:(所有服务器都需要操作)

  1)  时间同步

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

sudo apt install ntpdate

sudo ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com

2)  固定IP地址

Ubuntu固定虚拟机的ip地址-CSDN博客

3)修改主机名

[root@k8s-master1 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2

4)关闭交换分区

#临时关闭所有的交换分区
swapoff -a
 
#永久关闭所有的交换分区
sed -i '/swap/s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

5)所有节点都添加集群ip与主机名到hosts中:

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF 
172.16.11.221 k8s-master
172.16.11.222 k8s-node1
172.16.11.223 k8s-node2
EOF
配置内核转发及网桥过滤:

cat > /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf << EOF
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF
加载配置:

modprobe overlay

modprobe br_netfilter
查看是否加载:

lsmod |grep overlay

lsmod |grep br_netfilter
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

让配置生效: 

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

查看是否加载生效

lsmod |grep br_netfilter

6)关闭防火墙

sudo systemctl disable --now ufw

7)修改Ubuntu的sources.list

ubuntu | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror

 

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度,如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置,如有需要可自行修改注释切换
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源,不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

 8)安装ipset和ipvsadm

apt install ipset ipvsadm

配置 ipvsadm 模块加载方式

cat > /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf << EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

写成一个脚本文件

cat << EOF | tee ipvs.sh
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

授权运行检查:

授权运行检查:

chmod 755 /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf && bash /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

9)容器运行时containetd

wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.7.15/cri-containerd-1.7.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz

可能由于网络问题:链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1VoYMDB6ikOTSn4W-tziY9g 提取码: 3cvd 
--来自百度网盘超级会员v2的分享

解压并查看

tar xf cri-containerd-1.7.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /

which containerd

10)containerd配置文件生成并修改

创建文件:

mkdir /etc/containerd

生成配置文件:

containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

修改配置文件将3.8改为3.9

或者改为阿里云:registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9

vim /etc/containerd/config.toml

建议使用阿里云的镜像

disabled_plugins = []
imports = []
oom_score = 0
plugin_dir = ""
required_plugins = []
root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"
temp = ""
version = 2

[cgroup]
  path = ""

[debug]
  address = ""
  format = ""
  gid = 0
  level = ""
  uid = 0

[grpc]
  address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
  gid = 0
  max_recv_message_size = 16777216
  max_send_message_size = 16777216
  tcp_address = ""
  tcp_tls_ca = ""
  tcp_tls_cert = ""
  tcp_tls_key = ""
  uid = 0

[metrics]
  address = ""
  grpc_histogram = false

[plugins]

  [plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
    deletion_threshold = 0
    mutation_threshold = 100
    pause_threshold = 0.02
    schedule_delay = "0s"
    startup_delay = "100ms"

  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
    cdi_spec_dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
    device_ownership_from_security_context = false
    disable_apparmor = false
    disable_cgroup = false
    disable_hugetlb_controller = true
    disable_proc_mount = false
    disable_tcp_service = true
    drain_exec_sync_io_timeout = "0s"
    enable_cdi = false
    enable_selinux = false
    enable_tls_streaming = false
    enable_unprivileged_icmp = false
    enable_unprivileged_ports = false
    ignore_deprecation_warnings = []
    ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
    image_pull_progress_timeout = "5m0s"
    image_pull_with_sync_fs = false
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    max_container_log_line_size = 16384
    netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
    restrict_oom_score_adj = false
    sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"
    selinux_category_range = 1024
    stats_collect_period = 10
    stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
    stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
    stream_server_port = "0"
    systemd_cgroup = false
    tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
    unset_seccomp_profile = ""

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
      bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
      conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
      conf_template = ""
      ip_pref = ""
      max_conf_num = 1
      setup_serially = false

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
      default_runtime_name = "runc"
      disable_snapshot_annotations = true
      discard_unpacked_layers = false
      ignore_blockio_not_enabled_errors = false
      ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false
      no_pivot = false
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        privileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""
        sandbox_mode = ""
        snapshotter = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
          base_runtime_spec = ""
          cni_conf_dir = ""
          cni_max_conf_num = 0
          container_annotations = []
          pod_annotations = []
          privileged_without_host_devices = false
          privileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = false
          runtime_engine = ""
          runtime_path = ""
          runtime_root = ""
          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
          sandbox_mode = "podsandbox"
          snapshotter = ""

          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
            BinaryName = ""
            CriuImagePath = ""
            CriuPath = ""
            CriuWorkPath = ""
            IoGid = 0
            IoUid = 0
            NoNewKeyring = false
            NoPivotRoot = false
            Root = ""
            ShimCgroup = ""
            SystemdCgroup = true

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        privileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""
        sandbox_mode = ""
        snapshotter = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
      key_model = "node"

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
      config_path = "/etc/containerd/certs.d"

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
      tls_cert_file = ""
      tls_key_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
    path = "/opt/containerd"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
    interval = "10s"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
    content_sharing_policy = "shared"

  [plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
    no_prometheus = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.nri.v1.nri"]
    disable = true
    disable_connections = false
    plugin_config_path = "/etc/nri/conf.d"
    plugin_path = "/opt/nri/plugins"
    plugin_registration_timeout = "5s"
    plugin_request_timeout = "2s"
    socket_path = "/var/run/nri/nri.sock"

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]
    no_shim = false
    runtime = "runc"
    runtime_root = ""
    shim = "containerd-shim"
    shim_debug = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
    platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
    sched_core = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
    default = ["walking"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]
    blockio_config_file = ""
    rdt_config_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.blockfile"]
    fs_type = ""
    mount_options = []
    root_path = ""
    scratch_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
    async_remove = false
    base_image_size = ""
    discard_blocks = false
    fs_options = ""
    fs_type = ""
    pool_name = ""
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]
    mount_options = []
    root_path = ""
    sync_remove = false
    upperdir_label = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.transfer.v1.local"]
    config_path = ""
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    max_concurrent_uploaded_layers = 3

    [[plugins."io.containerd.transfer.v1.local".unpack_config]]
      differ = ""
      platform = "linux/amd64"
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"

[proxy_plugins]

[stream_processors]

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"

[timeouts]
  "io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.metrics.shimstats" = "2s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"

[ttrpc]
  address = ""
  gid = 0
  uid = 0
创建上图相应的文件目录

mkdir -p /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io

配置加速

cat > /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/hosts.toml << EOF
server = "https://docker.io"
[host."https://x46sxvnb.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
  capabilities = ["pull", "resolve"]
EOF

启动并设置开机自启

systemctl enable --now containerd

查看版本:

containerd --version

2、集群部署(所有服务器都需要操作)

1、下载用于kubernetes软件包仓库的公告签名密钥


k8s社区源(和下面的阿里云源二选一即可)网络问题选择阿里云

创建目录:

sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings/

下载密钥

curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
阿里云源

创建目录:

sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings/

下载密钥

curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.30/deb/Release.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
k8s社区(和下面的阿里云源二选一即可)

添加kubernetes apt仓库

echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
阿里云

添加kubernetes apt仓库

echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.30/deb/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

更新仓库

apt-get update

查看软件列表:

apt-cache policy kubeadm

安装指定版本:

sudo apt-get install -y kubelet=1.30.0-1.1 kubeadm=1.30.0-1.1 kubectl=1.30.0-1.1
修改kubelet配置

vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet 

KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"
设置为开机自启

systemctl enable kubelet
锁定版本,防止后期自动更新。

sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
解锁版本,可以执行更新

sudo apt-mark unhold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

3\

本文来自互联网用户投稿,该文观点仅代表作者本人,不代表本站立场。本站仅提供信息存储空间服务,不拥有所有权,不承担相关法律责任。如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.mfbz.cn/a/788346.html

如若内容造成侵权/违法违规/事实不符,请联系我们进行投诉反馈qq邮箱809451989@qq.com,一经查实,立即删除!

相关文章

压缩感知2——算法模型

采集原理 其中Y就是压缩后的信号表示(M维)&#xff0c;Φ表示采集的测量矩阵&#xff0c;可以是一个随机矩阵&#xff0c;X代表原始的数字信号&#xff08;N维&#xff09;。 常见的测量矩阵——随机高斯矩阵 随机伯努利矩阵 稀疏随机矩阵等&#xff0c;矩阵需要满足与信号的稀…

57、基于概率神经网络(PNN)的分类(matlab)

1、基于概率神经网络(PNN)的分类简介 PNN&#xff08;Probabilistic Neural Network&#xff0c;概率神经网络&#xff09;是一种基于概率论的神经网络模型&#xff0c;主要用于解决分类问题。PNN最早由马科夫斯基和马西金在1993年提出&#xff0c;是一种非常有效的分类算法。…

OpenCV MEI相机模型(全向模型)

文章目录 一、简介二、实现代码三、实现效果参考文献一、简介 对于针孔相机模型,由于硬件上的限制(如进光量等),他的视野夹角往往有效区域只有140度左右,因此就有研究人员为每个针孔相机前面再添加一个镜片,如下所示: 通过折射的方式增加了相机成像的视野,虽然仍然达不…

精讲:java之多维数组的使用

一、多维数组简介 1.为什么需要二维数组 我们看下面这个例子&#xff1f;“ 某公司2022年全年各个月份的销售额进行登记。按月份存储&#xff0c;可以使用一维数组。如果改写为按季度为单位存储怎么办呢&#xff1f; 或许现在学习了一维数组的你只能申请四个一维数组去存储每…

修改服务器挂载目录

由于我们的项目通常需要挂载一个大容量的数据盘来存储文件数据&#xff0c;所以我们每台服务器都需要一个默认的挂载目录来存放这些数据&#xff0c;但是由于我们的误操作&#xff0c;导致挂载目录名字建错了&#xff0c;这时候后端就读不到挂载目录了&#xff0c;那我们我们的…

公司内部配置GitLab,通过SSH密钥来实现免密clone、push等操作

公司内部配置GitLab&#xff0c;通过SSH密钥来实现免密clone、push等操作。以下是配置SSH密钥以实现免密更新的步骤&#xff1a; 1.生成SSH密钥 在本地计算机上打开终端或命令提示符。输入以下命令以生成一个新的SSH密钥&#xff1a;ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your…

AGE Cypher 查询格式

使用 ag_catalog 中的名为 cypher 的函数构建 Cypher 查询&#xff0c;该函数返回 Postgres 的记录集合。 Cypher() Cypher() 函数执行作为参数传递的 Cypher 查询。 语法&#xff1a;cypher(graph_name, query_string, parameters) 返回&#xff1a; A SETOF records 参…

高铁站客运枢纽IPTV电视系统-盐城高铁站西广场IP电视系统应用浅析

高铁站客运枢纽IPTV电视系统-盐城高铁站西广场IP电视系统应用浅析 由北京海特伟业科技有限公司任洪卓于2024年7月9日发布 随着科技的飞速发展&#xff0c;特别是“互联网”战略的深入推进&#xff0c;高铁站客运枢纽的信息化建设成为提升服务质量、增强乘客体验的重要手段。盐…

FTP与TFTP

1、TFTP&#xff08;简单文件传输协议&#xff09; TFTP是TCP/IP协议族中一个用来在客户机与服务器之间进行简单文件传输的协议&#xff0c;提供不复杂、开销不大的文件传输服务。 基于UDP协议 端口号&#xff1a;69 特点&#xff1a;简单、轻量级、易于实现 传输过程&…

20240710 每日AI必读资讯

&#x1f916;微软&#xff1a;不会像 OpenAI 一样阻止中国访问 AI 模型 - OpenAI 将于周二&#xff08;7 月 9 日&#xff09;开始阻止中国用户访问其 API。 - 微软发言人表示&#xff1a;Azure OpenAI API服务在中国的提供方式没有变化。 - 公司仍然通过部署在中国以外地区…

uniapp——银行卡号脱敏

样式 代码 {{bankNumber.replace(/(\d{4})(?\d)/g, "●●●● ").replace(/(\d{2})(?\d{2}$)/, " $1")}} 将银行卡号按照每四位一组的方式进行处理&#xff0c;前面的变成 剩下的正常显示

谷粒商城-个人笔记(集群部署篇三)

前言 ​学习视频&#xff1a;​Java项目《谷粒商城》架构师级Java项目实战&#xff0c;对标阿里P6-P7&#xff0c;全网最强​学习文档&#xff1a; 谷粒商城-个人笔记(基础篇一)谷粒商城-个人笔记(基础篇二)谷粒商城-个人笔记(基础篇三)谷粒商城-个人笔记(高级篇一)谷粒商城-个…

昇思MindSpore25天学习打卡Day17:K近邻算法实现红酒聚类

昇思MindSpore25天学习打卡Day17&#xff1a;K近邻算法实现红酒聚类 1 实验目地2 K近邻算法(KNN)原理介绍2.1 分类问题2.2 回归问题2.3 距离的定义 3 实验环境4 数据处理4.1 数据准备4.2 数据读取与处理4.2.1 导入MindSpore模块和辅助模块 5 模型构建--计算距离6 模型预测 及 打…

java算法day9

232.用栈实现队列 用队列实现栈 有效的括号 删除字符串中的所有相邻重复项 逆波兰表达式求值 解决栈和队列的基本数据结构 Queue&#xff08;队列&#xff09; 在java中是一个接口。定义的方法&#xff1a; //boolean add(E e): 将指定的元素插入此队列&#xff08;如果…

软考高级里《系统架构设计师》容易考吗?

我还是22年通过的架构考试。系统架构设计师属于软考高级科目&#xff0c;难度比初级和中级都要大&#xff0c;往年的通过率也比较低&#xff0c;一般在10-20%左右。从总体来说&#xff0c;这门科目确实是不好过的&#xff0c;大家如果想要备考系统架构设计师的话&#xff0c;还…

【界面态】霍尔效应表征氮化对SiC/SiO2界面陷阱的影响

引言 引言主要介绍了硅碳化物&#xff08;SiC&#xff09;金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管&#xff08;MOSFETs&#xff09;作为新一代高压、低损耗功率器件的商业化背景。SiC MOSFETs因其优越的电气特性&#xff0c;在高电压和高温应用领域具有巨大的潜力。然而&#xff0c;尽…

Leedcode刷题——7 滑动窗口 双指针

注&#xff1a;以下代码均为c 1. 两数之和2&#xff08;输入有序数组&#xff09; // 法1&#xff1a;暴力 vector<int> twoSum1(vector<int>& numbers, int target) {vector<int> ans(2);int n numbers.size();for(int i 0; i < n-1; i){if(i ! 0…

预算有限?如何挑选经济适用的安全管理系统?

如今&#xff0c;无论是信息安全、生产安全还是人员安全&#xff0c;都直接关系到企业的稳定运营和长远发展。然而&#xff0c;对于许多中小企业而言&#xff0c;高昂的安全管理系统投入往往成为一大难题。那么&#xff0c;在预算有限的情况下&#xff0c;如何挑选一款既经济适…

Camera Raw:常规工具

在 Camera Raw 窗口右下角提供了四个常用的工具&#xff0c;它们分别是&#xff1a;缩放工具、抓手工具、切换取样器叠加以及切换网格叠加工具。 ◆ ◆ ◆ 缩放工具 Zoom Tool 用于放大或缩小预览图像&#xff0c;便于查看和编辑细节。 快捷键&#xff1a;Z 1、双击“缩放工具…

瓦罗兰特游戏帧数低怎么办 瓦罗兰特游戏帧率提不上去怎么解决

瓦罗兰特是一款由拳头游戏&#xff08;Riot Games&#xff09;开发的5v5英雄射击游戏。结合了MOBA元素&#xff0c;每个角色都拥有四个独特的技能&#xff1b;提供了多种游戏模式&#xff0c;如5V5战术射击等&#xff1b;角色和皮肤设计丰富。游戏中&#xff0c;玩家将扮演各具…