文章目录
- 1、查看表 tb_user
- 2、展示索引
- 3、为profession、age、status创建 联合索引
- 4、查询 profession='软件工程'
- 5、执行计划 profession='软件工程'
- 6、创建profession单列索引
- 7、再次执行计划 profession='软件工程'
- 8、SQL提示
- 8.1、use index(idx_user_pro)
- 8.2、ignore index(idx_user_pro)
- 8.3、force index(idx_user_pro_age_sta)
1、查看表 tb_user
mysql> select * from tb_user;
+----+--------+-------------+-----------------------+----------------------+------+--------+--------+---------------------+
| id | name | phone | email | profession | age | gender | status | createtime |
+----+--------+-------------+-----------------------+----------------------+------+--------+--------+---------------------+
| 1 | 吕布 | 17799990000 | lvbu666@163.com | 软件工程 | 23 | 1 | 6 | 2001-02-02 00:00:00 |
| 2 | 曹操 | 17799990001 | caocao666@qq.com | 通讯工程 | 33 | 1 | 0 | 2001-03-05 00:00:00 |
| 3 | 赵云 | 17799990002 | 17799990@139.com | 英语 | 34 | 1 | 2 | 2002-03-02 00:00:00 |
| 4 | 孙悟空 | 17799990003 | 17799990@sina.com | 工程造价 | 54 | 1 | 0 | 2001-07-02 00:00:00 |
| 5 | 花木兰 | 17799990004 | 19980729@sina.com | 软件工程 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 2001-04-22 00:00:00 |
| 6 | 大乔 | 17799990005 | daqiao666@sina.com | 舞蹈 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 2001-02-07 00:00:00 |
| 7 | 露娜 | 17799990006 | luna_love@sina.com | 应用数学 | 24 | 2 | 0 | 2001-02-08 00:00:00 |
| 8 | 程咬金 | 17799990007 | chengyaojin@163.com | 化工 | 38 | 1 | 5 | 2001-05-23 00:00:00 |
| 9 | 项羽 | 17799990008 | xiaoyu666@qq.com | 金属材料 | 43 | 1 | 0 | 2001-09-18 00:00:00 |
| 10 | 白起 | 17799990009 | baiqi666@sina.com | 机械工程及其自动
化 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 2001-08-16 00:00:00 |
| 11 | 韩信 | 17799990010 | hanxin520@163.com | 无机非金属材料工
程 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 2001-06-12 00:00:00 |
| 12 | 荆轲 | 17799990011 | jingke123@163.com | 会计 | 29 | 1 | 0 | 2001-05-11 00:00:00 |
| 13 | 兰陵王 | 17799990012 | lanlinwang666@126.com | 工程造价 | 44 | 1 | 1 | 2001-04-09 00:00:00 |
| 14 | 狂铁 | 17799990013 | kuangtie@sina.com | 应用数学 | 43 | 1 | 2 | 2001-04-10 00:00:00 |
| 15 | 貂蝉 | 17799990014 | 84958948374@qq.com | 软件工程 | 40 | 2 | 3 | 2001-02-12 00:00:00 |
| 16 | 妲己 | 17799990015 | 2783238293@qq.com | 软件工程 | 31 | 2 | 0 | 2001-01-30 00:00:00 |
| 17 | 芈月 | 17799990016 | xiaomin2001@sina.com | 工业经济 | 35 | 2 | 0 | 2000-05-03 00:00:00 |
| 18 | 嬴政 | 17799990017 | 8839434342@qq.com | 化工 | 38 | 1 | 1 | 2001-08-08 00:00:00 |
| 19 | 狄仁杰 | 17799990018 | jujiamlm8166@163.com | 国际贸易 | 30 | 1 | 0 | 2007-03-12 00:00:00 |
| 20 | 安琪拉 | 17799990019 | jdodm1h@126.com | 城市规划 | 51 | 2 | 0 | 2001-08-15 00:00:00 |
| 21 | 典韦 | 17799990020 | ycaunanjian@163.com | 城市规划 | 52 | 1 | 2 | 2000-04-12 00:00:00 |
| 22 | 廉颇 | 17799990021 | lianpo321@126.com | 土木工程 | 19 | 1 | 3 | 2002-07-18 00:00:00 |
| 23 | 后羿 | 17799990022 | altycj2000@139.com | 城市园林 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 2002-03-10 00:00:00 |
| 24 | 姜子牙 | 17799990023 | 37483844@qq.com | 工程造价 | 29 | 1 | 4 | 2003-05-26 00:00:00 |
+----+--------+-------------+-----------------------+----------------------+------+--------+--------+---------------------+
24 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2、展示索引
mysql> show index from tb_user;
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+---------+------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment | Visible | Expression |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+---------+------------+
| tb_user | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 24 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | YES | NULL |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+---------+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
3、为profession、age、status创建 联合索引
mysql> create index idx_user_pro_age_sta on tb_user (profession, age, status);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show index from tb_user;
+---------+------------+----------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+---------+------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment | Visible | Expression |
+---------+------------+----------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+---------+------------+
| tb_user | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 24 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | YES | NULL |
| tb_user | 1 | idx_user_pro_age_sta | 1 | profession | A | 16 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | | YES | NULL |
| tb_user | 1 | idx_user_pro_age_sta | 2 | age | A | 22 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | | YES | NULL |
| tb_user | 1 | idx_user_pro_age_sta | 3 | status | A | 24 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | | YES | NULL |
+---------+------------+----------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+---------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
4、查询 profession=‘软件工程’
mysql> select * from tb_user where profession='软件工程';
+----+--------+-------------+--------------------+------------+------+--------+--------+---------------------+
| id | name | phone | email | profession | age | gender | status | createtime |
+----+--------+-------------+--------------------+------------+------+--------+--------+---------------------+
| 5 | 花木兰 | 17799990004 | 19980729@sina.com | 软件工程 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 2001-04-22 00:00:00 |
| 1 | 吕布 | 17799990000 | lvbu666@163.com | 软件工程 | 23 | 1 | 6 | 2001-02-02 00:00:00 |
| 16 | 妲己 | 17799990015 | 2783238293@qq.com | 软件工程 | 31 | 2 | 0 | 2001-01-30 00:00:00 |
| 15 | 貂蝉 | 17799990014 | 84958948374@qq.com | 软件工程 | 40 | 2 | 3 | 2001-02-12 00:00:00 |
+----+--------+-------------+--------------------+------------+------+--------+--------+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
5、执行计划 profession=‘软件工程’
mysql> explain select * from tb_user where profession='软件工程';
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | tb_user | NULL | ref | idx_user_pro_age_sta | idx_user_pro_age_sta | 47 | const | 4 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>
6、创建profession单列索引
mysql> create index idx_user_pro on tb_user(profession);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show index from tb_user;
+---------+------------+----------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+---------+------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment | Visible | Expression |
+---------+------------+----------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+---------+------------+
| tb_user | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 24 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | YES | NULL |
| tb_user | 1 | idx_user_pro_age_sta | 1 | profession | A | 16 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | | YES | NULL |
| tb_user | 1 | idx_user_pro_age_sta | 2 | age | A | 22 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | | YES | NULL |
| tb_user | 1 | idx_user_pro_age_sta | 3 | status | A | 24 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | | YES | NULL |
| tb_user | 1 | idx_user_pro | 1 | profession | A | 16 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | | YES | NULL |
+---------+------------+----------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+---------+------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
7、再次执行计划 profession=‘软件工程’
mysql> explain select * from tb_user where profession='软件工程';
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | tb_user | NULL | ref | idx_user_pro_age_sta,idx_user_pro | idx_user_pro_age_sta | 47 | const | 4 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>
最终选择联合索引
8、SQL提示
SQL提示,是优化数据库的一个重要手段,简单来说,就是在SQL语句中加入一些人为的提示来达到优化操作的目的。
8.1、use index(idx_user_pro)
mysql> explain select * from tb_user use index(idx_user_pro) where profession='软件工程';
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | tb_user | NULL | ref | idx_user_pro | idx_user_pro | 47 | const | 4 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>
8.2、ignore index(idx_user_pro)
mysql> explain select * from tb_user ignore index(idx_user_pro) where profession='软件工程';
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | tb_user | NULL | ref | idx_user_pro_age_sta | idx_user_pro_age_sta | 47 | const | 4 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain select * from tb_user ignore index(idx_user_pro_age_sta) where profession='软件工程';
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | tb_user | NULL | ref | idx_user_pro | idx_user_pro | 47 | const | 4 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>
8.3、force index(idx_user_pro_age_sta)
mysql> explain select * from tb_user force index(idx_user_pro_age_sta) where profession='软件工程';
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | tb_user | NULL | ref | idx_user_pro_age_sta | idx_user_pro_age_sta | 47 | const | 4 | 100.00 | NULL |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>