练习实践：ubuntu18.04安装、配置Nginx+PHP环境,两种配置方式，多站点

参考来源：
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/464753.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/laosan007/p/12803287.html
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_55364077/article/details/132207083 【安装同版本7.2的php】

需要知道对应php和nginx的安装版本

需要安装php-fpm的内容，

一、通过apt软件包管理器安装Nginx和PHP环境

sudo apt-get install php7.2-mysql php7.2-fpm php7.2-curl php7.2-xml php7.2-gd php7.2-mbstring php-memcached php7.2-zip

1.1 查看安装版本信息

root@ub1804:/etc/nginx# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0 (Ubuntu)
root@ub1804:/etc/nginx# php -v
PHP 7.2.24-0ubuntu0.18.04.17 (cli) (built: Feb 23 2023 13:29:25) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v7.2.24-0ubuntu0.18.04.17, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies

修改Nginx配置文件使得支持PHP，要点：两个配置项的修改index ,location

方式一，在原配置文件上进行修改

sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

在server{}内，找到index开头的配置行，在该行中添加index.php

在server{}内找到location ~ .php$ {}，去除以下配置行的注释符号。(注意php7.2-fpm字段要和安装的php一致)

– 新加 index.php

## Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html ;

补充说明：
注意访问首页过程中的页面查找顺序

有时，访问站点时的URI是/，这时一般是返回网站的首页，而这与root和alias都不同。这里用ngx_http_index_module模块提供的index配置实现。
index后可以跟多个文件参数，Nginx将会按照顺序来访问这些文件，接收到请求后，Nginx首先会尝试访问path/index.php文件，如果可以访问，就直接返回文件内容结束请求，否则再试图返回path/html/index.php文件的内容，依此类推。

– 打开注释
– location ~ .php$
– include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
– fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock; location ~ .php$
– (要和 /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d 中的 www.conf 中的 listen = /run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock 一致)


在default配置文件的 网站目录路径/var/www/html中，添加index.php页面，页面内容如下

```bash
root@ub1804:/var/www/html# cat index.php 
<?php 
echo phpinfo();
?>

修改完nginx配置后，通过nginx -t检查配置文件有无语法问题，通过systemctl reload nginx重新加载配置

root@ub1804:/etc/nginx/sites-available# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
root@ub1804:/etc/nginx/sites-available# systemctl reload nginx

查看php服务和nginx的运行状态

root@ub1804:/etc/nginx/sites-available# systemctl  status nginx
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2024-06-24 12:25:11 CST; 5min ago
     Docs: man:nginx(8)
  Process: 1621 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, statu
  Process: 1362 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exit
 Main PID: 1622 (nginx)
    Tasks: 5 (limit: 4605)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─1622 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
           ├─1625 nginx: worker process
           ├─1626 nginx: worker process
           ├─1627 nginx: worker process
           └─1629 nginx: worker process

6月 24 12:25:04 ub1804 systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy 
6月 24 12:25:11 ub1804 systemd[1]: Started A high performance web server and a reverse proxy s

root@ub1804:/etc/nginx/sites-available# systemctl status php7.2-fpm
● php7.2-fpm.service - The PHP 7.2 FastCGI Process Manager
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/php7.2-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2024-06-24 12:25:12 CST; 5min ago
     Docs: man:php-fpm7.2(8)
 Main PID: 1358 (php-fpm7.2)
   Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 2, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req/sec"
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 4605)
   CGroup: /system.slice/php7.2-fpm.service
           ├─1358 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php/7.2/fpm/php-fpm.conf)
           ├─1648 php-fpm: pool www
           └─1649 php-fpm: pool www

6月 24 12:25:04 ub1804 systemd[1]: Starting The PHP 7.2 FastCGI Process Manager...
6月 24 12:25:12 ub1804 systemd[1]: Started The PHP 7.2 FastCGI Process Manager.

此时使用的是默认端口80，配置默认首页为index.php，使用浏览器访问，成功状态如下：
在这里插入图片描述

方式二，重新配置站点文件方式修改

01.创建站点目录，创建首页内容如下

root@ub1804:/var/www/example.com# pwd
/var/www/example.com
root@ub1804:/var/www/example.com# cat index.php 
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

02.编辑nginx的站点配置文件

在default配置文件相同目录下创建示例站点配置文件(一台设备上多个配置文件中的server中的端口不能相同)

root@ub1804:/etc/nginx/sites-available# tree
.
├── default
└── example.com

0 directories, 2 files
root@ub1804:/etc/nginx/sites-available# cat example.com 
server {
    listen       8800;
    server_name  example.com;
 
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/example.com.access.log;
    error_log   /var/log/nginx/example.com.error.log;
 
    root /var/www/example.com;
 
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args;
    }
 
    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;
    }
}