一、监控的作用

发现问题、解决问题、预防问题

1、监控的方式

• 人工巡检，巡检脚本
• 监控软件
  zabbix
  promethues

2、zabbix监控获取数据的方式

• zabbix-agent， 适用于服务器、主机监控
• SNMP协议，适用于网络设备(交换机、路由器、防火墙、IDS/IPS)
  udp/161， v2版本稳定版
• IPMI协议，适用于监控硬件设备信息(温度、序列号)
• JMX协议，适用于java应用的监控

二、zabbix server部署

1、确保时间同步

[root@zabbix_server ~]# crontab -l
*/30 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 120.25.115.20 &> /dev/null

[root@zabbix_server ~]# ntpdate 120.25.115.20
20 Jun 10:33:44 ntpdate[1553]: step time server 120.25.115.20 offset -86399.438588 sec

2、添加epel源

[root@zabbix_server ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
--2024-06-20 10:38:23--  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 182.201.241.69, 182.201.241.67, 42.202.209.193, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|182.201.241.69|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 664 [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo’

100%[============================================================================================>] 664         --.-K/s   in 0.005s  

2024-06-20 10:38:24 (124 KB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo’ saved [664/664]

3、添加zabbix仓库

[root@zabbix_server ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
[zabbix]
name=zabbix
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/4.4/rhel/7/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

4、安装zabbix服务端软件

[root@zabbix_server ~]# yum install -y mariadb-server zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql 

5、在数据库创建zabbix需要的表、授权用户

[root@zabbix_server ~]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 
MariaDB [(none)]> create database zabbix charset utf8 collate utf8_bin;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'zbuser'@'localhost' identified by 'redhat';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on zabbix.* to 'zbuser'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> 

[root@zabbix_server ~]# cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-4.4.10/
[root@zabbix_server zabbix-server-mysql-4.4.10]# ls
AUTHORS  ChangeLog  COPYING  create.sql.gz  NEWS  README
[root@zabbix_server zabbix-server-mysql-4.4.10]# 
[root@zabbix_server zabbix-server-mysql-4.4.10]# zcat create.sql.gz | mysql -uroot zabbix

6、编辑zabbix server配置文件，指定数据库连接

[root@zabbix_server ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf 

DBHost=localhost
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zbuser
DBPassword=redhat
DBSocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

7、启动zabbix server

[root@zabbix_server ~]# systemctl enable --now zabbix-server

[root@zabbix_server ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep zabbix
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10051           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2155/zabbix_server  
tcp6       0      0 :::10051                :::*                    LISTEN      2155/zabbix_server  

8、初始化zabbix webUI

[root@zabbix_server ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf 
php_value date.timezone Asia/Shanghai

[root@zabbix_server ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@zabbix_server ~]# 

9、访问zabbix webUI

http://192.168.140.10/zabbix/

默认用户名：Admin， 密码: zabbix

三、本机监控配置

1、安装配置zabbix-agent

[root@zabbix_server ~]# yum install -y zabbix-agent 

[root@zabbix_server ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf 
Server=监控服务器地址
ServerActive=监控服务器地址
Hostname=Zabbix server  // 被监控机名称，惟一

zabbix-agent两种工作模式：主动、被动; 默认为被动 

[root@zabbix_server ~]# systemctl enable --now zabbix-agent

[root@zabbix_server ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep zabbix
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10050           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4775/zabbix_agentd  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10051           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2155/zabbix_server  
tcp6       0      0 :::10050                :::*                    LISTEN      4775/zabbix_agentd  
tcp6       0      0 :::10051                :::*                    LISTEN      2155/zabbix_server  

2、在web界面修改agent监听地址

3、查看监控图形

4、解决图形乱码问题

[root@zabbix_server ~]# mv simkai.ttf /usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts/
[root@zabbix_server ~]# ls /usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts/
graphfont.ttf  simkai.ttf
[root@zabbix_server ~]# 

[root@zabbix_server ~]# vim /usr/share/zabbix/include/defines.inc.php 
define('ZBX_GRAPH_FONT_NAME',           'simkai'); // font file name
define('ZBX_FONT_NAME', 'simkai');