操作系统大作业

1、现有成绩文件按“姓名学校年级班级分数”五列组成，编写Shell脚本，将某目录下所有成绩文件（≥3个）合并为一个，形成“姓名班级分数”三列，并按成绩排序，输出年级排名前十。同时输出60以下、60-70、70-80、80-90、90-100各分数区间人数，并统计所有人的平均分。（25分）

先创建三个成绩文件

touch score1.txt score2.txt score3.txt

需要填入内容，以下为随机生成的内容

score1.txt

Aaaa ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 1 76
Alice ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 4 5  
Bob ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 9 87  
Charlie ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 7 92  
David ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 1 15  
Eve ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 2 55  
Frank ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 5 32  
Grace ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 8 68  
Hannah ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 10 7  
Isaac ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 6 23  
Jane ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 3 41

score2.txt

Bbbb ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 2 57
Kevin ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 9 99  
Laura ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 7 8  
Michael ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 5 51  
Nina ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 2 12  
Oliver ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 1 95  
Patricia ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 8 39  
Quentin ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 3 25  
Rache ZhengzhouUniversity 2021l 6 75  
Sarah ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 4 61  
Tom ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 10 48  
Ursula ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 9 18  
Victoria ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 7 82

score3.txt

Cccc ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 3 89
William ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 5 9  
Xavier ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 2 65  
Yvonne ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 8 100  
Zachary ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 4 36  
Anna ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 3 78  
Benjamin ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 6 58  
Cassandra ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 1 45  
Daniel ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 10 28  
Eleanor ZhengzhouUniversity 2021 9 85

创建一个目录，把这三个成绩文件放入其中

mkdir score
mv score1.txt score2.txt score3.txt score

scores.sh

#!/bin/bash   
# 指定目录和输出文件名  
input_dir="/root/score"   
output_file="merged_scores.txt"    
# 检查目录下文件数量  
files=($(find "$input_dir" -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt"))  
if [ ${#files[@]} -lt 3 ]; then  
    echo "Error: Less than 3 files found in the directory."  
    exit 1  
fi  
  
# 合并所有文件为三列格式  
> "$output_file"  
for file in "${files[@]}"; do  
    awk '{print $1, $4, $5}' "$file" >> "$output_file"  
done  
  
# 按成绩排序并输出年级排名前十  
sort -nr -k3 "$output_file" | head -n 10    
# 统计各分数区间的人数和所有人的平均分  
awk '  
BEGIN {  
    count = 0  
    sum = 0  
    count_a = 0  
    count_b = 0  
    count_c = 0  
    count_d = 0  
    count_e = 0  
}  
{  
    score = $3  
    sum += score  
    count++  
    if (score < 60) count_a++  
    else if (score >= 60 && score < 70) count_b++  
    else if (score >= 70 && score < 80) count_c++  
    else if (score >= 80 && score < 90) count_d++  
    else if (score >= 90 && score <= 100) count_e++  
}  
END {  
    avg = sum / count  
    print "60以下:", count_a  
    print "60-70:", count_b  
    print "70-80:", count_c  
    print "80-90:", count_d  
    print "90-100:", count_e  
    print "平均分:", avg  
}  
' "$output_file"

执行：./scores.sh

2、系统中有生产者、计算者和消费者3个线程，共享2个容量为n（n≥4）的缓冲区buffer1和buffer2，生产者随机产生小写字母，并放入到buffer1；计算者从buffer1取出字母，将小写字母转换为大写字母，放入到buffer2；消费者从buffer2取出字符，将其打印到屏幕上。试用使用信号量解决生产者、计算者、消费者问题。（25分）

convert.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <time.h> // 需要包含time.h头文件来使用time函数 
#define N 6 // 缓冲区容量

char buffer1[N]; // 缓冲区1
char buffer2[N]; // 缓冲区2
int in1 = 0; // 缓冲区1的索引
int out1 = 0; // 缓冲区1的索引
int in2 = 0; // 缓冲区2的索引
int out2 = 0; // 缓冲区2的索引

sem_t empty1, full1, empty2, full2; // 信号量

void *producer(void *arg) {  
    // 使用当前时间作为随机数生成器的种子  
    srand(time(NULL));  
  

    while (1) {
        sem_wait(&empty1); // 等待空位
        buffer1[in1] = 'a' + rand() % 26; // 随机产生小写字母
        printf("Producer produced %c\n", buffer1[in1]);
        in1 = (in1 + 1) % N;
        sem_post(&full1); // 通知有新的数据
    }
}

void *computer(void *arg) {
    while (1) {
        sem_wait(&full1); // 等待数据
        sem_wait(&empty2); // 等待空位
        buffer2[in2] = toupper(buffer1[out1]); // 转换为大写字母
        printf("Computer computed %c\n", buffer2[in2]);
        out1 = (out1 + 1) % N;
        in2 = (in2 + 1) % N;
        sem_post(&full2); // 通知有新的数据
    }
}

void *consumer(void *arg) {
    while (1) {
        sem_wait(&full2); // 等待数据
        printf("Consumer consumed %c\n", buffer2[out2]);
        out2 = (out2 + 1) % N;
        sem_post(&empty2); // 通知有空位
    }
}

int main() {
    pthread_t tid1, tid2, tid3;

    sem_init(&empty1, 0, N); // 初始化信号量
    sem_init(&full1, 0, 0);
    sem_init(&empty2, 0, N);
    sem_init(&full2, 0, 0);

    pthread_create(&tid1, NULL, producer, NULL); // 创建线程
    pthread_create(&tid2, NULL, computer, NULL);
    pthread_create(&tid3, NULL, consumer, NULL);

    pthread_join(tid1, NULL); // 等待线程结束
    pthread_join(tid2, NULL);
    pthread_join(tid3, NULL);

    sem_destroy(&empty1); // 销毁信号量
    sem_destroy(&full1);
    sem_destroy(&empty2);
    sem_destroy(&full2);

    return 0;
}

编译链接命令：gcc convert.c -o convert

运行命令：./convert

3、通过Linux中的socket通信机制，编写C程序，完成猜数字的游戏。服务端自动生成1~100的随机数，客户端猜数字。猜数字的过程中，根据猜测数据的大小给出大了或小了的反馈，直到猜对，游戏结束。（25分）

sever.c

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <arpa/inet.h>  
#include <time.h>  
  
#define PORT 8080  
#define BUF_SIZE 1024  
  
int main() {  
    int server_fd, new_socket;  
    struct sockaddr_in address;  
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);  
    char buffer[BUF_SIZE] = {0};  
    srand(time(0)); // 初始化随机数种子  
    int secret_number = rand() % 100 + 1; // 生成1~100的随机数  
  
    // 创建socket  
    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {  
        perror("socket failed");  
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);  
    }  
  
    // 设置地址  
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;  
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;  
    address.sin_port = htons(PORT);  
  
    // 绑定  
    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {  
        perror("bind failed");  
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);  
    }  
  
    // 监听  
    if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {  
        perror("listen");  
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);  
    }  
  
    // 接受连接  
    if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {  
        perror("accept");  
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);  
    }  
  
    // 与客户端交互  
    while (1) {  
        memset(buffer, 0, BUF_SIZE);  
        // 接收猜测  
        read(new_socket, buffer, BUF_SIZE - 1);  
        int guess = atoi(buffer);  
  
        if (guess > secret_number) {  
            write(new_socket, "Too high!", 9);  
        } else if (guess < secret_number) {  
            write(new_socket, "Too low!", 8);  
        } else {  
            write(new_socket, "Correct!", 7);  
            break;  
        }  
    }  
  
    // 关闭连接和socket  
    close(new_socket);  
    close(server_fd);  
    return 0;  
}

client.c

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <arpa/inet.h>    
#define PORT 8080  
#define BUF_SIZE 1024  
  
int main() {  
    int sock = 0, valread;  
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;  
    char buffer[BUF_SIZE] = {0};  
    int guess;  
    // 创建socket  
    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {  
        printf("\n Socket creation error \n");  
        return -1;  
    }  
  
    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;  
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);  
    // 假设服务端IP是127.0.0.1  
    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {  
        printf("\nInvalid address/ Address not supported \n");  
        return -1;  
    }  
  
    // 连接到服务端  
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {  
        printf("\nConnection Failed \n");  
        return -1;  
    }  
    // 开始猜数字游戏  
    while (1) {  
        printf("Enter your guess (1-100): ");  
        scanf("%d", &guess);   
        // 发送猜测  
        snprintf(buffer, BUF_SIZE, "%d", guess);  
        write(sock, buffer, strlen(buffer));  
  
        // 接收反馈  
        memset(buffer, 0, BUF_SIZE);  
        valread = read(sock, buffer, BUF_SIZE - 1);  
        printf("%s\n", buffer);  
  
        // 检查是否猜对  
        if (strstr(buffer, "Correct!") != NULL) {  
            printf("Congratulations! You guessed the number correctly.\n");  
            break;  
        }  
    }  
    // 关闭socket  
    close(sock);    
    return 0;  
}

实验结果：