目录
项目总结
新建一个SpringBoot项目
VerifyCode(生成验证码的工具类)
WebSecurityController控制器
VerifyCodeFilter(自定义过滤器)
WebSecurityConfig配置类
login.html登录页面
项目测试
- 本项目是以上一篇文章的项目为基础,添加了验证码部分的,故此文只贴出添加验证码的核心代码部分,两个项目相同部分代码则省略,详请查阅另一篇文章:http://t.csdnimg.cn/v0vnY
- 项目的功能要逐个添加,慢慢调试代码,先保证项目能成功使用用户名和密码登录,再添加验证码模块,否则一团上,报错后,不容易找到问题所在
- 如果实在找不到错误,不妨推翻重来一遍
- 在Spring Boot项目中添加验证码是一种常见的安全措施,尤其是在登录过程或其他需要身份验证的操作时
项目总结
- 用户请求页面:用户访问登录页面login.html。
- 生成验证码:服务器生成验证码并将其展示在登录页面上,同时将验证码存储在用户会话中以便后续验证。
- 用户提交表单:用户输入用户名、密码以及验证码,并提交登录表单。
- 验证验证码:服务器接收登录请求,首先验证用户输入的验证码是否正确。
- 验证用户名和密码:如果验证码正确,则继续验证用户名和密码;如果验证码错误,则返回错误信息并阻止登录过程。
- 完成认证:如果用户名和密码也正确,则用户登录成功,进入系统;否则,返回错误提示。
新建一个SpringBoot项目
项目结构:
VerifyCode(生成验证码的工具类)
package com.study.security_verifyCode.utils;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* 生成验证码的工具类
*/
public class VerifyCode {
private int width = 100;// 生成验证码图片的宽度
private int height = 50;// 生成验证码图片的高度
private String[] fontNames = { "宋体", "楷体", "隶书", "微软雅黑" };
private Color bgColor = new Color(255, 255, 255);// 定义验证码图片的背景颜色为白色
private Random random = new Random();
private String codes = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
private String text;// 记录随机字符串
/**
* 获取一个随意颜色
*
* @return
*/
private Color randomColor() {
int red = random.nextInt(150);
int green = random.nextInt(150);
int blue = random.nextInt(150);
return new Color(red, green, blue);
}
/**
* 获取一个随机字体
*
* @return
*/
private Font randomFont() {
String name = fontNames[random.nextInt(fontNames.length)];
int style = random.nextInt(4);
int size = random.nextInt(5) + 24;
return new Font(name, style, size);
}
/**
* 获取一个随机字符
*
* @return
*/
private char randomChar() {
return codes.charAt(random.nextInt(codes.length()));
}
/**
* 创建一个空白的BufferedImage对象
*
* @return
*/
private BufferedImage createImage() {
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
g2.setColor(bgColor);// 设置验证码图片的背景颜色
g2.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
return image;
}
public BufferedImage getImage() {
BufferedImage image = createImage();
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
String s = randomChar() + "";
sb.append(s);
g2.setColor(randomColor());
g2.setFont(randomFont());
float x = i * width * 1.0f / 4;
g2.drawString(s, x, height - 15);
}
this.text = sb.toString();
drawLine(image);
return image;
}
/**
* 绘制干扰线
*
* @param image
*/
private void drawLine(BufferedImage image) {
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
int num = 5;
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
int x1 = random.nextInt(width);
int y1 = random.nextInt(height);
int x2 = random.nextInt(width);
int y2 = random.nextInt(height);
g2.setColor(randomColor());
g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1.5f));
g2.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
}
public String getText() {
return text;
}
/**
* 绘制验证码图片
*/
public static void output(BufferedImage image, OutputStream out) throws IOException {
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", out);
}
}
WebSecurityController控制器
package com.study.security_verifyCode.controller;
import com.study.security_verifyCode.utils.VerifyCode;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.Mapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* 1.将configure(HttpSecurity http)方法中设置的不同的URL映射到不同的页面
* 2.方法返回的是视图名称,需要视图解析器将视图名称解析成实际的HTML文件
* 然后访问url就可以跳转到HTML页面了,否则返回的只是一个字符串
* 3.在application.properties配置文件中配置视图解析器,springboot已经默认配置好了,你不用写了
*/
@Controller
public class WebSecurityController {
/**
* 登录后跳转到home.html页面
*/
@GetMapping("/home")
public String home(){
return "home";
}
/**
* 登录页面
*/
@GetMapping("/login")
public String login(){
return "login";//login.html
}
/**
* 当访问/resource时,会重定向到/login,登录后才可以访问受保护的页面resource.html
*/
@GetMapping("/resource")
public String resource(){
return "resource";//resource.html
}
@GetMapping("/verifyCode")
public void code(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
// 创建验证码工具类实例
VerifyCode vc = new VerifyCode();
// 生成验证码图片
BufferedImage image = vc.getImage();
// 获取验证码文本
String text = vc.getText();
// 获取当前HTTP会话对象
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
// 将验证码文本存储到会话中,用于后续验证
session.setAttribute("verify_code",text);
// 将验证码图片写入HTTP响应流,返回给客户端
VerifyCode.output(image,resp.getOutputStream());
}
}
VerifyCodeFilter(自定义过滤器)
package com.study.security_verifyCode.filter;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationServiceException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.filter.GenericFilterBean;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* VerifyCodeFilter 是一个自定义过滤器,用于在用户登录时验证验证码的正确性。
*/
@Component
public class VerifyCodeFilter extends GenericFilterBean {
// 默认处理登录请求的URL
private String defaultFilterProcessUrl = "/login";
/**
* 过滤器的核心方法,用于拦截和处理请求。
*/
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// 将ServletRequest和ServletResponse转换为HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
// 检查请求是否是POST方法,并且请求路径是否匹配登录路径
if ("POST".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getMethod()) && defaultFilterProcessUrl.equals(request.getServletPath())) {
// 获取请求中的验证码和会话中生成的验证码
String requestCaptcha = request.getParameter("code");
String genCaptcha = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("verify_code");
// 验证验证码是否为空
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(requestCaptcha)) {
throw new AuthenticationServiceException("验证码不能为空!");
}
// 验证验证码是否匹配(忽略大小写)
if (!genCaptcha.toLowerCase().equals(requestCaptcha.toLowerCase())) {
throw new AuthenticationServiceException("验证码错误!");
}
}
// 如果验证码正确,则使请求继续往下走
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
WebSecurityConfig配置类
package com.study.security_verifyCode.config;
import com.study.security_verifyCode.config.handler.MyAuthenticationFailureHandler;
import com.study.security_verifyCode.config.handler.MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler;
import com.study.security_verifyCode.filter.VerifyCodeFilter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AuthenticationFailureHandler;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AuthenticationSuccessHandler;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;
@EnableWebSecurity//声明这是一个Spring Security安全配置类,无需再另加注解@Configuration
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler authenticationSuccessHandler;
@Autowired
private MyAuthenticationFailureHandler authenticationFailureHandler;
@Autowired
private VerifyCodeFilter verifyCodeFilter;
//配置当前项目的登录和拦截信息
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//确保在用户尝试进行用户名和密码验证之前,先进行验证码的验证,如果验证码不对,就不需要再验证用户名和密码了
http.addFilterBefore(verifyCodeFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
http.authorizeRequests()
//允许所有用户访问
.antMatchers("/home","/login","/verifyCode").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.formLogin()
.loginPage("/login")//指定登录页面
.loginProcessingUrl("/login")
.successHandler(authenticationSuccessHandler)//验证成功的处理器
.failureHandler(authenticationFailureHandler)//验证失败的处理器
//身份验证成功后默认重定向的页面
.defaultSuccessUrl("/home",true).permitAll()
.and()
.logout().permitAll()
.and()
.csrf().disable();
}
/**
* 密码编码器
*/
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
}
login.html登录页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登录页面</title>
<script>
//点击图片就能更新验证码
function updateVerifyCode() {
// 获取当前时间戳,防止浏览器缓存
const timestamp = new Date().getTime();
// 获取验证码图片元素
const vcImage = document.getElementById('vcImage');
// 更新图片的 src 属性,添加时间戳参数
vcImage.src = `/verifyCode?time=${timestamp}`;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<!-- 当Spring Security验证失败时,会在URL上附加error查询参数,形式为:http://localhost:8080/login?error -->
<div class="error" th:if="${param.error}">用户名或密码错误</div>
<form th:action="@{/login}" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="username">用户名:</label>
<input
id="username"
name="username"
placeholder="请输入用户名"
type="text"
required
/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="password">密码:</label>
<input
id="password"
name="password"
placeholder="请输入密码"
type="password"
required
/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="code">验证码:</label>
<input
id="code"
name="code"
type="text"
placeholder="点击图片更换验证码"
required
/>
<img
id="vcImage"
src="/verifyCode?time="
alt="验证码"
onclick="updateVerifyCode()"
>
</div>
<div class="submit">
<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
项目测试
- 访问网址:http://localhost:8080/login
- 正确登录:
- 验证码错误,控制台会打印出错误信息