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目录
效果展示
代码实现
注意
报错解决（没报错请忽略）
总结
效果展示
代码实现
直接复制使用即可
import random
import string
import os.path
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageFilter
from PIL.ImageDraw import Draw
from PIL.ImageFont import truetype
class Bezier:
def __init__(self):
self.tsequence = tuple([t / 20.0 for t in range(21)])
self.beziers = {}
def pascal_row(self, n):
""" Returns n-th row of Pascal's triangle
"""
result = [1]
x, numerator = 1, n
for denominator in range(1, n // 2 + 1):
x *= numerator
x /= denominator
result.append(x)
numerator -= 1
if n & 1 == 0:
result.extend(reversed(result[:-1]))
else:
result.extend(reversed(result))
return result
def make_bezier(self, n):
try:
return self.beziers[n]
except KeyError:
combinations = self.pascal_row(n - 1)
result = []
for t in self.tsequence:
tpowers = (t ** i for i in range(n))
upowers = ((1 - t) ** i for i in range(n - 1, -1, -1))
coefs = [c * a * b for c, a, b in zip(combinations,
tpowers, upowers)]
result.append(coefs)
self.beziers[n] = result
return result
class Captcha(object):
def __init__(self):
self._bezier = Bezier()
self._dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
# self._captcha_path = os.path.join(self._dir, '..', 'static', 'captcha')
@staticmethod
def instance():
if not hasattr(Captcha, "_instance"):
Captcha._instance = Captcha()
return Captcha._instance
def initialize(self, width=200, height=75, color=None, text=None, fonts=None):
self._text = text if text else random.sample(string.ascii_uppercase + string.ascii_uppercase + '3456789', 4)
self.fonts = fonts if fonts else \
[os.path.join(self._dir, 'fonts', font) for font in os.listdir('fonts')]
self.width = width
self.height = height
self._color = color if color else self.random_color(0, 200, random.randint(220, 255))
@staticmethod
def random_color(start, end, opacity=None):
red = random.randint(start, end)
green = random.randint(start, end)
blue = random.randint(start, end)
if opacity is None:
return red, green, blue
return red, green, blue, opacity
# draw image
def background(self, image):
Draw(image).rectangle([(0, 0), image.size], fill=self.random_color(238, 255))
return image
@staticmethod
def smooth(image):
return image.filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH)
def curve(self, image, width=4, number=6, color=None):
dx, height = image.size
dx /= number
path = [(dx * i, random.randint(0, height))
for i in range(1, number)]
bcoefs = self._bezier.make_bezier(number - 1)
points = []
for coefs in bcoefs:
points.append(tuple(sum([coef * p for coef, p in zip(coefs, ps)])
for ps in zip(*path)))
Draw(image).line(points, fill=color if color else self._color, width=width)
return image
def noise(self, image, number=50, level=2, color=None):
width, height = image.size
dx = width / 10
width -= dx
dy = height / 10
height -= dy
draw = Draw(image)
for i in range(number):
x = int(random.uniform(dx, width))
y = int(random.uniform(dy, height))
draw.line(((x, y), (x + level, y)), fill=color if color else self._color, width=level)
return image
def text(self, image, fonts, font_sizes=None, drawings=None, squeeze_factor=0.75, color=None):
color = color if color else self._color
fonts = tuple([truetype(name, size)
for name in fonts
for size in font_sizes or (65, 70, 75)])
draw = Draw(image)
char_images = []
for c in self._text:
font = random.choice(fonts)
c_width, c_height = draw.textsize(c, font=font)
char_image = Image.new('RGB', (c_width, c_height), (0, 0, 0))
char_draw = Draw(char_image)
char_draw.text((0, 0), c, font=font, fill=color)
char_image = char_image.crop(char_image.getbbox())
for drawing in drawings:
d = getattr(self, drawing)
char_image = d(char_image)
char_images.append(char_image)
width, height = image.size
offset = int((width - sum(int(i.size[0] * squeeze_factor)
for i in char_images[:-1]) -
char_images[-1].size[0]) / 2)
for char_image in char_images:
c_width, c_height = char_image.size
mask = char_image.convert('L').point(lambda i: i * 1.97)
image.paste(char_image,
(offset, int((height - c_height) / 2)),
mask)
offset += int(c_width * squeeze_factor)
return image
# draw text
@staticmethod
def warp(image, dx_factor=0.27, dy_factor=0.21):
width, height = image.size
dx = width * dx_factor
dy = height * dy_factor
x1 = int(random.uniform(-dx, dx))
y1 = int(random.uniform(-dy, dy))
x2 = int(random.uniform(-dx, dx))
y2 = int(random.uniform(-dy, dy))
image2 = Image.new('RGB',
(width + abs(x1) + abs(x2),
height + abs(y1) + abs(y2)))
image2.paste(image, (abs(x1), abs(y1)))
width2, height2 = image2.size
return image2.transform(
(width, height), Image.QUAD,
(x1, y1,
-x1, height2 - y2,
width2 + x2, height2 + y2,
width2 - x2, -y1))
@staticmethod
def offset(image, dx_factor=0.1, dy_factor=0.2):
width, height = image.size
dx = int(random.random() * width * dx_factor)
dy = int(random.random() * height * dy_factor)
image2 = Image.new('RGB', (width + dx, height + dy))
image2.paste(image, (dx, dy))
return image2
@staticmethod
def rotate(image, angle=25):
return image.rotate(
random.uniform(-angle, angle), Image.BILINEAR, expand=1)
def captcha(self, path=None, fmt='JPEG'):
"""Create a captcha.
Args:
path: save path, default None.
fmt: image format, PNG / JPEG.
Returns:
A tuple, (name, text, StringIO.value).
For example:
('fXZJN4AFxHGoU5mIlcsdOypa', 'JGW9', '\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n\x00\x00\x00\r...')
"""
image = Image.new('RGB', (self.width, self.height), (255, 255, 255))
image = self.background(image)
image = self.text(image, self.fonts, drawings=['warp', 'rotate', 'offset'])
image = self.curve(image)
image = self.noise(image)
image = self.smooth(image)
name = "".join(random.sample(string.ascii_lowercase + string.ascii_uppercase + '3456789', 24))
text = "".join(self._text)
out = BytesIO()
image.save(out, format=fmt)
if path:
image.save(os.path.join(path, name), fmt)
return name, text, out.getvalue()
def generate_captcha(self):
self.initialize()
return self.captcha("")
captcha = Captcha.instance()
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 调用该函数即可生成验证码图片
# 返回结果是包含了3个参数的元组，分别是验证码图片的id、验证码文本、图片的二进制数据
print(captcha.generate_captcha())
# 测试生成10张验证码图片并保存
for i in range(10):
img = captcha.generate_captcha()
with open(f'{i}.jpg', 'wb') as f:
f.write(img[2])
通过调用 captcha.generate_captcha() 函数即可生成验证码图片。
代码运行输出：
注意
这里需要字体文件来生成验证码的文本。
将字体文件放在跟代码同一目录的fonts文件夹下，上述代码即是captcha.py文件内容，如：
字体文件可以自行去网上下载，或直接复制电脑自带的字体文件。
这里以window系统为例：
按照路径找到该Fonts文件夹
打开该Fonts文件夹，
自行选择想要使用的字体样式文件复制到fonts文件夹下即可运行。
报错解决（没报错请忽略）
原因：pillow库版本太新，降低一些即可。
解决：
pip install pillow==9.5.0总结
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