前言
由于网站注册入口容易被黑客攻击,存在如下安全问题:
- 暴力破解密码,造成用户信息泄露
- 短信盗刷的安全问题,影响业务及导致用户投诉
- 带来经济损失,尤其是后付费客户,风险巨大,造成亏损无底洞
所以大部分网站及App 都采取图形验证码或滑动验证码等交互解决方案, 但在机器学习能力提高的当下,连百度这样的大厂都遭受攻击导致点名批评, 图形验证及交互验证方式的安全性到底如何? 请看具体分析
一、 荷包支付PC 注册入口
简介: 荷包支付,是中国移动旗下的支付公司,中移电子商务有限公司(中移支付)是中国移动通信集团公司2011年应中国人民银行监管要求,委托湖南移动注册成立的全资子公司。公司于2011年12月获得第三方支付牌照,成为中国移动旗下唯一的支付公司,承担全国和包支付平台建设、产品研发及业务运营。
1. 注册引导页
2. 会员注页面
二、 安全性分析报告:
荷包支付采用的是网易易盾的滑动验证码,容易被模拟器绕过甚至逆向后暴力攻击,滑动拼图识别率在 95% 以上。
三、 测试方法:
前端界面分析,这网易易盾的滑动验证码,网上存在不少的破解文章,没什么难度 , 这次还是采用模拟器的方式,关键点主要模拟器交互、距离识别和轨道算法3部分 。
- 模拟器交互部分
public RetEntity send(WebDriver driver, String areaCode, String phone) {
WebElement phoneElemet, moveElemet, nameElemet, bg;
By moveBy, bgimg;
String base64Str = null, moveStr = null;
String name = "张三";
Actions actions;
try {
driver.get(INDEX_URL);
Thread.sleep(1000);
// 输入手机号
phoneElemet = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.id("MBL_NO"), 500);
phoneElemet.clear();
for (int i = 0; i < phone.length(); i++) {
char c = phone.charAt(i);
phoneElemet.sendKeys(c + "");
phoneElemet.click();
}
Thread.sleep(2000);
nameElemet = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.id("USER_NM"), 500);
nameElemet.clear();
for (int i = 0; i < name.length(); i++) {
char c = name.charAt(i);
nameElemet.sendKeys(c + "");
nameElemet.click();
}
Thread.sleep(2000);
// 获取滑动按钮
moveBy = By.className("verify-move-block");
moveElemet = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, moveBy, 400);
if (moveElemet == null) {
return null;
} else {
actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.clickAndHold(moveElemet).perform();
}
Thread.sleep(2000);
// 获取带阴影的背景图
bgimg = By.xpath("//img[@class='backImg']");
bg = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, bgimg, 400);
base64Str = bg.getAttribute("src");
System.out.println("bUrl=" + base64Str);
if (base64Str == null) {
return null;
}
byte[] bigBytes = (base64Str != null) ? GetImage.imgStrToByte(base64Str.substring(base64Str.indexOf(",") + 1)) : null;
int bigLen = (bigBytes != null) ? bigBytes.length : 0;
System.out.println("1. getPic bigLen=" + bigLen);
// 获取小图
WebElement smallElement = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.xpath("//img[@class='bock-backImg']"), 1);
String smallBase64 = smallElement.getAttribute("src");
byte[] smallBytes = (smallBase64 != null) ? GetImage.imgStrToByte(smallBase64.substring(smallBase64.indexOf(",") + 1)) : null;
// 计算匹配到的位置
String ckSum = GenChecksumUtil.genChecksum(bigBytes);
String[] openRet = cv2.getOpenCvDistance(ckSum, bigBytes, smallBytes, "cmpay.com", 0);
String openWidth = openRet != null ? openRet[0] : null;
String openDistance = openRet != null ? openRet[1] : null;
Double openDistanceD = (openDistance != null && openWidth != null) ? (Double.parseDouble(openDistance) - Double.parseDouble(openWidth)) * 280 / 310 : null;
int distance = openDistanceD.intValue();
System.out.println("getMoveDistance() distance=" + distance);
if (distance == 0) {
System.out.println("err distance=" + distance);
return null;
}
// 滑动
ActionMove.move(driver, moveElemet, distance);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
WebElement msgElement = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.xpath("//span[@class='verify-tips suc-bg']"), 1);
moveStr = (msgElement != null) ? msgElement.getText() : null;
if (moveStr != null) {
break;
} else {
Thread.sleep(100);
}
}
RetEntity retEntity = new RetEntity();
// 滑动结果
if (moveStr != null && moveStr.contains("验证成功")) {
WebElement smsElement = driver.findElement(By.id("getSmsCode"));
smsElement.click();
Thread.sleep(1000);
String sendBack = smsElement.getText();
System.out.println("moveStr=" + moveStr + " -> sendBack=" + sendBack);
retEntity.setRet(0);
retEntity.setMsg("成功");
} else {
retEntity.setRet(-1);
retEntity.setMsg("失败");
}
return retEntity;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("send() phone=" + phone + ",e=" + e.toString());
StringBuffer er = new StringBuffer("send() " + e.toString() + "\n");
for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace())
er.append(elment.toString() + "\n");
System.out.println(er.toString());
return null;
}
}
2. 距离识别
/**
*
* @param ckSum
* @param bigBytes
* @param smallBytes
* @param factory
* @return { width, maxX }
*/
public String[] getOpenCvDistance(String ckSum, byte bigBytes[], byte smallBytes[], String factory, int border) {
try {
String basePath = ConstTable.codePath + factory + "/";
File baseFile = new File(basePath);
if (!baseFile.isDirectory()) {
baseFile.mkdirs();
}
// 小图文件
File smallFile = new File(basePath + ckSum + "_s.png");
FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(smallFile, smallBytes);
// 大图文件
File bigFile = new File(basePath + ckSum + "_b.png");
FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(bigFile, bigBytes);
// 边框清理(去干扰)
byte[] clearBoder = (border > 0) ? ImageIOHelper.clearBoder(smallBytes, border) : smallBytes;
File tpFile = new File(basePath + ckSum + "_t.png");
FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(tpFile, clearBoder);
String resultFile = basePath + ckSum + "_o.png";
return getWidth(tpFile.getAbsolutePath(), bigFile.getAbsolutePath(), resultFile);
} catch (Throwable e) {
logger.error("getMoveDistance() ckSum=" + ckSum + " " + e.toString());
for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace()) {
logger.error(elment.toString());
}
return null;
}
}
/**
* Open Cv 图片模板匹配
*
* @param tpPath
* 模板图片路径
* @param bgPath
* 目标图片路径
* @return { width, maxX }
*/
private String[] getWidth(String tpPath, String bgPath, String resultFile) {
try {
Rect rectCrop = clearWhite(tpPath);
Mat g_tem = Imgcodecs.imread(tpPath);
Mat clearMat = g_tem.submat(rectCrop);
Mat cvt = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(clearMat, cvt, Imgproc.COLOR_RGB2GRAY);
Mat edgesSlide = new Mat();
Imgproc.Canny(cvt, edgesSlide, threshold1, threshold2);
Mat cvtSlide = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(edgesSlide, cvtSlide, Imgproc.COLOR_GRAY2RGB);
Imgcodecs.imwrite(tpPath, cvtSlide);
Mat g_b = Imgcodecs.imread(bgPath);
Mat edgesBg = new Mat();
Imgproc.Canny(g_b, edgesBg, threshold1, threshold2);
Mat cvtBg = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(edgesBg, cvtBg, Imgproc.COLOR_GRAY2RGB);
int result_rows = cvtBg.rows() - cvtSlide.rows() + 1;
int result_cols = cvtBg.cols() - cvtSlide.cols() + 1;
Mat g_result = new Mat(result_rows, result_cols, CvType.CV_32FC1);
Imgproc.matchTemplate(cvtBg, cvtSlide, g_result, Imgproc.TM_CCOEFF_NORMED); // 归一化平方差匹配法
// 归一化相关匹配法
MinMaxLocResult minMaxLoc = Core.minMaxLoc(g_result);
Point maxLoc = minMaxLoc.maxLoc;
Imgproc.rectangle(cvtBg, maxLoc, new Point(maxLoc.x + cvtSlide.cols(), maxLoc.y + cvtSlide.rows()), new Scalar(0, 0, 255), 1);
Imgcodecs.imwrite(resultFile, cvtBg);
String width = String.valueOf(cvtSlide.cols());
String maxX = String.valueOf(maxLoc.x + cvtSlide.cols());
System.out.println("OpenCv2.getWidth() width=" + width + ",maxX=" + maxX);
return new String[] { width, maxX };
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.out.println("getWidth() " + e.toString());
logger.error("getWidth() " + e.toString());
for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace()) {
logger.error(elment.toString());
}
return null;
}
}
public Rect clearWhite(String smallPath) {
try {
Mat matrix = Imgcodecs.imread(smallPath);
int rows = matrix.rows();// height -> y
int cols = matrix.cols();// width -> x
System.out.println("OpenCv2.clearWhite() rows=" + rows + ",cols=" + cols);
Double rgb;
double[] arr;
int minX = 255;
int minY = 255;
int maxX = 0;
int maxY = 0;
Color c;
for (int x = 0; x < cols; x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < rows; y++) {
arr = matrix.get(y, x);
rgb = 0.00;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
rgb += arr[i];
}
c = new Color(rgb.intValue());
int b = c.getBlue();
int r = c.getRed();
int g = c.getGreen();
int sum = r + g + b;
if (sum >= 5) {
if (x <= minX)
minX = x;
else if (x >= maxX)
maxX = x;
if (y <= minY)
minY = y;
else if (y >= maxY)
maxY = y;
}
}
}
int boder = 1;
if (boder > 0) {
minX = (minX > boder) ? minX - boder : 0;
maxX = (maxX + boder < cols) ? maxX + boder : cols;
minY = (minY > boder) ? minY - boder : 0;
maxY = (maxY + boder < rows) ? maxY + boder : rows;
}
int width = (maxX - minX);
int height = (maxY - minY);
System.out.println("openCv2 minX=" + minX + ",minY=" + minY + ",maxX=" + maxX + ",maxY=" + maxY + "->width=" + width + ",height=" + height);
Rect rectCrop = new Rect(minX, minY, width, height);
return rectCrop;
} catch (Throwable e) {
StringBuffer er = new StringBuffer("clearWrite() " + e.toString() + "\n");
for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace()) {
er.append(elment.toString() + "\n");
}
logger.error(er.toString());
System.out.println(er.toString());
return null;
}
}
3. 轨道生成及移动算法
/**
* 双轴轨道生成算法,主要实现平滑加速和减速
*
* @param distance
* @return
*/
public static List<Integer[]> getXyTrack(int distance) {
List<Integer[]> track = new ArrayList<Integer[]>();// 移动轨迹
try {
int a = (int) (distance / 3.0) + random.nextInt(10);
int h = 0, current = 0;// 已经移动的距离
BigDecimal midRate = new BigDecimal(0.7 + (random.nextInt(10) / 100.00)).setScale(4, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
BigDecimal mid = new BigDecimal(distance).multiply(midRate).setScale(0, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);// 减速阈值
BigDecimal move = null;// 每次循环移动的距离
List<Integer[]> subList = new ArrayList<Integer[]>();// 移动轨迹
boolean plus = true;
Double t = 0.18, v = 0.00, v0;
while (current <= distance) {
h = random.nextInt(2);
if (current > distance / 2) {
h = h * -1;
}
v0 = v;
v = v0 + a * t;
move = new BigDecimal(v0 * t + 1 / 2 * a * t * t).setScale(4, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);// 加速
if (move.intValue() < 1)
move = new BigDecimal(1L);
if (plus) {
track.add(new Integer[] { move.intValue(), h });
} else {
subList.add(0, new Integer[] { move.intValue(), h });
}
current += move.intValue();
if (plus && current >= mid.intValue()) {
plus = false;
move = new BigDecimal(0L);
v = 0.00;
}
}
track.addAll(subList);
int bk = current - distance;
if (bk > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < bk; i++) {
track.add(new Integer[] { -1, h });
}
}
System.out.println("getMoveTrack(" + midRate + ") a=" + a + ",distance=" + distance + " -> mid=" + mid.intValue() + " size=" + track.size());
return track;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.print(e.toString());
return null;
}
}
/**
* 模拟人工移动
*
* @param driver
* @param element页面滑块
* @param distance需要移动距离
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static void move(WebDriver driver, WebElement element, int distance) throws InterruptedException {
List<Integer[]> track = getXyTrack(distance);
if (track == null || track.size() < 1) {
System.out.println("move() track=" + track);
}
int moveY, moveX;
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
try {
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.clickAndHold(element).perform();
Thread.sleep(50);
long begin, cost;
Integer[] move;
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < track.size(); i++) {
begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
move = track.get(i);
moveX = move[0];
sum += moveX;
moveY = move[1];
if (moveX < 0) {
if (sb.length() > 0) {
sb.append(",");
}
sb.append(moveX);
}
actions.moveByOffset(moveX, moveY).perform();
cost = System.currentTimeMillis() - begin;
if (cost < 5) {
Thread.sleep(5 - cost);
}
}
if (sb.length() > 0) {
System.out.println("-----backspace[" + sb.toString() + "]sum=" + sum + ",distance=" + distance);
}
Thread.sleep(180);
actions.release(element).perform();
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (Exception e) {
StringBuffer er = new StringBuffer("move() " + e.toString() + "\n");
for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace())
er.append(elment.toString() + "\n");
logger.error(er.toString());
System.out.println(er.toString());
}
}
4. 图片比对结果测试样例:
四丶结语
荷包支付作为支付行业的翘楚,依托移动老大哥的资源,技术实力雄厚, 人才济济,采用的是通俗的滑动验证产品, 在一定程度上提高了用户体验, 不过随着图形识别技术及机器学习能力的提升,所以在网上破解的文章和教学视频也是大量存在,并且经过验证的确有效, 所以除了滑动验证方式, 花样百出的产品层出不穷,但本质就是牺牲用户体验来提高安全。
很多人在短信服务刚开始建设的阶段,可能不会在安全方面考虑太多,理由有很多。
比如:“ 需求这么赶,当然是先实现功能啊 ”,“ 业务量很小啦,系统就这么点人用,不怕的 ” , “ 我们怎么会被盯上呢,不可能的 ”等等。有一些理由虽然有道理,但是该来的总是会来的。前期欠下来的债,总是要还的。越早还,问题就越小,损失就越低。
所以大家在安全方面还是要重视。(血淋淋的栗子!)#安全短信#
戳这里→康康你手机号在过多少网站注册过!!!
谷歌图形验证码在AI 面前已经形同虚设,所以谷歌宣布退出验证码服务, 那么当所有的图形验证码都被破解时,大家又该如何做好防御呢?
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