题目：

题解：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode *root) {
        vector<int> res;
        if (root == nullptr) {
            return res;
        }

        TreeNode *p1 = root, *p2 = nullptr;

        while (p1 != nullptr) {
            p2 = p1->left;
            if (p2 != nullptr) {
                while (p2->right != nullptr && p2->right != p1) {
                    p2 = p2->right;
                }
                if (p2->right == nullptr) {
                    res.emplace_back(p1->val);
                    p2->right = p1;
                    p1 = p1->left;
                    continue;
                } else {
                    p2->right = nullptr;
                }
            } else {
                res.emplace_back(p1->val);
            }
            p1 = p1->right;
        }
        return res;
    }
};