参考：linux dhcp配置多vlan ip_linux 接口vlan-CSDN博客

配置静态IP地址：

给固定的MAC地址分配指定的IP地址，固定的IP地址不必包含在指定的IP池中，如果包含在IP地址池中，固定的IP地址会从IP地址池中移除

配置方法：

subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    option domain-name-servers 192.168.2.1;
    option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
    max-lease-time 2592000;
    default-lease-time 2592000;
	
	#指定分配的ip范围，可以跳过一些地址
    range 192.168.2.30 192.168.2.100;
    range 192.168.2.150 192.168.2.200;
    #指定网关
    option routers 192.168.2.1;
		
}

host pc1 {
	hardware ethernet 00:11:22:33:44:55;
	fixed-address 192.168.2.222;
}

也可以将固定IP的配置section放置在subnet区域

subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    option domain-name-servers 192.168.2.1;
    option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
    max-lease-time 2592000;
    default-lease-time 2592000;
	
	#指定分配的ip范围，可以跳过一些地址
    range 192.168.2.30 192.168.2.100;
    range 192.168.2.150 192.168.2.200;
    #指定网关
    option routers 192.168.2.1;
	
	host pc1 {
		hardware ethernet 00:11:22:33:44:55;
		fixed-address 192.168.2.222;
	}	
}

当存在多个host需要固定IP的时候，可以使用group进行分组，也可以不分组，分组的形式如下：

subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    option domain-name-servers 192.168.2.1;
    option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
    max-lease-time 2592000;
    default-lease-time 2592000;
	
	#指定分配的ip范围，可以跳过一些地址
    range 192.168.2.30 192.168.2.100;
    range 192.168.2.150 192.168.2.200;
    #指定网关
    option routers 192.168.2.1;
	
	group {
   
	host pc1 {
	hardware ethernet 00:11:22:33:44:55;
	fixed-address 192.168.2.66;
	} 
	
	host pc2 {
	hardware ethernet 66:77:88:99:AA:BB;
	fixed-address 192.168.2.69;
	}
	
   }
}

还可以将group配置在subnet section 之外

subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    option domain-name-servers 192.168.2.1;
    option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
    max-lease-time 2592000;
    default-lease-time 2592000;
	
	#指定分配的ip范围，可以跳过一些地址
    range 192.168.2.30 192.168.2.100;
    range 192.168.2.150 192.168.2.200;
    #指定网关
    option routers 192.168.2.1;
	
}

group {

	host pc1 {
		hardware ethernet 00:11:22:33:44:55;
		fixed-address 192.168.2.66;
	} 

	host pc2 {
		hardware ethernet 66:77:88:99:AA:BB;
		fixed-address 192.168.2.69;
	}

}

以上四种配置，都已验证过，都可以正常获取固定IP

# dhcp 服务器查看哪个MAC地址已使用IP

less /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases

# 查看dhcp服务器已分配的IP地址

cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases|grep -o '\<[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\>'

# # 查看dhcp服务器已分配的IP地址对应的MAC

cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases|grep -o '\<[0-9a-f]\{2\}:[0-9a-f]\{2\}:[0-9a-f]\{2\}:[0-9a-f]\{2\}:[0-9a-f]\{2\}:[0-9a-f]\{2\}\>'