文章目录

计算机系统
- 5G云计算
- - 第三章 LINUX Kubernetes kubeadm部署
  - - 一、kubeadm搭建 Kubernetes v1.20（一主两从）
    - - 1.环境准备
      - 2.所有节点安装docker
      - 3.所有节点安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl
      - 4.部署K8S集群
    - 二、kubeadm搭建 Kubernetes v1.20（高可用集群部署）
    - - 1.环境准备
      - 2.所有节点安装docker
      - 3.所有节点安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl
      - 4.高可用组件安装、配置
      - 5.部署K8S集群

计算机系统

5G云计算

第三章 LINUX Kubernetes kubeadm部署

一、kubeadm搭建 Kubernetes v1.20（一主两从）

集群服务器主机名	集群服务器IP	集群服务器运行服务
master（2C/4G，cpu核心数要求大于2）	192.168.58.66	docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node01（2C/2G）	192.168.58.67	docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node02（2C/2G）	192.168.58.68	docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel

1、在所有节点上安装Docker和kubeadm
2、部署Kubernetes Master
3、部署容器网络插件
4、部署 Kubernetes Node，将节点加入Kubernetes集群中
5、部署 Dashboard Web 页面，可视化查看Kubernetes资源
6、部署 Harbor 私有仓库，存放镜像资源

1.环境准备

#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X

#关闭selinux
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

#关闭swap
swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab 

#加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done

#根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master01
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02

#在所有节点添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.58.66 master01
192.168.58.67 node01
192.168.58.68 node02
EOF

#调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式，可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
#关闭ipv6协议
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF

sysctl --system

#时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com

在这里插入图片描述

2.所有节点安装docker

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

mkdir -p /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://1vrc9itm.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "500m", "max-file": "3"
  }
}
EOF
#使用Systemd管理的Cgroup来进行资源控制与管理，因为相对Cgroupfs而言，Systemd限制CPU、内存等资源更加简单和成熟稳定。
#日志使用json-file格式类型存储，大小为100M，保存在/var/log/containers目录下，方便ELK等日志系统收集和管理日志。

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service 

docker info | grep "Cgroup Driver"
Cgroup Driver: systemd

在这里插入图片描述

3.所有节点安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

###定义kubernetes源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

yum install -y kubelet-1.20.15 kubeadm-1.20.15 kubectl-1.20.15

###开机自启kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet.service
#K8S通过kubeadm安装出来以后都是以Pod方式存在，即底层是以容器方式运行，所以kubelet必须设置开机自启

在这里插入图片描述

4.部署K8S集群

###查看初始化需要的镜像
kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version 1.20.15

###在 master 节点上传 v1.20.15.zip 压缩包至 /opt 目录
unzip v1.20.15.zip -d /opt/k8s
cd /opt/k8s/
for i in $(ls *.tar); do docker load -i $i; done

###复制镜像和脚本到 node 节点，并在 node 节点上执行脚本加载镜像文件
scp -r /opt/k8s root@node01:/opt
scp -r /opt/k8s root@node02:/opt

###初始化kubeadm
方法一：
mkdir -p /opt/k8s/
kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/k8s/kubeadm-config.yaml

cd /opt/k8s/
vim kubeadm-config.yaml
......
11 localAPIEndpoint:
12   advertiseAddress: 192.168.58.66		#指定master节点的IP地址
13   bindPort: 6443
......
32 imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers          #指定拉取镜像的仓库，默认是k8s.gcr.io
33 kind: ClusterConfiguration
34 kubernetesVersion: v1.20.15				#指定kubernetes版本号
35 networking:
36   dnsDomain: cluster.local
37   podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"				#指定pod网段，10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段
38   serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16			#指定service网段
39 scheduler: {}
#末尾再添加以下内容
--- 
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs									#把默认的kube-proxy调度方式改为ipvs模式


###在线拉取镜像
kubeadm config images pull --config /opt/k8s/kubeadm-config.yaml

###初始化 master
kubeadm init --config=/opt/k8s/kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs | tee ./kubeadm-init.log
#--upload-certs 参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件
#tee kubeadm-init.log 用以输出日志

###查看 kubeadm-init 日志
less kubeadm-init.log

//kubernetes配置文件目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/

###存放ca等证书和密码的目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/pki		


方法二：
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.58.66 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version=v1.20.15 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--token-ttl=0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
初始化集群需使用kubeadm init命令，可以指定具体参数初始化，也可以指定配置文件初始化。
可选参数：
--apiserver-advertise-address：apiserver通告给其他组件的IP地址，一般应该为Master节点的用于集群内部通信的IP地址，0.0.0.0表示节点上所有可用地址
--apiserver-bind-port：apiserver的监听端口，默认是6443
--cert-dir：通讯的ssl证书文件，默认/etc/kubernetes/pki
--control-plane-endpoint：控制台平面的共享终端，可以是负载均衡的ip地址或者dns域名，高可用集群时需要添加
--image-repository：拉取镜像的镜像仓库，默认是k8s.gcr.io
--kubernetes-version：指定kubernetes版本
--pod-network-cidr：pod资源的网段，需与pod网络插件的值设置一致。Flannel网络插件的默认为10.244.0.0/16，Calico插件的默认值为192.168.0.0/16；
--service-cidr：service资源的网段
--service-dns-domain：service全域名的后缀，默认是cluster.local
--token-ttl：默认token的有效期为24小时，如果不想过期，可以加上 --token-ttl=0 这个参数
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

方法二初始化后需要修改 kube-proxy 的 configmap，开启 ipvs
kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n=kube-system
修改mode: ipvs



提示：
......
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.58.66:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9faed9e2c0c520bc98cecfc29e3b0e1507c39ced515ccf387370dddc894c6e1f 



###设定kubectl
kubectl需经由API server认证及授权后方能执行相应的管理操作，kubeadm 部署的集群为其生成了一个具有管理员权限的认证配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf，它可由 kubectl 通过默认的 “$HOME/.kube/config” 的路径进行加载。

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config


###如果 kubectl get cs 发现集群不健康，更改以下两个文件
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml 
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
# 修改如下内容
把--bind-address=127.0.0.1变成--bind-address=192.168.58.66		#修改成k8s的控制节点master01的ip
把httpGet:字段下的hosts由127.0.0.1变成192.168.58.66（有两处）
#- --port=0					# 搜索port=0，把这一行注释掉

systemctl restart kubelet


###所有节点部署网络插件flannel
方法一：
###所有节点上传 flannel 镜像 flannel.tar 和网络插件 cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz 到 /opt 目录，master节点上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件
cd /opt
docker load -i flannel.tar
docker load -i flannel-cni-plugin.tar

mv /opt/cni /opt/cni_bak
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

###在 master 节点创建 flannel 资源
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml 


方法二：
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml


###在 node 节点上执行 kubeadm join 命令加入群集
kubeadm join 192.168.58.66:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9faed9e2c0c520bc98cecfc29e3b0e1507c39ced515ccf387370dddc894c6e1f


###在master节点查看节点状态
kubectl get nodes

kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-bccdc95cf-c9w6l          1/1     Running   0          71m
coredns-bccdc95cf-nql5j          1/1     Running   0          71m
etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0          71m
kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0          70m
kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0          70m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-kfhwf      1/1     Running   0          2m53s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-qkdfh      1/1     Running   0          46m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-vffxv      1/1     Running   0          2m56s
kube-proxy-558p8                 1/1     Running   0          2m53s
kube-proxy-nwd7g                 1/1     Running   0          2m56s
kube-proxy-qpz8t                 1/1     Running   0          71m
kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0          70m

在这里插入图片描述

二、kubeadm搭建 Kubernetes v1.20（高可用集群部署）

集群服务器主机名	集群服务器IP	集群服务器运行服务
master01（2C/4G，cpu核心数要求大于2）	192.168.58.66	docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
master02（2C/4G，cpu核心数要求大于2）	192.168.58.64	docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
master03（2C/4G，cpu核心数要求大于2）	192.168.58.65	docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node01（2C/2G）	192.168.58.67	docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node02（2C/2G）	192.168.58.68	docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel

注意事项：
master节点cpu核心数要求大于2
●最新的版本不一定好，但相对于旧版本，核心功能稳定，但新增功能、接口相对不稳
●学会一个版本的 高可用部署，其他版本操作都差不多
●宿主机尽量升级到CentOS 7.9
●内核kernel升级到 4.19+ 这种稳定的内核
●部署k8s版本时，尽量找 1.xx.5 这种大于5的小版本（这种一般是比较稳定的版本）

1.环境准备

###所有节点，关闭防火墙规则，关闭selinux，关闭swap交换
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X
swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab


###修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master01
hostnamectl set-hostname master02
hostnamectl set-hostname master03
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02

###在所有节点添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.58.66 master01
192.168.58.64 master02
192.168.58.65 master03
192.168.58.67 node01
192.168.58.68 node02
EOF

###所有节点时间同步
yum -y install ntpdate
ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com

systemctl enable --now crond

crontab -e
*/30 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com

###所有节点实现Linux的资源限制
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited

###所有节点升级内核
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm -O /opt/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm -O /opt/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm

cd /opt/
yum localinstall -y kernel-ml*

#更改内核启动方式
grub2-set-default 0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)"
grubby --default-kernel
reboot


###调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF

#生效参数
sysctl --system  


###加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done

在这里插入图片描述

2.所有节点安装docker

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https:###mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://1vrc9itm.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "500m", "max-file": "3"
  }
}
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service 

docker info | grep "Cgroup Driver"
Cgroup Driver: systemd

在这里插入图片描述

3.所有节点安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

###定义kubernetes源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https:###mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https:###mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https:###mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

yum install -y kubelet-1.20.15 kubeadm-1.20.15 kubectl-1.20.15

#配置Kubelet使用阿里云的pause镜像
cat > /etc/sysconfig/kubelet <<EOF
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.2"
EOF

###开机自启kubelet
systemctl enable --now kubelet

在这里插入图片描述

4.高可用组件安装、配置

###所有 master 节点部署 Haproxy
yum -y install haproxy keepalived

cat > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg << EOF
global
    log         127.0.0.1 local0 info
    log         127.0.0.1 local1 warning
    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     4000
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon
    stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats

defaults
    mode                    tcp
    log                     global
    option                  tcplog
    option                  dontlognull
    option                  redispatch
    retries                 3
    timeout queue           1m
    timeout connect         10s
    timeout client          1m
    timeout server          1m
    timeout check           10s
    maxconn                 3000

frontend monitor-in
    bind *:33305
    mode http
    option httplog
    monitor-uri /monitor

frontend k8s-master
    bind *:16443
    mode tcp
    option tcplog
    default_backend k8s-master

backend k8s-master
    mode tcp
    option tcplog
    option tcp-check
    balance roundrobin
    server k8s-master1 192.168.58.66:6443  check inter 10000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
    server k8s-master2 192.168.58.64:6443  check inter 10000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
    server k8s-master3 192.168.58.65:6443  check inter 10000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
EOF


###所有 master 节点部署 keepalived
yum -y install keepalived

cd /etc/keepalived/
vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_HA1			#路由标识符，每个节点配置不同
}

vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_haproxy.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER				#本机实例状态，MASTER/BACKUP，备机配置文件中设置BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100				#本机初始权重，备机设置小于主机的值
    advert_int 1
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.58.100          #设置VIP地址
    }
    track_script {
        chk_haproxy
    }
}


vim check_haproxy.sh
#!/bin/bash
if ! killall -0 haproxy; then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi


systemctl enable --now haproxy
systemctl enable --now keepalived

在这里插入图片描述

5.部署K8S集群

###在 master01 节点上设置集群初始化配置文件
kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml

cd /opt/
vim kubeadm-config.yaml
......
11 localAPIEndpoint:
12   advertiseAddress: 192.168.58.66		#指定当前master节点的IP地址
13   bindPort: 6443

21 apiServer:
22   certSANs:								#在apiServer属性下面添加一个certsSANs的列表，添加所有master节点的IP地址和集群VIP地址
23   - 192.168.58.100
24   - 192.168.58.66
25   - 192.168.58.64
26   - 192.168.58.65

30 clusterName: kubernetes
31 controlPlaneEndpoint: "192.168.58.100:6443"		#指定集群VIP地址
32 controllerManager: {}

38 imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers			#指定镜像下载地址
39 kind: ClusterConfiguration
40 kubernetesVersion: v1.20.15				#指定kubernetes版本号
41 networking:
42   dnsDomain: cluster.local
43   podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"				#指定pod网段，10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段
44   serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16			#指定service网段
45 scheduler: {}
#末尾再添加以下内容
--- 
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs									#把默认的kube-proxy调度方式改为ipvs模式


#更新集群初始化配置文件
kubeadm config migrate --old-config kubeadm-config.yaml --new-config new.yaml


###所有节点拉取镜像
#拷贝yaml配置文件给其他主机，通过配置文件进行拉取镜像
for i in master02 master03 node01 node02; do scp /opt/new.yaml $i:/opt/; done

kubeadm config images pull --config /opt/new.yaml


###master01 节点进行初始化
kubeadm init --config new.yaml --upload-certs | tee ./kubeadm-init.log
#提示：
.........
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of the control-plane node running the following command on each as root:
#master节点加入使用的命令，记录！
kubeadm join 192.168.58.100:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5e7cebd007624cb5c545ba77f7c16208bb9a7b1c94f6a8e86a9840d9055b6f67 \
    --control-plane --certificate-key ce16552f53709e017e66ffbd10310ad0980cb5223881da39885e731495f287ba

Please note that the certificate-key gives access to cluster sensitive data, keep it secret!
As a safeguard, uploaded-certs will be deleted in two hours; If necessary, you can use
"kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs" to reload certs afterward.

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
#node节点加入使用的命令。记录！
kubeadm join 192.168.58.100:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5e7cebd007624cb5c545ba77f7c16208bb9a7b1c94f6a8e86a9840d9055b6f67 

#若初始化失败，进行的操作
kubeadm reset -f
ipvsadm --clear 
rm -rf ~/.kube
再次进行初始化


###master01 节点进行环境配置
#配置 kubectl
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

#修改controller-manager和scheduler配置文件
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml 
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
......
    #- --port=0					#搜索port=0，把这一行注释掉

systemctl restart kubelet

#部署网络插件flannel
所有节点上传 flannel 镜像 flannel.tar 和网络插件 cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz 到 /opt 目录，master节点上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件
cd /opt
docker load -i flannel.tar
docker load -i flannel-cni-plugin.tar

mv /opt/cni /opt/cni_bak
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml 


###所有节点加入集群
#master 节点加入集群
kubeadm join 192.168.58.100:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5e7cebd007624cb5c545ba77f7c16208bb9a7b1c94f6a8e86a9840d9055b6f67 \
    --control-plane --certificate-key ce16552f53709e017e66ffbd10310ad0980cb5223881da39885e731495f287ba
172f834e237fcca8a02e7c29500746594c25d995b78c92dde96

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

#node 节点加入集群
kubeadm join 192.168.58.100:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:5e7cebd007624cb5c545ba77f7c16208bb9a7b1c94f6a8e86a9840d9055b6f67 


#在 master01 查看集群信息
kubectl get nodes
NAME       STATUS   ROLES                  AGE    VERSION
master01   Ready    control-plane,master   2h5m   v1.20.15
master02   Ready    control-plane,master   2h5m   v1.20.15
master03   Ready    control-plane,master   2h5m   v1.20.15
node01     Ready    <none>                 2h5m   v1.20.15
node02     Ready    <none>                 2h5m   v1.20.15


kubectl get pod -n kube-system 
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-74ff55c5b-4fg44            1/1     Running   2          2h5m
coredns-74ff55c5b-jsdxz            1/1     Running   0          2h5m
etcd-master01                      1/1     Running   1          2h5m
etcd-master02                      1/1     Running   1          2h5m
etcd-master03                      1/1     Running   1          2h5m
kube-apiserver-master01            1/1     Running   1          2h5m
kube-apiserver-master02            1/1     Running   1          2h5m
kube-apiserver-master03            1/1     Running   1          2h5m
kube-controller-manager-master01   1/1     Running   3          2h5m
kube-controller-manager-master02   1/1     Running   1          2h5m
kube-controller-manager-master03   1/1     Running   2          2h5m
kube-flannel-ds-8qtx6              1/1     Running   2          2h4m
kube-flannel-ds-lmzdz              1/1     Running   0          2h4m
kube-flannel-ds-nb9qx              1/1     Running   1          2h4m
kube-flannel-ds-t4l4x              1/1     Running   1          2h4m
kube-flannel-ds-v592x              1/1     Running   1          2h4m
kube-proxy-6gd5j                   1/1     Running   1          2h5m
kube-proxy-f8k96                   1/1     Running   3          2h5m
kube-proxy-h7nrf                   1/1     Running   1          2h5m
kube-proxy-j96b6                   1/1     Running   1          2h5m
kube-proxy-mgmx6                   1/1     Running   0          2h5m
kube-scheduler-master01            1/1     Running   1          2h5m
kube-scheduler-master02            1/1     Running   2          2h5m
kube-scheduler-master03            1/1     Running   2          2h5m



###问题解决
1、加入集群的 Token 过期
注意：Token值在集群初始化后，有效期为 24小时 ，过了24小时过期。进行重新生成Token，再次加入集群，新生成的Token为 2小时。

1.1、生成Node节点加入集群的 Token
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm join 192.168.58.100:16443 --token menw99.1hbsurvl5fiz119n     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e76e4525ca29a9ccd5c24142a724bdb6ab865	12420215242c4313fb830a4eb98


1.2、生成Master节点加入集群的 --certificate-key
kubeadm init phase upload-certs  --upload-certs
I1105 12:33:08.201601   93226 version.go:254] remote version is much newer: v1.22.3; falling back to: stable-1.20
[upload-certs] Storing the certificates in Secret "kubeadm-certs" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[upload-certs] Using certificate key:
38dba94af7a38700c3698b8acdf8e23f273be07877f5c86f4977dc023e333deb

#master节点加入集群的命令
kubeadm join 192.168.58.100:16443 --token menw99.1hbsurvl5fiz119n     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e76e4525ca29a9ccd5c24142a724bdb6ab86512420215242c4313fb830a4eb98 \
 --control-plane --certificate-key 38dba94af7a38700c3698b8acdf8e23f273be07877f5c86f4977dc023e333deb


2、master节点 无法部署非系统Pod
解析：主要是因为master节点被加上污点，污点是不允许部署非系统 Pod，在 测试 环境，可以将污点去除，节省资源，可利用率。

2.1、查看污点
kubectl  describe node -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master=  | grep Taints
Taints:             node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule
Taints:             node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule
Taints:             node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule


2.2、取消污点
kubectl  taint node  -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule-
node/master01 untainted
node/master02 untainted
node/master03 untainted

kubectl  describe node -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master=  | grep Taints
Taints:             <none>
Taints:             <none>
Taints:             <none>


3、修改NodePort的默认端口
原理：默认k8s的使用端口的范围为30000左右，作为对外部提供的端口。我们也可以通过对配置文件的修改去指定默认的对外端口的范围。

#报错
The Service "nginx-svc" is invalid: spec.ports[0].nodePort: Invalid value: 80: provided port is not in the valid range. The range of valid ports is 30000-32767


[root@k8s-master1 ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
- --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16
- --service-node-port-range=1-65535    #找到后进行添加即可

#无需重启，k8s会自动生效


4、外部 etcd 部署配置
kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml

cd /opt/
vim kubeadm-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.80.14
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  name: master01
  taints:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
  certSANs:
  - 10.96.0.1
  - 127.0.0.1
  - localhost
  - kubernetes
  - kubernetes.default
  - kubernetes.default.svc
  - kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
  - 192.168.58.100
  - 192.168.58.66
  - 192.168.58.64
  - 192.168.58.65
  - master01
  - master02
  - master03
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.58.100:16443
controllerManager: {}
dns:
  type: CoreDNS
etcd:
  external:                                #使用外部etcd的方式
    endpoints:
    - https://192.168.58.66:2379
    - https://192.168.58.64:2379
    - https://192.168.58.65:2379
    caFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem           #需要把etcd的证书都复制到所有master节点上
    certFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem
    keyFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.15
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16
scheduler: {}
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs

在这里插入图片描述