linux 网络管理实验

网络管理

主机名管理

执行如下命令查看主机名。

[root@openEuler ~]# hostname
openEuler
[root@openEuler ~]# cat /etc/hostname		#这个文件是主机名的配置文件
openEuler

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执行如下命令临时修改主机名。

[root@openEuler ~]# hostname huawei			#临时修改主机名，重启失效
[root@openEuler ~]# hostname
huawei
[root@openEuler ~]# bash		#重新启动一个会话
Welcome to 4.19.90-2003.4.0.0036.oe1.x86_64
System information as of time:  Thu Jul  2 11:45:09 CST 2020
System load:    0.00
Processes:      178
Memory used:    18.5%
Swap used:      0.0%
Usage On:       9%
IP address:     192.168.110.248
Users online:   2
[root@huawei ~]#		#可以看到前面的提示符里，主机名已经变成了huawei
[root@huawei ~]# exit
exit
[root@openEuler ~]#

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执行如下步骤永久修改主机名。

方法一：
[root@openEuler ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname huawei		#此种方法不需要重启，重新登录即可

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方法二：
[root@openEuler ~]# vim /etc/hostname
#修改此文件中主机名，保存退出即可，需要重启才可以生效。
[root@openEuler ~]# reboot

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网络管理

执行如下步骤使用IP命令修改网卡IP地址。

[root@openEuler ~]# ip addr show   #显示当前主机的IP信息
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp4s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 28:6e:d4:8a:2b:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.110.247/24 brd 192.168.110.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp4s0
       valid_lft 847084sec preferred_lft 847084sec
    inet6 fe80::382e:b477:10e8:f0b6/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:69:ec:cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:69:ec:cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

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[root@openEuler ~]# ip addr add 192.168.110.100/24 dev enp4s0
[root@openEuler ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp4s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 28:6e:d4:8a:2b:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.110.247/24 brd 192.168.110.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp4s0
       valid_lft 846990sec preferred_lft 846990sec
    inet 192.168.110.100/24 scope global secondary enp4s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::382e:b477:10e8:f0b6/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:69:ec:cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:69:ec:cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

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[root@openEuler ~]# ip addr del 192.168.110.100/24 dev enp4s0
[root@openEuler ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp4s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 28:6e:d4:8a:2b:b6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.110.247/24 brd 192.168.110.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp4s0
       valid_lft 846884sec preferred_lft 846884sec
    inet6 fe80::382e:b477:10e8:f0b6/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:69:ec:cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:69:ec:cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

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执行如下命令配置静态路由。

[root@openEuler ~]# ip route
default via 192.168.110.254 dev enp4s0 proto dhcp metric 100
192.168.110.0/24 dev enp4s0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.110.247 metric 100
192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 linkdown
[root@openEuler ~]# ip route add 192.168.2.1 via 192.168.110.254 dev enp4s0
[root@openEuler ~]# ip route
default via 192.168.110.254 dev enp4s0 proto dhcp metric 100
192.168.2.1 via 192.168.110.254 dev enp4s0
192.168.110.0/24 dev enp4s0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.110.247 metric 100
192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 linkdown

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执行如下步骤通过修改ifcfg文件修改主机IP地址。

[root@openEuler ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp4s0
TYPE=Ethernet				#配置文件接口类型
PROXY_METHOD=none		#代理方式
BROWSER_ONLY=no			#只浏览
BOOTPROTO=dhcp			#系统启动地址协议
DEFROUTE=yes				#默认路由
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no		#是否一定要进行ipv4检查
IPV6INIT=yes					#是否执行IPv6
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes			#IPv6自动配置
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes			#IPv6默认路由
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no		#是否一定要进行ipv6检查
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy		#I Pv6地址生成方式
NAME=enp4s0				#网络连接的名字
UUID=90dbef32-15b2-3400-81c7-f98ece257a55		#设备UUID
ONBOOT=yes				#随系统启动
AUTOCONNECT_PRIORITY=-999				#自动连接优先级
DEVICE=enp4s0				#物理设备的名字

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###配置网络时可以将dhcp修改成static或者none，然后增加如下信息：
IPADDR=192.168.100.11
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.110.254
DNS1=114.114.114.114
###如何生效
[root@openEuler ~]# ifdown enp4s0
[root@openEuler ~]# ifup enp4s0

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执行如下命令修改/etc/hosts。

[root@openEuler ~]# vim /etc/hosts    #hosts是系统中一个负责IP地址与域名快速解析的文件，在最后新增一行，输入如下信息：
159.138.7.136  server			#新增这一行，完成后保存退出
[root@openEuler ~]# ping server -c 3
PING server (159.138.7.136) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from server (159.138.7.136): icmp_seq=1 ttl=40 time=53.3 ms
64 bytes from server (159.138.7.136): icmp_seq=2 ttl=40 time=51.3 ms
64 bytes from server (159.138.7.136): icmp_seq=3 ttl=40 time=52.4 ms

--- server ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2005ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 51.288/52.351/53.338/0.838 ms