kubernetes附加组件—图形化管理工具Dashboard

一、介绍

Dashboard是k8s集群管理的一个WebUi，它是k8s的一个附加组件，需要单独部署。

我们可以通过图形化的方法，创建、删除、修改、查询k8s资源。

二、安装部署dashboard组件

Github地址：GitHub - kubernetes/dashboard: General-purpose web UI for Kubernetes clusters

参考链接：Release v2.5.1 · kubernetes/dashboard · GitHub

可以通过上述地址，查询对应k8s的版本，来下载对应的dashboard

dashborad.yml

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.5.1
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.7
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

1、上传dashboard文件到服务器

上边是下载好的文件

[root@master dashboard]# rz
[root@master dashboard]# ll
总用量 8
-r-------- 1 root root 7660 5月 8 23:41 dashboard.yaml

2、修改nodeport的端口范围

这里也可以修改dashboard的文件中的svc资源的端口范围为30000-32767；

这里不该配置文件，修改我们k8s的端口范围；

[root@master dashboard]# vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
.............
spec:
containers:
- command:
- kube-apiserver
#下面这一条加进去，就修改完成了；自动就会更新；稍等一会；先会崩溃；
- --service-node-port-range=3000-50000
- --advertise-address=10.0.0.231
.....

3、创建dashboard资源

[root@master dashboard]# kubectl apply -f dashboard.yaml
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created

4、验证是否部署成功

[root@master dashboard]# kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-799d786dbf-2qct8 1/1 Running 0 3m
kubernetes-dashboard-fb8648fd9-9dn7p 1/1 Running 0 3m

5、访问页面测试

https://192.168.190.200:8443/

浏览器会显示不安全的证书链接；点击【高级】也没用，怎么办？

温馨提示：如果打不开网页，可以鼠标单击空白处，，依次输入“thisisunsafe”，即可自动跳转进入页面了；

点击空白处，写上“thisisunsafe”之后，会自动进入登录页面

我们可以看见上图中：有两个登录选项，token登录和kubeconfig登录；

6、token登录方式登录dashboard

1）查看dashboard的token

其实就是先查看dashboard的sa用户的详细信息；

我们可以看到，sa用户有一个token字段；这个token字段本质上也是一个secrets资源；

[root@master dashboard]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe sa kubernetes-dashboard | grep Tokens
Tokens: kubernetes-dashboard-token-gncvr

我们继续查看用户token的secrets资源详细信息，就可以获取到token的详细编码信息了；

[root@master dashboard]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secrets kubernetes-dashboard-token-gncvr
Name: kubernetes-dashboard-token-gncvr
Namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kubernetes-dashboard
kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 50898f21-d135-4687-ac70-601053b2aa34

Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt: 1099 bytes
namespace: 20 bytes
token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IlpTbGVjbERXaHkyVUVVbU9Ub29WUU10Y1BweGE5U0d5ZjNra1QtV284OTQifQ.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.HUIYiInvICyaOqhEQbaIkn62XxWihw6fNgS92t2zLanTWVD-w4our5frLud1mpXFAycF9MLxFSkU02xbGZxHGjqVdjdLtl3lqXhWjGbrkhO8dgu-aOqI9qJVlQbr5q-bWyQMirymhnjAIgjWoC4BFK-3TRdzba2zMQPqpRIzpYJmKbgw4Nx0yfdaoTtaXGW2G8lePmAPdd3zDh6qwy2jLmZCBo2HTpB-6LIcePS397BqS0_EdtCky16UFUd7Fn31fmsJlw9f11BQCBD8lFeKdj_6OIhvvYiPcsJZ_ZxdEFAupwlfBquFJgn5PjLUrMyG3t1F2ZjHv3_FRMWobfMBtQ

2）复制token编码输入到页面token

登录成功，发现没有资源操作权限

3）给名称空间kubernetes-dashboard的服务账号kubernetes-dashboard添加权限

[root@master dashboard]# cat sa-dashboard.yaml
#绑定k8s集群中的最大权限的角色当前sa用户
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-clusterrolebinding
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
# 既然绑定的是集群角色，那么类型也应该为"ClusterRole",而不是"Role"哟~
kind: ClusterRole
# 关于集群角色可以使用"kubectl get clusterrole | grep admin"进行过滤哟~
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
# 此处要注意哈，绑定的要和我们上面的服务账户一致哟~
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

[root@master dashboard]# kubectl apply -f sa-dashboard.yaml

4）再次查看上面页面，可以看到我们有权限访问资源了

7，kubeconfig文件方式登录dashboard （了解即可）
· 生成kubeconfig文件

先编辑生成kubeconfig文件的脚本

[root@k8s231 dashboard]# cat kc.sh
#!/bin/bash

#用户token的变量
XINJIZHIWA_TOKEN="eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6ImhJc3J4Y0JsRGQtWlVDZE9GbDkxQVRMMVJZaUlVNnRxWTFzZFBPdU5hM0kifQ.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.KpE4z0IX_404d_YhdjjcrPzlV-IovqhCx8AT9PaswK35q5AYeY6hf_Eu7oXLDiNlnIKVCscEp8BkpWfiTHZsc1Xfbo4Fw-95-aKXYS-ZOOwWF5vY2UjfQ-fbHqo5tbZN04GLzn67xaE096pVXVz6G6JQwGWIqCHFYcQMn_rp_OYOfPG4TkJ3-nMEq3NJB7gYf2X5xmhvMkEOTOgMwbAw-90Sn3EXW1nHhb6KsyWvKpq65qYnioqNu6KgXub1UD6caXWnMpOaaGE29Tm6_r55Hi_fIaLPwbhHUJ3mx7m99unmAiPDh3wsIhBcFYmbSzWJjGyLpzFJEhs-miKYuVpYNQ"

#设置集群
kubectl config set-cluster xinjizhiwa-cluster --server=https://10.0.0.231:6443 --kubeconfig=xjzw.conf

#设置客户端
kubectl config set-credentials xinjizhiwa-client --token=${XINJIZHIWA_TOKEN} --kubeconfig=xjzw.conf

#集群结合客户端
kubectl config set-context xinjizhiwa-user --cluster=xinjizhiwa-cluster --user=xinjizhiwa-client --kubeconfig=xjzw.conf

#声明使用上下文生成kubeconfig文件
kubectl config use-context xinjizhiwa-user --kubeconfig=xjzw.conf

执行脚本生成文件